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2 Minimum Output Entropy / Asymptotic Geometric Analysis
3 1
4 1.1 n n 1 ρ M n (C) ρ diag(p 1,..., p n ) Entropy n S(ρ) = p i log p i 1 0 ρ = I/n log n ( ) i=1
5 1.2 Φ : M n (C) M n (C)? 2 σ M nm (C) = M n (C) M m (C) Φ id m (σ) Φ id m m Transpose
6 Stinespring Stinespring Φ(ρ) = Tr C k [V ρv ] V : C n C k C n C k Environment V U U(kn) n U(kn) Haar Tr : L(E) M n (C) C k E = Image(V ) C k C n n L(E) ( )
7 1.3 Minimum Output Entropy / Minimum Output Entropy Φ Minimum Output Entropy ρ S min (Φ) = min S(Φ(ρ)) ρ / Φ, Ω S min (Φ Ω)? = S min (Φ) + S min (Ω) S min (Φ Ω)? < S min (Φ) + S min (Ω) 2008 Hastings
8 ρ, σ S(ρ σ) = S(ρ) + S(σ) S min (Φ Ω) min ρ σ S(Φ Ω(ρ σ)) = S min(φ) + S min (Ω) Entropy = Entropy Output N Φ N S min (Φ N )? = N S min (Φ)
9 Shor 2003 Minimum Output Entropy 1 1 << k << n Minimum Output Entropy Hastings 2008 F, King, Moser 2 ; Brandao, Horodecki Asymptotic Geometric Analysis Aubrun, Szarek, Werner; F Belinschi, Collins, Nechita 1 P. Shor, Comm. Math. Phys., 246(3):453472, (2004) 2 M.F., C. King, D. Moser, Comm. Math. Phys., 296, 1, (2010)
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11 2.1 Asymptotic Geometric Analysis Aubrun, Szarek, Werner 3 4 p > 1 Φ Ω 1 p > Φ 1 p Ω 1 p 1 p Maximum Output p-norm Φ 1 p = max Φ(ρ) p ρ Output Schatten Norm ρ Renyi Entropy 1 1 p log Tr[σp ] = p 1 p log σ p Renyi Entropy p 1 Entropy 3 G. Aubrun, S. Szarek, and E. Werner, Comm. Math. Phys., 305(1):8597, (2011) 4 G. Aubrun, S. Szarek, and E. Werner, J. Math. Phys., 51(2):022102, (2010)
12 Aubrun, Szarek, Werner Φ : V : C d1+1/p C d C d Φ V Φ 1 p = Φ 1 p d 1+1/p Φ Φ 1 p (1) p > 1 n (1) Φ 1 p Φ 1 p < Φ Φ 1 p Dvoretzky U Ū b = b
13 Dvoretzky Dvoretzky (R n, ) E (1 ϵ) M x 2 x (1 + ϵ) M x 2 x E M S n 1 x x Median x C n C n Tr C n[ x x ] = XX p = X 2 2p p Dvoretzky S 2d2 1 x X 2p R Φ Φ( x x ) p d 1+ 1 p Input x x
14 Input Bell Output Bell Bra-Ket b l = l i i i=1 Input C l Output C n Environment C k b n [ Φ Φ( b l b l ) ] b n l kn Aubrun, Szarek, Werner l kn = d1+ 1 p d 2 = d 1+ 1 p Φ Φ 1 p d 1+ 1 p
15 Bell Input Output b n [ Φ Φ( b l b l ) ] b n k = b n ( i, j I n 2)V V b l b l V V T ( i, j I n 2) b n = i,j=1 k ( i, j b n )V V b l b l V V T ( i, j b n ) i,j=1 = b l V V T k i, j i, j b n b n V V b l i,j=1 b l V V T ( b k b k b n b n ) V V b l = b l V V T ( b k b n ) [ l 2 = b 1 2 l i i ] l kn kn i=1 ) ) V V T ( kn i=1 i i = V V I l ( l i=1 i i
16 Dvoretzky Entropy Dudley (Aubrun, Szarek, Werner 5 ) Dvoretzky (F 6 ) p > 2 (Grudka, Horodecki, Pankowski 7 ) 5 G. Aubrun, S. Szarek, E. Werner, Comm. Math. Phys., 305(1):8597, (2011) 6 M.F., Comm. Math. Phys., 332, 2, (2014) 7 A. Grudka, M. Horodecki, L. Pankowski, J. Phys. A, 43(42):425304, 7, (2010)
17 2.2 Belinschi, Collins, Nechita 8 Unitary UP : C tnk C n C k P UP P Support Support tnk 0 < t < 1 Φ Output Tr[Φ( x x )A] = Tr max x [ ] Tr C n[up x x P U ]A = x P U (I A)UP x Tr[Φ( x x )A] = P U (I A)UP? t, k n 8 S. Belinschi, B. Collins, I. Nechita, Commun. Math. Phys., 341: 885, (2016)
18 Collins, Male 9 Poly(U 1, U 1..., U p, U p, Y 1, Y 1,..., Y q, Y q ) Poly(u 1, u 1..., u p, u p, y 1, y 1,..., y q, y q ) U i Haar u i C - Unitary GUE (x i ) p i=1 Poly(x 1,..., x p ) Haagerup and Thorbjørnsen 10 Poly(x 1,..., x p, y 1, y 1,..., y q, y q ) (Male 11 ) 9 B. Collins and C. Male, Ann. Sci. Ec. Norm. Supr. (4), 47(1): , (2014) 10 U. Haagerup and S. Thorbjørnsen, Ann. of Math. (2), 162(2):711775, (2005) 11 C. Male, Prob. Theo. Rela. Fiel.,1-56, June (2011)
19 i,j=1 2.3 ( Ψ(ρ) = 1 k [ Ui ρuj ] i j Ω(ρ) = 1 k U i ρu1 k k ρ = x x M n (C), max x i=1 A = a a M k (C) k Tr [Ψ( x x ) a a ] = max x ā i a j Uj U i x x i,j=1 k 2 = ā i U i i=1 k 2 ā i u i Akemann, Ostrand 12 : Ω 1 = Ψ 1 i=1 12 C. Akemann, P. Ostrand, Amer. J. Math., 98.4, , (1976) )
20 3
21 3.1 Minimum Output Entropy N? 1 N S ( Φ N) N Φ N Brannan, Collins Quantum Group 13 Output 13 M. Brannan, B. Collins, arxiv: [math-ph]
22 3.2 - Meander Di Francesco x C r C n C n 2. C r x x Trace XX M n 2(C) 3. 2 C n Transpose [XX ] Γ M n 2(C) 14 P. Di Francesco, Rand. matr. mode. appl., volume 40 of Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ., pages CUP, (2001)
23 [XX ] Γ 2n Moment Meander 15 M (k) n n k=1 r k M (k) n 2n k Meander Meander F, P. Sniady, J. Math. Phys., 54, (2013) 16 F, I. Nechita, arxiv: [math.co].
24 4 CHISTERA/BMBF project CQC John Templeton Foundation (ID#48322) JSPS JP16K00005
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