12 sⅡ Main ChaptersII Trade by Major Country and Region 13 Trade by Major Country and Region % 45% % % 4.8 9% 4.2 9% 1.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "12 sⅡ Main ChaptersII Trade by Major Country and Region 13 Trade by Major Country and Region % 45% % % 4.8 9% 4.2 9% 1."

ゆあありたけ
4 years ago
Views:

1 12 sⅡ Main ChaptersIITrade by Major Country and Region 13 Trade by Major Country and Region 72..1%45% 4.1% % 4.89% 4.29%1.7% %8,1 22%8,213% 32.12% % LNG 3.48%9,4 31%5,4 1% 3.5%2.33% 8,22%1,66% 7.9 1%2 7. Electrical 9. Others Electrical 9. Others 2. Raw Materials Trade with Asia (28) 3. Mineral 5. Manufact ured Goods 8. Transport 3. Mineral 8. Transport 5. Manufact ured Goods Taiwan Hong Kong R.Korea Philippines Malaysia Indonesia Singapore Viet Nam Notes9. 9. Malaysia Indonesia Viet Nam India China R.Korea Philippines Taiwan ( 1 billion) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1. Asia: edge up to new record high Despite the impact from the worsening of the global economy, in 28 Japan's trade with Asia rose.1% year-on-year to post a record high 72. trillion, accounting for 45% of Japan's total foreign trade. (1) Countries and Regions of Asia (excluding China) to Asia were basically steady, slipping 1% to 4. trillion, which is the second highest level on record. On a volume basis, exports to Asia had been posting double-digit growth since the third quarter of 27, but slowed markedly from the second quarter of 28 and turned to a decline in the fourth quarter. As a result the volume of exports to Asia rose by 2% for the full year. By destination, exports to Taiwan and Hong Kong both declined by 9%, dropping to 4.8 trillion and 4.2 trillion respectively with slumps in exports of (Power Generating Machines; Computers & Units) and Electrical (Audio & Visual Apparatus; Semiconductors Etc.). Similarly, exports to the Philippines dropped 7% to 1. trillion. In contrast, exports to Indonesia rose 23% to 1.3 trillion, with double-digit growth in exports of (Power Generating Machines) and Manufactured Goods (Iron & Steel Products). to Vietnam were up 22% to 81. billion while exports to India rose 13% to 82. billion. from Asia rose slightly, edging up 2% to 32.1 trillion to post a new record high and the tenth consecutive increase. On a volume basis, imports from Asia rose 1% for the full year. After having fallen during all four quarters of 27 the import volume rose in the first quarter of 28. This increase was short-lived, however, and volume declined again from the second quarter. By country, imports from Indonesia rose 8% to 3.4 trillion and imports from Vietnam jumped 31% to 94. billion on large increases in imports of Mineral (Liquefied Natural Gas [LNG], Petroleum, Coal, etc.). from India rose 1% to 54. billion with large increases in imports of Foodstuffs (Cereals & Cereal Preparations). In contrast, imports from South Korea dropped 5% to 3. trillion and imports from Taiwan fell 3% to 2.3 trillion with declines in imports of Electrical (Semiconductors Etc.) from both countries. from Singapore slipped 2% to 82. billion while imports from Hong Kong were down 6% to 16. billion. Japan's balance of trade surplus with Asia declined 1% to 7.9 trillion, narrowing in 28 after it had expanded in the previous year, as Japanese exports to Asia held flat while imports from Asia rose slightly. Trade with Asia % Notes:/ Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 8.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Fluctuations of Indexes for from Asia Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 8.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q

2 14 sⅡ Main ChaptersIITrade by Major Country and Region %61%9.% %17% 13.1% % 4,813% 16.75%4,23%5,4% 9,515%2.15% 1.12% 1,914%3.36% 1.61% % 134 1% 7,1 23%46.415%2,5 21% %1,721% %8235%2,2 56%434,34% 2,21%8,9 11%1.93% 1.915%3 3.Mineral 8.Transport 6. 7.Electrical Trade with China (28) 6. 3.Mineral 8.Transport Notes9. 9. (2) China: Maintains position as Japan's top trading partner In 28 the Chinese economy grew at an annual rate of 9%, slowing markedly from the 13% posted in 27 and falling below 1% for the first time in six years. While Japan's trade with China was affected by the global economic slowdown, it held steady, slipping.3% year-on-year to 27.8 trillion, and accounted for 17% of Japan's total trade value. to China were basically flat, moving up 1% to 13. trillion and reaching a new record high for the tenth consecutive year. On a volume basis, exports to China had been posting double-digit growth from the second quarter of 27 through the second quarter of 28, but slowed in the third quarter and turned to a decline in the fourth quarter. As a result, the volume of exports to China rose by 8% for the full year. By product category, exports of Mineral rose 13% to 48. billion, reflecting the increased exports of Petroleum Products in the first half to meet the special demand from the Beijing 28 Olympic Games. Transport rose 15% to 95. billion on strong exports of Motor Vehicles in the first half. Motor Vehicles were up 3% to 42. billion (up 5% to 167, units), and Parts of Motor Vehicles rose 4% to 5. billion. of Manufactured Goods rose 5% to 2.1 trillion. However, exports of Electrical dropped 6% to 3.3 trillion as Semiconductors Etc. dropped 12% to 1. trillion and Telephony & Telegraphy fell 14% to 19. billion. of Chemicals were down 1% to 1.6 trillion. from China eased 1% to 14.8 trillion, posting the first drop in a decade. On a volume basis, imports from China were flat in the first three quarters and then fell in the fourth quarter to register a decline of 1% for the full year. By product category, imports of Foodstuffs fell sharply, dropping 23% to 71. billion on growing concerns inside Japan regarding food safety. In detail, Fish & Fish Preparations were down 21% to 25. billion (down 15% to 464, tons), Vegetables were down 21% to 17. billion (down 19% to 1,259, tons), and Meat & Meat Preparations were down 35% to 82. billion (down 38% to 189, tons) In contrast, imports of Mineral rose 4% to 43. billion as Coal rose 56% to 22. billion and Petroleum tripled to 4. billion. of Chemicals rose 11% to 89. billion, with imports of Organic Chemicals rising 21% to 2. billion. of Manufactured Goods were up 3% to 1.9 trillion. Japan's balance of trade deficit with China contracted 15% to 1.9 trillion, narrowing for the third consecutive year. Trade with China % Fluctuations of Indexes for to China Fluctuations of Indexes for from China Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 8.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 27.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 8.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Notes:/

3 16 sⅡ Main ChaptersIITrade by Major Country and Region % % 21 7%12311%15% 243% BRICs % 6,13%4,18% 3,311%2,821% 23,43% 2,46% 8.4% %2 8,64% 5% 1,816%5,3 11%4,215%4,1 14% 78.65% % 8.Transport 6. 7.Electrical 3.Mineral Trade with U.S. (28) 7.Electrical 6. 8.Transport 3.Mineral Notes The United States: down sharply on economic slowdown to the U.S. posted a double-digit decline in 28 as the U.S. economy slowed under the financial crisis that began from the subprime mortgage crisis. The total value of Japan's trade with the U.S. also dropped 12% year-on-year to 22.3 trillion, resulting in a wider gap with Japan's trade with China ( 27.8 trillion), which replaced the U.S. as Japan's top trade partner in 27. The U.S. entered a recession in 28 against the background of the financial crisis, with major slumps in personal consumption, housing starts, and capital investment. As a result, exports to the U.S. fell markedly, dropping 16% to 14.2 trillion and posting a decline for the second consecutive year. By quarter, exports were down 7% in the first quarter, 11% in the second quarter, 15% in the third quarter and 3% in the fourth quarter. Also, in 28 Japan's total exports to the four BRIC countries surpassed exports to the U.S. for the first time. By product category, exports of Motor Vehicles, which accounted for 3% of the total, were down sharply, falling 2% to 4.2 trillion. Many other product categories posted double-digit declines: Power Generating Machines dropped 13% to 6. billion, Audio & Visual Apparatus fell 18% to 4. billion, Semiconductors Etc. were down 11% to 33. billion, and Personal Computers and other Computers & Units declined 21% to 28. billion. of Scientific & Optical Instruments were down slightly, off 3% to 34. billion. Conversely, exports of Iron & Steel Products rose 6% to 24. billion. With the slowdown in the Japanese economy, imports from the U.S. fell 4% to 8. trillion, posting the first decline in four years. By product category, imports of Foodstuffs, which accounted for one quarter of the total, posted a double-digit increase, rising 13% to 1.9 trillion. This was largely because, with the sudden increase in food prices in the first half, imports of Cereals & Cereal Preparations jumped 4% to 86. billion. On a volume basis, the increase in imports of Foodstuffs was only 5%. of the Raw Materials item Soy Beans for feed rose 16% to 18. billion also due to price hikes. Conversely, imports of Aircraft (down 11% to 53. billion), Semiconductors Etc. (down 15% to 42. billion), and Scientific & Optical Instruments (down 14% to 41. billion) all posted substantial declines. Japan's balance of trade surplus with the U.S. began to contract in 27, falling 5% from the 26 balance to 8.6 trillion, and then narrowed sharply in 28, dropping 28% to 6.2 trillion. This was mostly caused by the large decline in exports to the U.S. Trade with the U.S Fluctuations of Indexes for from the U.S. % Fluctuations of Indexes for to the U.S Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 7.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Notes/ SourceCompiled from MOF's Trade Statistics on a Customs-cleared Basis Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 7.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q

4 18 sⅡ Main ChaptersIITrade by Major Country and Region 19 EU 8EU6 9 EU18.77% 17%24% 33%43% % 2.813% 2.91%2.46% 444%29% 2.57%1.711% 9,35% 7.35%9 7,45%66 26%4617%1,32% 1.91% 9,97%7,5%5,7 21%3,12% 2.26%1.17%7,7 13% EU4.113% 3 Trade with EU (28) 3. The European Union: and imports both turn to declines The EU economy suddenly decelerated in 28 under the effects of the financial crisis that began from the U.S. Japan's exports to the EU declined for the first time in six years. Moreover, with the domestic economic slump, Japan's imports from the EU declined for the first time in nine years. Consequently, Japan's trade with the EU was sluggish, dropping 7% year-on-year to 18.7 trillion. to the EU rose 7% in the first quarter, holding firm from the previous year, but fell in the second and third quarters (down 4% and 3%, respectively) and then plunged to a double-digit drop of 3% in the fourth quarter. For the full year, exports to the EU turned to a decline, falling 8% to 11.4 trillion. By category, exports of Motor Vehicles and other Transport declined 13% to 2.8 trillion. of dropped 1% to 2.9 trillion, and exports of Electrical were off 6% to 2.4 trillion. The declines in exports were particularly pronounced in the fourth quarter, when Motor Vehicles plunged 44% and Electrical dropped 29%. By country, exports to top importers and almost all other destinations dropped, with exports to Germany down 7% to 2.5 trillion, exports to the United Kingdom down 11% to 1.7 trillion, and exports to France down 5% to 93. billion. from the EU posted the first decline in nine years, falling 5% to 7.3 trillion. By product category, imports of Foodstuffs rose 5% to 74. billion. In detail, Fish & Fish Preparations rose 26% to 66. billion, Cereals & Cereal Preparations were up 17% to 46. billion, and Meat & Meat Preparations were down 2% to 13. billion. of Medical Products and other Chemicals were flat, rising 1% to 1.9 trillion. In contrast, imports were down in the following categories: fell 7% to 99. billion, Electrical declined 5% to 7. billion, Motor Vehicles dropped 21% to 57. billion, and Scientific & Optical Instruments slid 2% to 31. billion. By country, imports from the leading EU countries fell substantially, including imports from Germany (down 6% to 2.2 trillion), France (down 7% to 1.1 trillion), and the UK (down 13% to 77. billion). Japan's balance of trade surplus with the EU fell for the first time in three years, dropping 13% to 4.1 trillion, as the decline in Japanese exports to the EU exceeded the decline in imports from the EU. 8.Transport 6. 7.Electrical 5.Manufact ured Goods 3.Mineral 8.Transport 6. 2.Raw Materials 7.Electrical 3.Mineral UK Spain Germany Italy Ireland Notes9. 9. Germany UK France Ireland Sweden Netherlands Switzerland Trade with EU % Fluctuations of Indexes for to EU Fluctuations of Indexes for from EU Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 8.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 27.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 8.1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q Notes:/

5 2 sⅡ Main ChaptersIITrade by Major Country and Region WTI %4 4%2.962% % 1.825% 6,38%2,14% UAE1.119%8,13% 4,138% 17.33% 419% 17.13%98% 33% %LNG LPG1.138% 2% 5.328%UAE4.928% 2.838%1.636% % Trade with Middle East (28) 8.Transport 6. 3.Mineral 3.Mineral 2.Raw Materials UAE Oman Iran Saudi Arabia Kuwait Notes9. 9. Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE Qatar Kuwait Iran Israel Yemen Bahrain 4. Middle East: trade value exceeds 2 trillion as imports jump from sharp hike in crude oil prices during first half Japan's trade with the Middle East in 28 was buffeted by wild fluctuations in crude oil prices throughout the year. The per-barrel price of crude oil (West Texas Intermediate) surpassed $1 at the start of the year, reached a record high $147 in July, and subsequently plunged, dropping below $4 in December. As a result, on a value basis Japan's trade with the Middle East rose by 94% year-on-year for the first three quarters in total, and then declined by 4% in the fourth quarter. For the full year, Japan's trade with the Middle East was up 62% to 2.9 trillion. to the Middle East increased 14% to 3.5 trillion. While exports rose for the eighth consecutive year, the rate of growth eased in the fourth quarter from the influence of the financial crisis and the sudden drop in crude oil prices in the second half. By product category, the growth was led by exports of Motor Vehicles, which rose 25% to 1.8 trillion. of Construction Machines and other were firm, moving up 8% to 63. billion. of Iron & Steel Products, however, fell 14% to 2. billion. By country, exports rose to countries across the region including exports to the UAE (up 19% to 1.1 trillion), Saudi Arabia (up 3% to 81. billion) and Oman (up 38% to 41. billion). from the Middle East rose a stiff 3% to 17.3 trillion for the full year on the sharp rise in crude oil prices during the first half. With the decline in crude oil prices in the second half, however, imports from the Middle East turned to a decline in the fourth quarter, falling by 19%. By product category, imports of Mineral, which accounted for nearly all the imports (98%), rose 3% to 17.1 trillion. In particular, the value of Petroleum imports rose 33% to 14.1 trillion as prices jumped 33% while the volume of Petroleum imports remained basically flat. of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) both declined on a volume basis and rose on a value basis as a result of price hikes. LNG imports rose 38% to 1.1 trillion, and LPG imports rose 2%, also to 1.1 trillion. By country, there was double-digit growth in imports from countries throughout the Middle East including Saudi Arabia (up 28% to 5.3 trillion), the UAE (up 28% to 4.9 trillion), Qatar (up 38% to 2.8 trillion), and Kuwait (up 36% to 1.6 trillion). Japan's balance of trade deficit with the Middle East greatly expanded, rising 35% to 13.8 trillion, due to the dramatic rise in imports.

6 22 sⅡ Main ChaptersIITrade by Major Country and Region % 4.23%716% 411%1 38% 1.14% 2 2 5%6,131% ,4% 2.81%7 9,27% 2 8,314% 4,7% 51.41% Mexico Brasil Chile Argentina Trade with Latin America (28) Mexico Brasil Chile Argentina 5. Latin America: up slightly, imports down marginally Japan's trade with Latin America rose slightly in 28, moving up 1% year-on-year to 7.1 trillion. For the full year 28, exports to Latin America rose 3% to 4.2 trillion. This rate of growth was down sharply from the 16% recorded in 27, but is still solid as an annual rate. The fourth quarter exports, however, dropped 11%, indicating an abrupt slowing in exports compared with the 8% total increase realized over the first three quarters. By country, exports to Mexico declined 14% to 1. trillion. In the trade with Mexico, exports of Electrical were down sharply, mostly because of a slump in Audio & Visual Apparatus (including parts), and exports of Transport fell by more than 1% with declines in Motor Vehicles and Parts of Motor Vehicles. Meanwhile, exports of rose slightly as exports of Power Generating Machines doubled. of Iron & Steel Products posted a double-digit increase. to Brazil leaped 31% to 61. billion as Brazil's economy grew by more than 5% on firm personal consumption and other domestic demand. Looking at the exports to Brazil by category, Iron & Steel Products were up by about 7%. exports rose by about 3%, with strong performance in Power Generating Machines and Metalworking. Transport exports also rose by about 3%, with a large increase in Motor Vehicles and an increase in Parts of Motor Vehicles. to Argentina moved up 4% to 1. billion, rising for the sixth consecutive year, with a double-digit increase in exports of Motor Vehicles along with increases in exports of Power Generating Machines, Mechanical Handling, and other. from Latin America slipped by a marginal 1% to 2.8 trillion, posting their first decline in seven years. By country, imports from Brazil rose 27% to 9. billion, lifted by higher imports of products including Iron Ore & Concentrates, Iron & Steel Products, and Meat & Meat Preparations, especially chicken. On the other hand, aluminum and other Nonferrous Metals imports fell by double digits, while imports of Coffee and Fruits were both weak. from Chile turned to a decline, falling 14% to 83. billion. Although imports of Wood & Cork Manufactures and Nonferrous Metals increased, imports of Foodstuffs, Ore of Nonferrous Metals, and other main items were lackluster. from Mexico were firm, rising 7% to 4. billion, supported by higher imports of equipment and machinery such as Motor Vehicles, Telephony & Telegraphy, and Computers & Units, combined with conspicuous increases in imports of Nonferrous Metals and Chemicals. Japan's balance of trade surplus with Latin America rose 1% to 1.4 trillion, expanding for the fifth consecutive year.

7 24 sⅡ Main ChaptersIITrade by Major Country and Region % 5.6% % %7 2.1%71.5%4 36%135% % % 1.236%953% 9316%4965% % 2 5,319%21,2 21,647%8,133% 31,311% 2,812% 5848% 3, Transport 7.Electrical Trade with Russia (28) 3.Mineral 2.Raw Materials Notes Russia: Trade with Russia exceeds 3 trillion In 28 the Russian economy grew at an annual rate of 5.6%, slowing under the effects of the U.S. financial crisis from the 8.1% achieved in 27 (Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development statistics) but remaining firm nonetheless. Japan's exports to Russia climbed nearly 4% year-on-year as the Russian economy continued to enjoy good performance in the first half. Japan's imports from Russia posted a double-digit increase, supported by the rise in Mineral imports under the sharp hike in crude oil prices. As a result, the total value of Japan's trade with Russia rose 24% to pass the 3 trillion mark, reaching 3.1 trillion. to Russia rose 36% to 1.7 trillion in 28, posting outstanding growth for the second consecutive year and pushing up Russia's share of total Japanese exports from 1.5% the previous year to 2.1%. However, the fourth quarter exports were up 36%, indicating some slowing of export growth compared with the 5% total growth realized over the first three quarters. By product category, exports of Transport, which accounted for nearly 8% of the total, rose 37% to 1.3 trillion, a large increase from 27. of Motor Vehicles, which accounted for most of Transport, increased 37% to 1.3 trillion with Cars up 36% to 1.2 trillion and Buses & Trucks up 53% to 9. billion. Construction Machines (up 16% to 93. billion) and Mechanical Handling (up 65% to 49. billion) posted high growth for the second consecutive year. from Russia increased in the first half and eased in the second half, but still realized double-digit growth for the full year to remain strong, rising 12% to 1.4 trillion. of Mineral rose 33% to 81. billion as Petroleum climbed 19% to 53. billion, primarily because of price increases, and supported by notable growth in Petroleum Products (which doubled to 12. billion) and Coal (up 47% to 16. billion). of Fish & Fish Preparations were also favorable, rising 11% to 13. billion. Conversely, imports of Nonferrous Metals declined 12% to 28. billion, and imports of Wood fell by half, dropping 48% to 58. billion prior to a scheduled increase in a Russian export tax. Consequently, Japan realized a balance of trade surplus with Russia of 33. billion in 28 after posting a trade deficit with Russia the previous year. ( 1 billion) Trade with Russia %

03-はじめに目次2018.indd

03-はじめに目次2018.indd 2 I Main Chapter I Overview of Trade 3 172783.9 2881. 78.3 12 2 5.22 15.1714.9215 17 16 1 36 * Overview of Trade 1.Exports: Exports turn upward after 1-year decline In 217, Japan's exports increased after