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1 Ralph Nader s Criticism of the American Two-Party System from 1965 to 1992 Hisayo KUSHIDA The Atlantic Monthly, December 2006, lists the most influential figures in American history, as selected by 10 eminent historians. Ralph Nader is in the top 100. He is described as follows: Ralph Nader: He made the cars we drive safer; thirty years later, he made George W. Bush the president. He is both praised and harshly criticized now because of the 2000 American presidential election. However, no one denies that, as a radical social reformer, Nader changed American society in the 1960s and 1970s. In that most pivotal time in U.S. history, he never agreed to be a candidate for any party; he hated even the idea of becoming a politician. However, Nader did participate in the New Hampshire presidential primary in 1992, and in 1996 and 2000 he was the presidential candidate for the Green Party. This article examines Nader s widespread criticism of the American Associate Professor of History of American Politics, Faculty of International Studies, Keiai University. 141

2 political system before 1992 and tries to explain why he was later a candidate in presidential elections. Ralph Nader The Atlantic W Al Gore 142

3 Winsted David Halberstam The Safe Car You can t Buy The Nation P Daniel P. Moynihan Unsafe at Any Speed GM 143

4 The National Traffic and Motor Vehicles Safety Act The Highway Safety Act Nader s Raiders the Center for the Study of Responsive Law: CSRL GM the Public Interest Research Group: PIRG PIRG Joan Claybrook James Mackay 144

5 PIRG PIRG PIRG PIRG Public Citizen Health Research Group 145

6 Sidney Wolfe Litigation Group Alan Morrison PIRG Who Runs Congress Congress Watch Auto Safety 146

7 Critical Mass PIRG US & U. S. News & World Report 147

8 George McGovern New Party David Ignatius 148

9 Consumer Protection Agency: CPA Harrison Wellford Office of Management and Budget: OMB National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: NHTSA NHTSA 149

10 CPA CPA CPA CPA CPA CPA 150

11 CPA CPA Village Voice 151

12 CPA CPA CPA CPA Ronald Regan Irving Kristol 152

13 Public Interest CPA 153

14 Shafeek Nader Bell s Palsy Trial Lawyers for Public Justice: TLPJ TLPJ TLPJ W. R. 154

15 PIRG PIRG PIRG PIRG PIRG PIRG PIRG PIRG PIRG Harvey Rosenfield PIRG Votor Revolt 155

16 NAFTA GATT WTO WTO 156

17 Marcus Raskin Gerry Sellers Justin Martin Breaking 157

18 Out of The Two-Party Rut 158

19 a b c 159

20 Buffalo s Channel 58 Jerry Brown Ross Perot Bill Clinton,, 160

21 The Top 100: The most influential figures in American history, The Atlantic Monthly December Justin Martin, Nader: Crusader, Spoiler, Icon Basic Books: New York, 2002 ; Kevin Graham, Ralph Nader: Battling for Democracy Windom Publishing Company: Denver, 2000 ; Patricia Cronin Marcello, Ralph Nader: A Biography Greenwood Press: Westport, Martin, Nader: Crusader, pp Public Citizen: The 35th Anniversary Issue, Vol. 26, No , pp. 2 6, 10 15; Martin, Nader: Crusader, p Ibid., p Henry A. Kissinger AFL-CIO George Meany Graham, Ralph Nader, p. 85. Martin, Nader: Crusader, p

22 Ibid., pp Ibid., p Stages of Nader Martin, Nader: Crusader, pp Martin, Nader: Crusader, pp Introduction to More Action for a Change originally appeared as the Introduction to More Action for a Change by Kelley Griffin, 1987, Ralph Nader, The Ralph Nader Reader Seven Stories Press: New York, 2000, pp Martin, Nader: Crusader, p Ibid., p Ibid., pp Breaking Out of The Two-Party Rut originally appeared in The Nation, July 29/27, 1992, The Ralph Nader Reader, p. 35. Ibid., p. 36. Ibid. 4 The Concord Principles: an agenda for a new initiatory democracy, The Ralph Nader Reader, pp Martin, Nader: Crusader, pp The Ralph Nader Reader, pp Martin, Nader: Crusader, p William Greider, Who Will Tell the People: The Betrayal of American Democracy Simon & Schuster: New York, 1992 NPQ JICC Graham, Kevin, Ralph Nader: Battling for Democracy Windom Publishing Company: Denver, Marcello, Patricia Cronin, Ralph Nader: A Biography Greenwood Press: Westport, Martin, Justin, Nader: Crusader, Spoiler, Icon Basic Books: New York,

23 Nader, Ralph, The Ralph Nader Reader Seven Stories Press: New York, 2000., Crushing the Party Thomas Dunne Books: New York, 2002., In Pursuit of Justice: Collected Writings Seven Stories Press: New York, 2004., The Good Fight Harper Collins Publishers Inc.: New York, Public Citizen: The 35th Anniversary Issue, Vol. 26, No

Title 社 会 化 教 育 における 公 民 的 資 質 : 法 教 育 における 憲 法 的 価 値 原 理 ( fulltext ) Author(s) 中 平, 一 義 Citation 学 校 教 育 学 研 究 論 集 (21): 113-126 Issue Date 2010-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2309/107543 Publisher 東 京

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