生殖技術をめぐる倫理

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かずまさもちやま
5 years ago
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12 23) 1992 Mary Warnock, A Question of Life: The Warnock Report on Human Fertilisation & Embryology, 1985 Tom L. Beauchamp & LeRoy Walters eds. Contemporary Issues in Bioethics (A Division of Wadsworth,Inc. Belmont & California, 19823,19944). Cf. Arthur L. Caplan, The Ethics of In Vitro Fertilization (1986) as reprinted in Beauchamp & Walters eds. op. cit. 1994, p.221. Cf. R. M. Hare, In Vitro Fertilization and the Warnock Report (1987) from Essays on Bioethics (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993), pp Ibid. p.107. Ibid. p.117. Cf. ibid. pp I. Kant, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, ed. by K.Vorländer (Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg, 1965), p.52. Cf. Tom L. Beauchamp & James F. Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics (Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, 1994 ), p Cf. Hare, op. cit. p Cf. A. Schopenhauer, Die Wel t als Wille und Vorstellung, ed. by A. Hübscher

13 (Brockhaus, Wiedesbaden, 19723), pp Joseph Fletcher, The Ethics of Genetic Control (Prometheus Books, Buffalo & New York, 1988), Introduction pp P. Singer & D. Wells, The Reproduction Revolution (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1984), p Warnock Committee, Infertility from Beauchamp & Walters eds. op. cit. 1994, p Cf. Ruth F. Chadwick ed. Ethics, Reproduction, and Genetic Control (Routledge, London & New York, 1987), pp Cf. I. Kant, Ausgewählte kleine Schriften, ed. by K. Vorländer (Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg, 1969), p Cf. F. Engels, Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats (Dietz Verlag, Berlin, 1946), p Reproductive Technologies and Ethics Evalution of the Warnock Committee Report Fumio MATSUI A detail report was issued by the committee under the leadership of Mary Warnock in This report addressed guidelines on how we should treat reproductive technologis, such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy and so on. The most important of them are two; one to permit some experimentation on embryos up to two weeks, the other to forbid professional or administrative assistance, whether commercial or non-commercial, for surrogate mothering. These guidelines have been strongly criticized by various people. Especially, R. M. Hare criticizes the report of not giving cogent reasons for them. From point of view of intutionism the committee adopts, however, it is natural that we should be unable to do so. The report is willing to tolerate infertility by which the psychological distress may be caused in a couple. Because

14 infertility, that is, an inability to have children is considered as a malfunction. Reproductive technologies which apply to the treatment of infertility are artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization and so on, but not surrogacy or cloning. Why is the latter forbidden as the treatment of infertility, the former being permitted? What is the difference? The Warnock Comittee report wil come to be little help to us as rapid progress of technologies. What is wrong with this report? The present paper is intented to explain some points.

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2005 7 2 1 * 1 *1 R. M. Hare, Little Human Guinea-Pigs? in Essays on Bioethics, Clarendon, 1993, pp.132-133 [9] [10] 1 2 ([21]) B IQ 2.1 J.S. J.S. [2] 2 1 2 3 *2 2.2 ([6, 5] *3 ) *2 [30] *3 3 *4 3 3.1