( ) MIT ( ) [7] UC Berkeley ( ) [8] 2 [9] S/V 2. 多孔質触媒層を有するマイクロコンバスタ [10,11] [12] [13] [14] 2 ( 3 mm ) 1 mm [15] 3 [12] ( 3) 1 μm 5

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1 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.55 No.174 (2013) SERIAL LECTURE Science & Technology in Micro Combustion IV 多孔質触媒層マイクロコンバスタとマイクロコジェネの開発 Development of Porous Catalyst Layer Microcombustor and Micro-Cogeneration System * TAKAHASHI Shuhei* Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu , Japan Abstract : Development of a microcombustor with platinum porous catalyst layer and a cogeneration system using thermoelectric (TE) modules is introduced. In order to overcome the huge heat loss due to the small size of combustion field, catalyst combustion has been adopted because it has great advantage under the condition where the surface/volume ratio becomes large. To develop the monolithic porous structure of platinum, platinum powder is sintered in fuel-air mixture; the heat from the surface reaction melts the particles and makes agglomerates. The combustor is 5W class, but the heat release density of the combustor is 5GW/m 3, which is comparable to that of conventional turbulent combustor. We couple the combustor with TE modules to convert the thermal energy to electricity. The TE modules are also preferable for small size generators because their characteristics that they use the heat flux from the hot zone to the surroundings match microcombustion. The output of the developed cogenerator is 165mW for thermal input of 4.7W; the final conversion ratio from fuel enthalpy to electricity reaches 3.5%. After integrating the micro-blower to supply air to the combustor, the cogeneration system shows the final efficiency of 1.7%. Key Words : Microcombustor, Catalyst, Porous, Cogeneration, Thermoelectric module 1. はじめに 50 [1] MEMS (Power MEMS) 10 [2-6] * Corresponding author. shuhei@gifu-u.ac.jp cc ( 6.02 mm 5.74 mm) 5 W (COX : TeeDee01) 1.5 % ( 1 ) MIT [7] UC Berkeley [8] ( 1 ) (57)

2 ( ) MIT ( ) [7] UC Berkeley ( ) [8] 2 [9] S/V 2. 多孔質触媒層を有するマイクロコンバスタ [10,11] [12] [13] [14] 2 ( 3 mm ) 1 mm [15] 3 [12] ( 3) 1 μm 5 mm 4 SEM SEM (58)

3 高橋周平 多孔質触媒層マイクロコンバスタとマイクロコジェネの開発 375 ていることが分かる この凝集過程は 各粒子間のネック部分を通じて壁面へ 放熱する熱量が 発熱量とバランスする時点で終了するた め 供給する予混合気の種類や当量比を調整することで 凝集終了時の構造をある程度制御することが可能である 図 5 は 粒径が 1 μ m の白金粒子 (融点 2041 K) パラジ ウム粒子 (融点 1828 K) をメタン 空気予混合気および DME 空気予混合気を用いて 当量比を変化させて焼結し た結果であるが 量論比に近いほど細孔サイズが大きいこ と また融点のより低いパラジウムでは 細孔がつぶれて 多孔質構造が消滅していることが分かる また DME で 焼結させると細孔がより緻密で 当量比 1 でも微細構造が 保たれることが分かる 内径 0.8 mm のセラミックス管に白金を触媒として担持 させ 当量比 1.0 のメタン 空気予混合気で燃焼器を作動 させたときの様子を図 6 に 諸元を表 1 に示す[14] 燃料 および空気はマスフローコントローラで供給し 燃焼器へ の着火は触媒担持部を外部から加熱することにより行っ た 表 1 に示されるように 本燃焼器は発熱部における発 図4 熱密度が 5 GW/m と 乱流燃焼を用いた燃焼器と同程度に 3 図5 焼結前 (上) と焼結後 (下) の触媒層の SEM 画像 (当量比 1.6 のメタン 空気予混合気で焼結) 白金粒子およびパラジウム粒子に対して 燃料 当量比を変えて焼結させたときの触媒層の SEM 画像 (59)

4 ( ) ( ) K 1100 K 10 anchoring 90 % [16] 7 n- DME [17] DME mm K n- DME 300 K (60)

5 SEM ( ) 1.0 ( ) DME mm K K K n- DME W 373 K ( 1.0) 5 SEM SEM DME DME 7 9 (61)

6 DME SEM 3. 熱電モジュールを利用したマイクロコジェネの開発 1 ( ) (1) ZT ZT 1 [18] (1) λ ρ α T Bi-Te T 300 K ZT 1 12 ( ) ηmax (2) ZT (2) Bi-Te Bi-Te 12 ( ) 2 (1MD ) 2 (1MD RMT Ltd.) Ω 10 Ω 2.87 % n- DME (62)

7 K 13 ( ) ( ) 5 W 150 mw DME 3.52 % 13 DME W 199 mw (1.41 V ma) 4.2 % % 3.5 % 420 Wh/ kg (170 Wh/kg) % Z = ZT = 0.7 (2) 5.0 % 90 % 93 % 4 % Bi-Te 800 K ( ) ZT 1 10 % ZT K ZT 1 10 % 7 (63)

8 ( 13 W 23.8 sccm 226 sccm) 3 15 W W mm 12 ( mm ) 15 W ( 15) 1.0 mm 17 (1MD ) V 85 % DC-DC (LM2735: ) 3.5 % 12 V 13 W 220 mw 13 W DC-DC 12 V mw ( 3.4 % ) 213 mw 223 mw 1.73 % 1 (64)

9 381 1/30 4. まとめ Bi-Te S/V 10 % 1 謝辞 NEDO (08C46545c) 2 References 1. Fernandez-Pello, A.C., Proc. Combust Institute 29: (2002). 2., 55(171): (2013). 3.,, 55(172): (2013). 4.,, 55(172): (2013). 5.,,,, 55(173): (2013). 6., 55(173): (2013). 7. Waitz, I.A., Gauba G. and Yang, S.T., ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering 120: (1998). 8. Fu, K., Knobloch, A.J., Martinez, F.C., Walther, D.C., Fernandez-Pello, A.C., Pisano, A.P., Liepmann, D., Proc ASME Int. Mech. Eng. Congress and Exposition, New York (2001). 9. Yoshida, K., Tanaka, S., Tomonari, S., Satoh, D., Esashi, M., J. Microelectromechanical systems 15: (2006). 10. Ahn, J., Eastwood, C., Sitzki, L., Ronney, P.D., Proc. Combus. Institute 30: (2005). 11. Kim, N.I., Aizumi, S., Yokomori, T., Kato, S., Fujimori, T., Maruta, K., Proc. Combust. Institute 31: (2007). 12. Kamijo, T., Suzuki, Y., Kasagi, N., Okamasa, T., Proc. Combust. Institute 32: (2009). 13. Shimokuri, D., Honda, Y., Ishizuka, S., Proc. Combust. Institute 32: (2011). 14. Takahashi, S. and Wakai, K., 45th AIAA/ ASME/ SAE/ ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, AIAA , (2009). 15.,,,, 42 : (2004). 16. Sugie, K., Takahashi, S., Ihara, T., Wakai, K., Proc. 8th ASPACC, Hyderabad: (2010). 17.,,,, (B ) 77(776): , (2011). 18.,, (2008). (65)

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