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17 Burgess, E. W. (1925) The growth of the city, an introduction to a research project. Park, R. E, and Burgess, E. W. eds.: The city. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF METROPOLITAN TOKYO AS SEEN FROM THE DISTRIBUTION OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSES Akio BITO* The present study attempts to clarify the regional structure of Metropolitan Tokyo through a statistical analysis of owner-occupied houses. The choice of owner-occupied house was based on two reasons: (1) The distribution of owner -occupied houses reflects well the sur rounding environmental conditions, since home buyers carefully examine living conditions and the structures which are built and held for a longer period than rental units ; they also represent a large capita] investment. This evaluation process by the purchaser conforms well to our analysis. (2) Rented properties do not represent the characteristics of a given are a and therefore, they do not constitute the object of this study. Within the 50 kilometer radius of Tokyo Station, there are many rural districts where no rental houses are f ound. Moreover, the number of rental properties varies considerably from one district to the other. The first step in the analysis consists in examining the distribution of owner -occupied houses. The density of owner-occupied houses, and their ratio to the total number of houses are based on the direction from Tokyo Station. The second step consists in selectively the environ mental elements of the dwelling as indices that give the regional characteristic s. The spatial division of Metropolitan Tokyo was based on the relationships between the number of house holds and the environmental conditions. In this step, the principal component analysis is applied to gain an understanding of the regional elements responsible for the environmental conditions of owner-occupied houses. Then, a regression analysis is applied to the number of these households and the principal component scores in order to clarify the characteri stics of the region. The distribution pattern of owner-occupied houses in the Tokyo's commuting regio n is well explained by the first principal component that indicates the central working district s. the regression analysis is applied to the number of households and the scores of the first prin cipal component, in order to regionalize the Tokyo commuting region. The multiple regres Thus, sion analysis is then performed with the number of households and the second, third, fourth, and fifth principal components. These indicate the land conditions, suburban farming vil lages, paddy rice farming villages, and the uplands respectively. Geographical Review of Japan 58(Ser. A) ` * University of Tsukuba.

18 The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. According to the direction from Tokyo Station, the high housing density districts domi nate in the southern and the western sectors, and they are less so in the northern and eastern sectors. This tendency is especially true in the districts with less than 1, 000 houses. The highest housing density districts are located along the ring road No. 6 (Fig. 1). 2. According to the direction and distance from Tokyo Station, all the north-northeastern sectors show the highest ratios of owner-occupied houses. The north-northwestern, northnortheastern and cast-northeastern sectors, on the other hand, possess a substantial mixture of rented and owner-occupied houses within the 20 kilometer radius, while the ratio of owneroccupied houses decreases with increasing distance from Tokyo Station. In the west-northwestern and west-southwestern sectors, however, the mixing ratio of owner-occupied houses remains relatively unchanged with the distance from Tokyo Station, reflecting the relatively homogeneous residential area characteristics (Fig. 2). 3. In terms of regression analysis, residuals applied to the number of owner-occupied house holds and the principal component scores, the Tokyo commuting region is divided into four regions: (1) area of concentration of working districts, (2) residential districts dominated by working districts, (3) area of concentration of residential districts and (4) area of equal mix ture between working and residential districts. It is also clear that the first three areas form concentric zones, centered around the Imperial Palace. The zones stretch outward for 12 kilometers from the palace, and they bulge to a certain extent to the west. In the eastern region, excepting the area within four kilometers from the Imperial Palace, the working and residen tial districts mix with each other, regardless of distance (Fig. 4). 4. To elucidate the land use pattern outside the Tokyo commuting region, 114 districts with high residual values are investigated. Among them, 84 districts are selected for further analysis because of their characteristic land use patterns. The eastern sector is characterized by unique activities, such as, aquaculture and dairy farming, the northern sector by factories or factory-related facilities, the northwestern sector by various urban land uses, including hos pitals, athletic facilities, etc., and factories or factory related facilities, and finally the south western sector by fatories or factory related facilities (Fig. 5). 5. The regional structure of Metropolitan Tokyo consists of three distinct regions: the western region, located within a radius of 12 kilometers from the Imperial Palace and having a close relationship with the center of Tokyo; the eastern region, excepting the four-kilo meter area from the Imperial Palace and the area along the railroads from Tokyo, possesses weak relations to the center of Tokyo and shows a sectorial structure Lying outside these areas is an outer region with strong links to the land conditions and agricultural forming a sectorial structure (Fig. 6). land use, (Key words: Metropolitan Tokyo, regional structure, owner-occupied houses, principal component analysis, regression analysis)

remained dispersedly in the surrounding CBD areas. However, few hotels were located in the core of Sendai's CBD near the station because this area had

remained dispersedly in the surrounding CBD areas. However, few hotels were located in the core of Sendai's CBD near the station because this area had Journal of Geography 105(5) 613-628 1996 Locational Characteristics of Lodging Facilities in Sendai City Koumei MATSUMURA * Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the centrality of Sendai City