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1 IT FinTech Finance Technology e SNS (AI)

2 (2013) (2015) ATM IC EMV

3 VISA MasterJCB VISA Master (Union Pay) VISA Master JCB

4 J-Debit J-Debit VISA IC Alipay QR POS nanaco WAON EdyJR Suica PASMO au Master au WALLET

5 (2016)

6 GDP GDP GDP Statistics on payment, clearing and settlement systems in the CPMI countries 2015 TSYS (Total System Services Inc.) U.S.

7 Consumer Payment Study Total System Services Inc U.S. Consumer Payment Study Payments UK UK Payment Markets Summary Payments UK 2016 UK Payment Markets Summary The payment behaviour of the Swedish population When given a choice, what payment form do you prefer? UK Payment Markets Summary How did you pay the last time you paid for something?

8 Swish Swish The payment behaviour of the Swedish population Swish Swish (2015) J-Debit

9 (2013) Frixos Melas (2016) BIS Timetric Payment Card

10

11 OECD, OECD Factbook 2009 Victimisation rates FinTech

12 ATM Fair Isaac FICO Score FICO Score FinTech Lending Club FICO Score

13 Humphrey and Berger (1990) (1999) Two-sided Market Rochet and Tirole (2003) Two-sided Market Two-sided Market Shy and Tarkka

14 (2002) (2005)McAndrews, J. and Z. Wang (2012)

15 ATM

16

17

18 Two-sided Market

19

20 FinTech IC POS IC IC EMV IC EMV EMV FinTech Europay International MasterCard VisaMasterCard EMV

21 EMV IC POS IC Two-sided Market EMV EMV VISA POS Liability Shift EMV POS POS Square POS POS IC POS Apple Apple Pay Google Android Pay POS EMV EMV

22 Apple Pay POS EMV IC IC EMV POS ATM ATM ATM

23 J-Debit J-Debit J-Debit

24 ATM J-Debit Suica nanaco IC SONY IC FeliCa FeliCa

25 JR

26 Square POS id QUICPay FeliCa Pay

27 FeliCa IC FeliCa IC Type A/Type B Apple Pay Android Pay Type A / Type B FeliCa JR IC JR IC FeliCa Type A / Type B IC FeliCa OS ios OS Android

28 FeliCa iphone Apple iphone 6 Type A / Type B iphone FeliCa FeliCa Type A / Type B NFCNear Field Communication iphone 7 FeliCa FeliCa Apple Pay Suica IC Type A / Type B IC FeliCa Type A / Type B

29 EMV (2016) OS (1999)IMES Discussion Paper Series No. 99-J-16 (2015) (2005) (34) (2013)IT (2016) (2015) (2015) (2016) VISA (2013) 54(5) Bank for International Settlements (2015), Statistics on payment, clearing and settlement systems in the CPMI countries 2015 Humphrey, D. and A. Berger (1990), Market Failure and Resource Use: Economic Incentives to Use Different Payment Instruments, in D. Humphrey, ed., The U.S. Payment System: Efficiency, Risk and the Role of the Federal Reserve., Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp McAndrews, J. and Z. Wang (2012), The economics of two-sided payment card markets: Pricing, adoption and usage, FRB Richmond Working Paper No Melas, F. (2016), Regulation, technology and partnerships shaping the payments industry in China

30 Payments UK 2016 UK Payment Markets Summary Rochet, J. C. and J. Tirole (2003), Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets, Journal of the European Economic Association, (4). pp Shy, O. and J. Tarkka (2002), The Market for Electronic Cash Cards, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, vol. 34, No. 2, pp Sveriges Riksbank (2016), The payment behaviour of the Swedish population Total System Services Inc. (2016), 2016 U.S. Consumer Payment Study

The Institute for Economic Studies Seijo University 6 1 20, Seijo, Setagaya Tokyo 157-8511, Japan The Institute for Economic Studies Green Paper No. 59 Consumers Decision on the Choice of Small Payment

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