Fig. 1 Continuous flow culture system Table 1 MIC ( ) : MIC value after regrowth
|
|
|
- あつひろ よどぎみ
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 Fig. 1 Continuous flow culture system Table 1 MIC ( ) : MIC value after regrowth
3 Fig. 2-viable counts c cph of the liquid medium - E-ORP of the liquid medium. Bacterial growth, ph and ORP measurements in the culture vessel Fig. 4 Antimicrobial drugs (ABPC, NA, CFS or GM) of 400 ƒêg/ml or 100ƒÊg/ml were added in the culture vessel at time zero. The curve indicate actual concentrations of drugs determined at each time points. Medium in the vessel was diluted with fresh medium without antimicrobial drugs at the rate of 20% per hour Fig. 3 Medium without antimicrobial drug in the vessel was diluted with the medium containing 100 ƒêg/ml of NA, GM, CFS or ABPC at the rate of 20% per hour. The curves indicate actual concentrations of drugs determined at each time points. Fig. 5 Experimental details were described in legend to Fig. 3. Viable cell numbers of E. coli in the culture vessel to which 1, 4 or 16 folds MIC of ampicillin was added continuously
4 Fig. 6 Viable cell numbers of E. coli in the culture vessel to which 1, 4 or 16 folds MIC of nalidixic acid was added continuously Fig. 9 Viable cell numbers of P. aeruginosa in the culture vessel to which 1 or 16 folds MIC of gentamicin was added continuously Fig. 7 Viable cell numbers of E. coli in the culture vessel to which 1, 4 or 16 folds MIC of gentamicin was added continuously Fig. 10 Viable cell numbers of P. aeruginosa in the culture vessel to which 1 or 16 folds MIC of cefsulodin was added continuously Fig. 8 Viable cell numbers of P. aeruginosa in the culture vessel to which 1 or 16 folds MIC of nalidixic acid was added continuously
5 Fig.11 Viable cell numbers of E. coli in the culture vessel to which 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of ampicillin was added at time zero. Experimental details were described in legend to Fig. 4 Fig. 13 Viable cell numbers of E. coli in the culture vessel to which 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of gentamicin was added at time zero Fig 12 Viable cell numbers of E. coli in the culture vessel to which 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of nalidixic acid was added at time zero Fig. 14 Viable cell numbers of E. coli in the culture vessel to which 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of cefsulodin was added at time zero
6 Fig.15 Viable cell numbers of P. aeruginosa in the culture vessel to which 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of nalidixic acid was added at time zero Fig. 17 Viable cell numbers of P. aeruginosa in the culture vessel to which 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of cefsulodin was added at time zero Fig. 16 Viable cell numbers of P. aeruginosa in the culture vessel totwhich 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of gentamicirdwas added at time zero Fig. 18 The change of viable cell, ph and ORP in the culture vessel to which 4,16 or 64 folds MIC of nalidixic acidlwas added at time zero
7 Fig. 19 The change of viable cell, ph, ORP in the culture vessel to which 4, 16 or 64 folds MIC of gentamicin was added at time zero Fig. 18, 19 -viable counts c cph of the liquid medium - E-ORP of the liquid medium
8 1) KUNIN, C. M.: Detection, Prevention and Management of Urinary Tract Infections, 2 nd Ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp.25 `27, ) BRYSON : cited from 6) 4) NOVICK, A. & L. SZILARD : Cold Spring Harbor Aymp. Quart. Biol. 16 : 337 `343, ) OZAWA, A. & R. FRETER : Ecological Mechanism Controlling Growth of Escherichia soli in Continuous Flow Cultures and in the Mouse Intestine. J. Inf. Dis. 114 : 235 `242, 1964
9 17) LYNN, 13.: Pharmaceutics of the Semi synthetic Penicillins. Chemist. Druggist. 187 : 134 7) FETER, R.: In vivo and in vitro Antagonism of Intestinal Bacteria against Shigella flexneri. 2. The Inhibitory Mechanism. J. Inf. Dis. 110 : 38 `46, ) GRASSO, S.; G. MEINARDI, I. De CARVERI & V. TAMASSIA : New in vitro Model to Study the Effect of Antibiotic Concentration and Rate of Elimination on Antibacterial Activity. A. A. C. 13 : 570 `576, ) O'GRADY, F. & J. H. PENNINGTON : Bacterial Growth in an in vitro System Simulating Conditions in the Urinary Bladder. Brit. 18) JA cons, J. ; I. NATHAN, E. SUPERSTINE & T. SACKS : Ampicillin and Curbenicillin Stability in Commonly Used Infection Solutions. Drug Intelligence Clin. Pharm. 4 : 204 `208, ) SAVELLO, D. R. & R. F. SFIANGRAW : Stability of Sodium Ampicillin Solutions in the Frozen and Liquid States. Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 28 : 754 `459, ) ROWE, F. L. & W. MOROZOWICH : A Simple Dilution Analog Computer for Simulation of Drug Distribution Process, J. Pharma. Sci. 58 : 1375 `1378, ) GREENWOOD, D. & F. O' GRADY : Differential Effects of Benzylpenicillin and Ampicillin on Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in J. Exp. Path. 47: 152 `157, ) O'GRADY, F.; C. L. GAUCI, B. S. WATSON & B. HAMMOND : In vitro Models Simulating Conditions of Bacterial Growth in the Urinary Tract. Urinary Tract Infection. Proceedings of Second National Symposium Held in London, March pp.80 `91, Oxford University Press 13) CATTEL, W. R.; K. I. FREY, F. I. SPIRO, J. M. SARDESON, M. B. SUTCHIFFE & F. O'GRADY : Effect of Diuresis and Frequent Micturition on the Bacterial Content of Infected Urine: A Measure of Competence of Intrinsic Hydrokinetic Clearance Mechanisms. Brit. J. Urol. 42 : 290 `295, ) HINMAN, F. Jr. & C. E. COX : The Voiding Vesical Defence Mechanism : The Mathematical Effect of Residual Urine, Voiding Interval and Volume on Bacteriuria. J. Urol. 96 : 491 `498, ) HINMAN, F. Jr.. Bacterial Elimination. J. Urol. 99 : , 1968 Condition Simulating those of Urinary Bladder. J. Inf. Dis. 122 : 465 `471, ) GREENWOOD, D. & F. O'GRADY : Is your dosage really necessary? Antibiotic Dosage in Urinary Infection. Brit. J. Med. 10 Sept., ) NAUMAN, P.: The Value of Antibiotic Levels in Tissue and in Urine in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. J. A ntimicrob. Chemothera. 4 : 9 `17, ) KAWADA, Y.; D. GREENWOOD, & F. O'GRADY: Factors Affecting Antibiotic Concentrations in Bladder Urine. Inv. Urol. 17 : 484 `486, ) STAMY, T. A.; W. R. FAIR, M. M. TIMOTHY, M. A. MILLER, G. MIHARA, & Y. C. LOWLEY : Serum versus Urinary Antimicrobial Concentrations in Cure of Urinary Tract Infections. N. E. J. M. 29 : 1159 `1163, 1974
10 EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON THE GROWTH OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN CONTINUOUS FLOW CULTURE I : STUDIES ON SINGLE CULTURE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA KEISIII OKADA Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tokai University A continuous flow culture has been developed as in vitro model of bacterial growth and drug concentrations in the body. On the other hand, the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria has been tested by static culture using liquid and solid media. This study was designed to analyze the antimicrobial activities of several antibiotics (ampicillin, nalidixic acid, cefsulodin and gentamicin) on gram-nagative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cultured by the continuous flow system. When a portion of medium containing 16 times the MIC of the test antibiotic was introduced to the culture vessel containing steady state bacterial cells (2 ~ 107/ml), a marked decrease in the bacterial cells in the culture vessel was observed. Escherichia coli was completely eradicated or reduced to 102 to 103 per ml by 64 times MIC of gentamicin or other drugs such as nalidixic acid, ampicillin and cefsulodin. The effect of the antibiotics in eliminating Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not as significant as with Escherichia coli when the same antibiotic concentration was added to the reservoir medium or introduced directly to the vessel. We also determined the time required to attain the steady state of cell growth after drastic reduction of the cell density by introduction of antibiotics to the vessel as a one-compartment model of drug absorption and excretion. Our results suggest that the inhibitory effects of antibiotics on the growth of steady state gramnegative bacteria are quite different from the effects determined by the conventional static culture. Since the dilution rate of the drug is not proportional to the dilution rate of the cells in the culture vessel, the results obtained from such experiments should be interpreted carefully. However, the information obtained might provide a basis for making a time schedule for drug administrations to patients. Thus, we believe that use of a continuous flow culture system to study the effect of antimicrobial agents in the dynamic state is meaningful and provides important information concerning the chemotherapy of bacterial infections.
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of DL-8280
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of DL-8280 Fig. 2 Susceptibility of cl in ical isolates to DL4280 Fig. 5 Susceptibility of clinical isolates to DL-8280 Fig. 3 Susceptibility of clinical isolates to DL-8280 Fig.
1272 CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1975
1272 CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1975 VOL. 23 NO. 3 CHEMOTHERAPY 1273 Fig. 2 Minimal inhibitory concentration of aminoglycosides against 50 strains of Klebsiella Fig. 1 Minimal inhibitory concentration of aminoglycosides
Table 1 Survival rates of infected mice given antibiotic doses producing peak serum a) S. aurcus Smith Challenge dose :7 ~10 (5% mucin) CFU/mouse. LD50: 1 ~103 (5% mucin) CFU/mouse. Table 2 Survival rates
VOL. 23 NO. 3 CHEMOTHERAPY 1067 Table 2 Sensitivity of gram positive cocci isolated from various diagnostic materials Table 3 Sensitivity of gram nega
1066 CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1975 Table 1 Sensitivity of standard strains VOL. 23 NO. 3 CHEMOTHERAPY 1067 Table 2 Sensitivity of gram positive cocci isolated from various diagnostic materials Table 3 Sensitivity
Key words : R-plasmid, Urinary tract infection, E. coli Fig. 1. MIC distribution against E. coli isolated from urinary tract (366 strains) and isolation - frequencies of drug-resistant strains Table 1.
b) Gram-negative bacteria Fig. 2 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates : E. coli Fig. 3 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates : Pseudomonas Fig. 1 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates
CHEMOTHERAPY NOV S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, K. pgeumoniae, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis, Proteus, P. aeruginosa Inoculum siz
VOL.33 S-5 CHEMOTHERAPY 381 Fig. 1 Chemical structure of HAPA-B Chemical name 1-N-[(2S)-3-Amino-2-hydroxypropiony1]-4-0-(6-amino- 6-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl)-6-013-deoxy-4-C-methyl- 3-(methylamino)-ƒÀ-L-arabinopyranosyl]-2-deoxystreptamine
Table 1 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates 1. Escherichia coli Inoculum size: 106cells/ml 2. Klebsiella pneumoniae 3. Enterobacter cloacae 4. Serratia marcescens Inoculum size: 106cells/nil
CHEMOTHERAPY aureus 0.10, Enterococcus faecalis 3.13, Escherichia coli 0.20, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens 0.78, Prote
aureus 0.10, Enterococcus faecalis 3.13, Escherichia coli 0.20, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens 0.78, Proteus mirabilis 3.13, Proteus vulgaris 1.56, Citrobacter freundii 0.39,
Table 1 Antibacterial spectra of CPM and other antimicrobials against anaerobes Fig. 1 In vitro activity of CPM and other antibiotics against B. fragilis (136 strains) Fig. 2 In vitro activity of CPM and
CHEMOTHERAPY FEB Table 1. Activity of cefpirome and others against clinical isolates
VOL.39 S-1 CHEMOTHERAPY FEB. 1981 Table 1. Activity of cefpirome and others against clinical isolates VOL.39 S-1 CHEMOTHERAPY FEB. 1991 72 M, 55.5 kg 66 F, 53 kg Chronic bronchitis Bronchopneumonia Peak
CHEMOTHERAPY APR Fig. 1 Chemical structure of cefotetan (CTT, YM09330)
CHEMOTHERAPY APR. 1982 Fig. 1 Chemical structure of cefotetan (CTT, YM09330) VOL.30 S-1 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 2 Comparison of standard curves of CTT on various test organisms by cylinder plate method Column
Fig.1 Chemical structure of BAY o 9867
Fig.1 Chemical structure of BAY o 9867 CHEMOTHERAPY 43 Table 3 Antibacterial spectrum of gram negative bacteria Medium:Heart infusion agar (Nissui) Method:Agar dilution (Streak) CHEMOTHERAPY DEC 1985
VOL.32 S-7 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 MIC of standard strains of CTRX Fig. 2 Cumulative curves of MIC S. aureus (26 strains )
CHEMOTHERAPY OCT. 1984 Fig. I Chemical structure of CTRX VOL.32 S-7 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 MIC of standard strains of CTRX Fig. 2 Cumulative curves of MIC S. aureus (26 strains ) CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 3 Cumulative
Jan THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XL-1 Table 1. Outline of administering doses, routes and sampling times *: 4 ml/hr/kg Bacillus subtilis
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XL-1 Jan. 1987 Jan. 1987 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XL-1 Table 1. Outline of administering doses, routes and sampling times *: 4 ml/hr/kg Bacillus subtilis
CHEMOTHERAPY FEB Table 1 Background of volunteers
CHEMOTHERAPY FEB. 1985 Table 1 Background of volunteers Table 3 Reproducibility of saisomicln In the EIA and the RIA Fig.1 Comparison of the EIA with the RIA or bioassay of sisomicin Table 4 Blood levels
CHEMOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY VOL.41 S-2 Laboratory and clinical evaluation of teicoplanin CHEMOTHERAPY AUG. 1993 VOL.41 S-2 Laboratory and clinical evaluation of teicoplanin Table 1. Comparative in vitro activity of teicoplanin
epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, indolepositive Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia
epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, indolepositive Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia Table 3. Overall clinical efficacy of cefozopran in
Fig. 1 Clinical findings and extent of inflammation area in female urethrocystitis Fig. 2 Classification and distribution of female patients with blad
Key words: Female with bladder irritability, Subjective symptoms, Pyuria, Bacteriuria Fig. 1 Clinical findings and extent of inflammation area in female urethrocystitis Fig. 2 Classification and distribution
CHEMOTHERAPY JUNE 1993 Table 1. Background of patients in pharmacokinetic study
CHEMOTHERAPY JUNE 1993 Table 1. Background of patients in pharmacokinetic study VOL. 41 S 1 Table 2. Levels (Đg/ml or Đg/g) of S-1006 in serum, bile, and tissue (gallbladder) after oral administration
Fig.1 MICs of penicillins against 24 strains of B. pertussis Fig.2 MICs of cepherns against 24 strains of B. pertussis Fig.3 MICs of macrolides against 24 strains of B. pertussis Fig.4 MICs of nalidixic
988 CHEMOTHERAPY NOV. 1971
988 CHEMOTHERAPY NOV. 1971 VOL. 19 NO. 8 CHEMOTHERAPY 989 Effect of medium-ph and inoculum size on activity of SB-PC heart infusion agar, mcg/ml Sensitivity distribution of Staphylococci to SB-PC in surgical
VOL.32 S-9 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of AC-1370, CPZ and CAZ Table 2 Efficacy of AC-1370 and CPZ against systemic infections in mice *Inoculum size: 106 cells/ml * 95% confidence
CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Urinary excretion of mezlocillin Fig. 4 Urinary excretion of mezlocillin Fig. 3 Blood levels of mezlocillin
CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 2 Urinary excretion of mezlocillin Fig. 1 Blood levels of mezlocillin CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Urinary excretion of mezlocillin Fig. 4 Urinary excretion of mezlocillin Fig. 3 Blood levels
Key words: E. coli O 157: H7, fosfomycin, verotoxin, mouse infection
Key words: E. coli O 157: H7, fosfomycin, verotoxin, mouse infection Table 1. Bacterial cell counts in feces of mice infected with Esclwrichia coli O 157: H7 NK2 before and during oral dosing with fosfomycin
Key words:fatty acid,plant oil,staphylococcus aureus,skin care, atopic dermatitis
Key words:fatty acid,plant oil,staphylococcus aureus,skin care, atopic dermatitis growth was monitored at 660 nm with a biophotorecorder. Table 1.Relative inhibitory effects of fatty acids,plant oils,
CHEMOTHERAPY APR Fig. 2 The inactivation of aminoglycoside antibiotics by PC-904 Fig. 3 Serum concentration of PC-904 (1) Fig. 4 Urinary recover
VOL.26 S-2 CHEMOTHERAPY Gentamicin (GM), Dibekacin (DKB), Tobramycin Fig. 1 Protein concentration and protein binding rate Table 2 Protein binding rate of PC-904 in serum of healthy adults, and patients
CHEMOTHERAPY AUG. 1982 VOL. 30 NO. 8 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig.1 Relation between various-closis of cefazolin and detection rate of organisms in heart blood of dying mice with E. coli and P. aeruginosa infection
Key Words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, CEP-AIS, MIC, "MBC", MIC of drugs in combination
Key Words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, CEP-AIS, MIC, "MBC", MIC of drugs in combination Fig. 1. The following three kinds of overnight broth cultures of 10 strains of Kl. pneumoniae were inoculated on the agar
CHEMOTHERAPY APRIL 1992 VOL. 40 S- 1 Table 1-1. Comparative in vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates CNS: coagulase-negative staphylococci CHEMOTHERAPY APRIL 1992 Table 1-2. Comparative
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of KW-1070
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of KW-1070 Fig. 2 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates Fig. 4 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates Fig. 3 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates Fig.
VOL.30 NO.12 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 1 Effect of temperature on the growth curve of A. calcoaceticus A. calcoaceticits Ac 54 A. calcoacetictts Ac 164 Fig. 2 Effect of medium ph on the growth curve of A. calcoaceticus
CHEMOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Antibacterial activity of BRL 28500 against standard strains of bacteria Fig, 1 Sensitivity distribution of ABPC-resistant E. coli isolated from urinary tract Fig. 2 Sensitivity
CHEMOTHERAPY JUN Citrobacter freundii 27, Enterobacter aerogenes 26, Enterobacter cloacae 27, Proteus rettgeri 7, Proteus inconstans 20, Proteus
VOL. 32 S-4 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 1 Chemical structure of sodium cefoperazone Fig. 2 Chemical structure of sodium cefoperazone CHEMOTHERAPY JUN. 1984 Citrobacter freundii 27, Enterobacter aerogenes 26, Enterobacter
VOL. 34 S-2 CHEMOTH8RAPY 913
VOL. 34 S-2 CHEMOTH8RAPY 913 914 CHEMOTHERAPY APR. 1986 Fig. 1 Chemical structure of T-2588 and T-2525 T- 2588 pivaloyloxymethyl (+ )- (6 R, 7 R)-7-[(Z)-2- (2-amino- 4-thiazolyl)-2-methox yiminoacetamido]-3-[(
Cephaloridine Conc. 125mcg/m/+ DC 10mg/ml Cephaloridine Conc. 125mcg/ml C- adap+ E. coli Ampicillin Conc. 125mcg/ml+C 10mg/ml Cephaloridine Conc. 12.5mcg/ml D-adap+E.coil JORGENSEN : Alteration of bile
CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 1 Chemical structure of CXM-AX
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of CXM-AX NOV. 1986 Fig. 2 Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates organisms (106 cells/ml) a Smurcus 27 strains d) P.m irabilis 15 strains b Ecol i 27 strains 111.morganii
VOL. 17 NO. 7 CHEMOTHERAPY 1305 1) W. BRumFirr et al. : Clinical and laboratory studies with carbenicillin. Lancet 1: 1289~ 1293, 1967 2) E. T. KNUDSEN et al. : A new semisynthetic penicillin active against
VOL.42 S-1
CHEMOTHERAPY APR. 1994 VOL.42 S-1 CHEMOTHERAPY APR. 1994 Table 1. Criteria for evaluation of clinical efficacy by the Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgeons Grades of symptoms and numerical
Table 1.Resistance criteria Fig.1.The resistance rates of piperacillin,ceftazidime, cefsulodin,imipenem,aztreonam,gentamicin,tobramycin,amikacin,isepamicin,fosfomycin and ofloxacin against 2,793 strains
CHEMOTHERAPY APRIL 1992 Table 2. Concentration of meropenem in human prostatic fluid Table 1. Background of 21 chronic complicated UTI cases * NB + BPH, NB + Kidney tumor, NB + Kidney tuberculosis Table
CHEMOTHERAPY Proteus mirabilis GN-79 Escherichia coli No. 35 Proteus vulgaris GN-76 Pseudomonas aeruginosa No. 11 Escherichia coli ML-1410 RGN-823 Kle
VOL. 29 NO.8 CHEMOTHERAPY 865 CHEMOTHERAPY Proteus mirabilis GN-79 Escherichia coli No. 35 Proteus vulgaris GN-76 Pseudomonas aeruginosa No. 11 Escherichia coli ML-1410 RGN-823 Klebsiella pneumoniae GN-69
CHEMOTHERAPY JUNE 1987 Table1 Media used *BHIB, brain heart infusion broth (Difco); /3 -NAD, S -nicotinamidoadeninedinucleotide (Sigma Chemical Co.);
VOL.35 S-2 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig.1 Chemical structure of carumonam CHEMOTHERAPY JUNE 1987 Table1 Media used *BHIB, brain heart infusion broth (Difco); /3 -NAD, S -nicotinamidoadeninedinucleotide (Sigma Chemical
Table 1. Antibacterial spectrum SBT ABPC ABPC CPZ : sulbactamiampicillin : ampicillin : cefoperazone
Table 1. Antibacterial spectrum SBT ABPC ABPC CPZ : sulbactamiampicillin : ampicillin : cefoperazone (inoculum size= 106 CFU/ml) (Ĉ-lactamase producer : 2 strains) Fig. 1. Sensitivity distribution of
CHEMOTHERAPY JUNE 1986
VOL. 34 S-3 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 1 Structural formula of L-105 CHEMOTHERAPY JUNE 1986 VOL. 34 S-3 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Antibacterial spectra of L-105 against gram negative anaerobic rods Inoculum 106 cells/ml
VOL. 23 NO. 3 CHEMOTHERAPY 1379 Table 1 Susceptibility of clinical isolated strains to Tobramycin
VOL. 23 NO. 3 CHEMOTHERAPY 1379 Table 1 Susceptibility of clinical isolated strains to Tobramycin 1380 CHEMOTHERAPY MAR. 1975 Table 2 Susceptibility of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa to various antibiotics
CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Clinical effect of Sultamicillin
CHEMOTHERAPY CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Clinical effect of Sultamicillin CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 1 MICs of sultamicillin against respiratory pathogenic Branhamella catarrhalis 62 strains, inoculum size 106CFU/m1 Fig.
Key words: Disinfectants, Gram negative rods, Bactericidal effect P. aeruginosa 1, P. fluorescens 20 P. putida 179, P. cepacia 216 P. maltophilia 227,
Key words: Disinfectants, Gram negative rods, Bactericidal effect P. aeruginosa 1, P. fluorescens 20 P. putida 179, P. cepacia 216 P. maltophilia 227, P. putrefaciens 279 A. faecalis 120, A. ordrans 114
2108 CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT Table 1 Antimicrobial spectrum Fig. 1
2108 CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT. 1977 Table 1 Antimicrobial spectrum Fig. 1 VOL. 25 NO. 7 CHEM 014 HERAPY 2109 Table 2 Susceptibility distribution of Staphylococcus aureus to aminoglycosides (54 strains) Table
Table 1.Concentration of gatifloxacin (Middle-ear) Table 2.Concentration of gatifloxacin (Paranasal sinuses) Table 3.Concentration of gatifloxacin (Tonsil) Table 4.No.of patients studied Table 5.Background
coccus aureus Corynebacterium sp, Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudornonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas sp., Xanthomonas maltophilia, F
VOL.43 S-1 coccus aureus Corynebacterium sp, Haemophilus parainfluenzae Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudornonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas sp., Xanthomonas maltophilia, Flavobacter- Table 1. Concentration of grepafloxacin
Fig.2. Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates of S. epidermidis (24 strains, 106 CFU/ml) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epider- midis Ent
Fig.2. Sensitivity distribution of clinical isolates of S. epidermidis (24 strains, 106 CFU/ml) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epider- midis Enterococcus faecalis Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella
Table 1. Antibacterial activitiy of grepafloxacin and other antibiotics against clinical isolates
Table 1. Antibacterial activitiy of grepafloxacin and other antibiotics against clinical isolates Table 2-1. Summary of patients treated with grepafloxacin for respiratory infection 1) Out: outpatient,
VOL.30 S-1 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Antibacterial activity of CTT against standard strains Table 2 Antibacterial activity of CTT against standard strains
CHEMOTHERAPY APR. 1982 Fig. 1 Chemical structure of cefotetan (CTT, YM09330) VOL.30 S-1 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Antibacterial activity of CTT against standard strains Table 2 Antibacterial activity of CTT
VOL.35 S-2 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Sex and age distribution Table 2 Applications of treatment with carumonam Table 3 Concentration of carumonam in human
CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 1 Chemical structure of carumonam Disodium(+)-(Z)-CCE1-(2-amino-4-thiazoly1)-2-[[(2S, -(carbamoyloxymethyl)-4-oxo-1-sulfonato-3-azetidinyll -2-oxoethylidene] amino] oxy] acetate 3S)-2
Staphylococcus sp. K.pneumoniae P.mirabilis C.freundii E. cloacae Serratia sp. P. aeruginosa ml, Enterococcus avium >100ƒÊg/ml
CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT. 1992 cefoperazone ceftazidime (CAZ), imipenem (IPM) Staphylococcus sp., Enterococcus (CPZ), faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae,
Fig. 1. Structures of NM394, NAD-358 and NAD-245 Fig. 2. Typical HPLC chromatograms of NM394 in human plasma by organic solvent extraction method (a): Blank plasma (b): Plasma spiked with NM394 and internal
Dec. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XXXVII (45)
Dec. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XXXVII-12 2305(45) 2306(46) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XXXVII-12 Dec. Dec. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XXXVII-12 2307(47) 2308(48) THE JAPANESE
VOL.47 NO.5 Table 1. Susceptibility distribution of Ĉ- lactams against clinical isolates of MRSA MRSA: rnethicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MAY 1999 VOL.47 NO.5 Table 1. Susceptibility distribution of ƒà- lactams against clinical isolates of MRSA MRSA: rnethicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (oxacillin MIC: 4ƒÊg/ ml) FMOX: flomoxef,
Jon. J. Hosp. Pharm. 21(1) (1995) l Stability of Thiamine in Intravenous Hyperalimentation Containing Multivitamin KEIICHI ASAHARA*, YASUSHI GOD
Jon. J. Hosp. Pharm. 21(1) 15-21 (1995) l Stability of Thiamine in Intravenous Hyperalimentation Containing Multivitamin KEIICHI ASAHARA*, YASUSHI GODA, YUKI SHIMOMURA, YASUHIRO FUJIWARA, KAZUKO SEGAWA,
Table 1. Antibacterial activity of cefdinir, cefixime, cefteram, cefuroxime, cefaclor and amoxicillin against standard strains Inoculum size: 108 cells/ml CFDN: cefdinir, CFIX: cefixime, CFTM: cefteram,
FA
29 28 15 1985 1993 The process of the labor negotiations of the Japan Professional Baseball Players Association, 1985 1993 ABE Takeru Graduate School of Social Science, Hitotsubashi University Abstract
Table 1. Influence of urine ph on MBCs of new quinolones against Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18S; MBCs in urine were compared with those in Miieller-Hinton broth. Table 2. Influence
Key words: Antibiotics, Intestinal bacterial flora, Germfree mouse
Key words: Antibiotics, Intestinal bacterial flora, Germfree mouse Table 1 Susceptibility to various antibiotics Antibiotics Abbreviations ABPC: GM: CET: CEZ: CMZ: LMOX: CMX: Bacteriae used Ampicillin
CHEMOTHERAPY
CHEMOTHERAPY CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Antibacterial activity of Sulbactam/CPZ against standard strains MIC mg/ml Inoculum size 106 CFU/ml * Sulbactam/CPZ= 1: 1 ** Concentration of Sulbactam+ CPZ CHEMOTHERAPY
2) Goetz, A., Tsuneishi, N.: Application of molecular filter membranes to the bacteriological analysis of water, J. Am. Water Works Assn., 43 (12): 943-969,1951. 3) Clark, H.F. et al.: The membrane filter
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of norfioxacin (AM-715)
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of norfioxacin (AM-715) Table 1 Serum and biliary concentration of norfloxacin (AM-715) Table 2 Protocol for clinical evaluation of norfloxacin (AM-715) in the treatment of biliary
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 48-8 Enterococcus avium 5Š, Corynebacterium xerosis 10Š, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 10Š, Corynebacterium
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 48-8 Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Burkholderia cepacia, Flavobacterium spp., Alcaligenes spp. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 48-8 Enterococcus avium 5Š, Corynebacterium
Table 1.Distribution and number of cases with acute upper respiratory tract infections classified according to antimicrobial agents administered Table 2. Distribution of cases which were enrolled to set
Table1MIC of BAY o 9867 against standard strains
Table1MIC of BAY o 9867 against standard strains Fig.2Cumulative and Distribution Curves of MIC (S.aureus 54 strains) 106cfu/ml Fig.3Correlogram of MIC (S.aureus 54 strains) CHEMOTHERAPY 451 Fig.4Cumulative
VOL. 43 NO. 4
VOL. 43 NO. 4 Fig. 1. Frequency of Enterococcus species from complicated UTI, 1988-1992. the number * of Enterococcus species/the number of cases with complicated UTI. Fig. 3 Epidemiologic characteristics
CHEMOTHERAPY DEC Table 1 Antibacterial spectra of T-1982, CTT, CMZ, CTX, CPZ and CEZ 106 CFU/ml Note: P; Peptococcus, S; Streptococcus, G; Gaffk
VOL. 30 S-3 CHEMOTHERAPY imeumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus sp, CHEMOTHERAPY DEC. 1982 Table 1 Antibacterial spectra of T-1982, CTT, CMZ, CTX, CPZ and CEZ 106 CFU/ml Note: P; Peptococcus, S; Streptococcus,
1) Michaelis L. Biochem Z., 59, 78, 1914. 2) Ferris H. C. Dent. Cosmos Phila., 63, 10, 93, 1921. 3) Bloomfield A. L. Bull Johns Hopk. Hosp. Bait., 31, 118, 1920. 4) Starr H. C. J. Biol. Chem. Bait., 54,
CHEMOTHERAPY DEC (NFLX), ofloxacin (OFLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecali
CHEMOTHERAPY DEC. 1988 (NFLX), ofloxacin (OFLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia ma- Fig. 1. Chemical
Some Investigations of Urinary Candidiasis Chujiro YAMAMOTO, M. D., Mitsushi MIZUTANI, M. D. and Tokuro SATO, M. D. From the Department of Urology, Ni
Title 尿路 Candida 症に於ける 2,3 の検索 Author(s) 山本, 忠治郎 ; 水谷, 三 ; 佐藤, 徳郎 Citation 泌尿器科紀要 (1961), 7(3): 394-405 Issue Date 1961-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/112109 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion
Fig.1 Structural formulas of 6059-S(I) and decarboxylated product (11) Fig.2 Standard curve of 6059-S by agar well method Medium:Trypto-soy agar Diluent:0.1M Phosphate buffer,ph 7.0 Fig.3 Standard curves
VOL. 20 NO. 5 CHEMOTHERAPY Methoxy-4-sulfanilamidopyrimidine (OS-3376) Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) Table 1. In vitro antibacterial activities of OS-3
VOL. 20 NO. 5 CHEMOTHERAPY 653 2-Methoxy-4-sulfanilamidopyrimidine (OS-3376) Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) Table 1. In vitro antibacterial activities of OS-3376, SDM, SIZ and SMZ against Gram-positive and negative
CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT. 1970
CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT. 1970 VOL. 18 NO. 5 CHEMOTHERAPY CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT. 1970 VOL. 18 NO. 5 CHEMOTHERAPY 691 692 CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT. 1970 VOL. 78 NO. CHEMOTHERAPY 5 写 真1 第1病 693 写 真4 日 In vitroの しCEZの 第22病
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of TE-031 Code number: TE-031 Chemical name: (-) (3R, 4S, 5S, 6R, 7R, 9R, 11R, 12R, 13S, 14R)-4-[(2, 6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of TE-031 Code number: TE-031 Chemical name: (-) (3R, 4S, 5S, 6R, 7R, 9R, 11R, 12R, 13S, 14R)-4-[(2, 6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-a-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl) oxy]-14-ethyl-12,
Fig. 1 A: Effects of intramuscular injection of glucagon on the blood glucose levels (changes from basal, ƒ BG) as compared with effects of scopolamin
Fig. 1 A: Effects of intramuscular injection of glucagon on the blood glucose levels (changes from basal, ƒ BG) as compared with effects of scopolamine butylbromide during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
1) i) Barber, M. et al.: Brit. Med J, 2, 565, 19'49. ii) Barber, M.F.G. J. Hayhoe and J. E. M. Whithead: Lancet, 1120 `1125, 1949.-2) Bergey: Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 7 th Ed: (1958).-3)
CHEMOTHERAPY APR. 1984
VOL.32 S-3 CHEMOTHERAPY dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1, 8-naphthyridine- CHEMOTHERAPY APR. 1984 VOL.32 S-3 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1 Implantation rates and post- implantation survival rates in females mated
VOL.39 S-3
VOL.39 S-3 CHEMOTHERAPY SEPT.1991 Table 1. Background of characteristics and allocation of 5 healthy male volunteers in a multiple-dose study on panipenem/betamipron Day 1 Fig. 1. Schedule of multiple-dose
udc-2.dvi
13 0.5 2 0.5 2 1 15 2001 16 2009 12 18 14 No.39, 2010 8 2009b 2009a Web Web Q&A 2006 2007a20082009 2007b200720082009 20072008 2009 2009 15 1 2 2 2.1 18 21 1 4 2 3 1(a) 1(b) 1(c) 1(d) 1) 18 16 17 21 10
Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Welding of Mn-Si Type 2H Steels. Harujiro Sekiguchi and Michio Inagaki Synopsis: The authors performed
Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Welding of Mn-Si Type 2H Steels. Harujiro Sekiguchi and Michio Inagaki Synopsis: The authors performed a series of researches on continuous cooling transformation
CHEMOTHERAPY OCT. 1994 Tazobactam Piperacillin Fig. I. Chemical structures of tazobactam and piperacillin. Table 1. Media used for preculture and MIC determination BHIB: Brain heart infusion broth (Difco),
Jpn.J.Leprosy 67, (1998)
Jpn.J.Leprosy 67,287-291(1998) Fig.1. Macroscopic appearance of the cultured slides stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method. Up to bottom: kept at 4 C, 18 weeks, cultured for 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12
A Nutritional Study of Anemia in Pregnancy Hematologic Characteristics in Pregnancy (Part 1) Keizo Shiraki, Fumiko Hisaoka Department of Nutrition, Sc
A Nutritional Study of Anemia in Pregnancy Hematologic Characteristics in Pregnancy (Part 1) Keizo Shiraki, Fumiko Hisaoka Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima Fetal
untitled
11-19 2012 1 2 3 30 2 Key words acupuncture insulated needle cervical sympathetick trunk thermography blood flow of the nasal skin Received September 12, 2011; Accepted November 1, 2011 I 1 2 1954 3 564-0034
VOL. 40 S- 1 Table 1. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to meropenem Table 2. Coagulase typing of methicillin-resistant St
CHEMOTHERAPY VOL. 40 S- 1 Table 1. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to meropenem Table 2. Coagulase typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CHEMOTHERAPY Table
366 12 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 65 6 Dec. 2012 1 8 DNA 2,3 16 12 20 171 2008 12 2010 11 2 3,558 4.44% 1.65% 1.17% 90% 9 Escherichia coli -
Dec. 2012 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 65 6 365 11 sita oxacin 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 3 2012 9 14 sita oxacin STFX 50 mg 10% 2008 1 2008 12 2010 11 2 STFX 1,452 91.4% 1,235/1,351 95.9% 466/486
On the Wireless Beam of Short Electric Waves. (VII) (A New Electric Wave Projector.) By S. UDA, Member (Tohoku Imperial University.) Abstract. A new e
On the Wireless Beam of Short Electric Waves. (VII) (A New Electric Wave Projector.) By S. UDA, Member (Tohoku Imperial University.) Abstract. A new electric wave projector is proposed in this paper. The
Effect of Cooking Water ph on Commercial Sterility in the Production of Cooked Rice Packed under Semi-aseptic Condition Kinya SAKUMAl, Haruhiko KATODA1, Tetsuya FUKAYA2, Toshio JOH3, Akira IT03 and Atsuo
国土技術政策総合研究所 研究資料
ISSN TECHNICAL NOTE of National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management No256 September 2005 Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Seawalls for Controlled Waste Disposal Shingo KANO, Katsuya
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XXII-4 Aug. viable cell number was counted, the number decreased remarkably, then increasedrapidly number as the c
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS XXII-4 Aug. viable cell number was counted, the number decreased remarkably, then increasedrapidly number as the control. to the same (2) The some results were obtained
FA FA FA FA FA 5 FA FA 9
30 29 31 1993 2004 The process of the labor negotiations of Japan Professional Baseball Players Association, 1993 2004 ABE Takeru Graduate School of Social Science, Hitotsubashi University Abstract The
T05_Nd-Fe-B磁石.indd
Influence of Intergranular Grain Boundary Phases on Coercivity in Nd-Fe-B-based Magnets Takeshi Nishiuchi Teruo Kohashi Isao Kitagawa Akira Sugawara Hiroyuki Yamamoto To determine how to increase the coercivity
DISTRIBUTION OF NEUROPEPTIDES IN THE INFERIOR NASAL TURBINATE MUCOSA OF PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS KAZUHIRO YAMAMOTO. M.D. Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara
15) Egawa, R., Sawai, T. and Mit.uhashi, S.: Jap. J. Microbiol., 11 : 173-178, 1967. 16) Tanaka, T. and Hashimoto, H., Nagai, Y. and Mitsuhashi, S.: Jap. J. Microbiol., 11: 155-162, 1967. 17) Mitsuhashi,
pneumoniae 30, C. freundii 32, E. aerogenes 27, E. cloacae 32, P. mirabilis 31, P. vulgaris 34, M. morganii 32, S. marcescens 31, H. influenzae 27, P.
pneumoniae 30, C. freundii 32, E. aerogenes 27, E. cloacae 32, P. mirabilis 31, P. vulgaris 34, M. morganii 32, S. marcescens 31, H. influenzae 27, P. aeruginosa 30, P. maltophilia pyogenes 32, Escherichia