ブータン王国新憲法草案の特徴及び概要

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1 10 11 Druk Yul Druk Gyalpo Wangchuck, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Jigme Singye B. Shaw, and L.E.Rose, "Bhutan", Constitutions of the Countries of the World, Oceana Publications, Inc., 1989, pp V.H., 1973, pp V.H.Coelho, Sikkim and Bhutan, , 2005, p

2 Gross National Happiness. GNH Ngawang Namgyal Zhabdung Wangchuck, Ugyen 1904 Younghusband, Francis 1907 Wangchuck, Jigme , , pp E. 34, 2001, pp Leo.E.Rose, The Politics of Bhutan, 1977 ;, 2001, p , , p , pp , pp.78-82, 86-88;, pp , pp.35-37, ;, pp

3 Tshogdu Chenmo ;National Assembly Lhengye Zhungtshog ;Council of Ministers. 12 Thimkhang Gongma ;High Court Dzongkhag ;District Dzongpon Dzongdag 1969 Thimkhang ;District court , pp ; Parmanand, The Politics of Bhutan; Retrospect and Prospect, Pragati Publications, 1992, p.84. The Constitution of the National Assembly of Bhutan, 1953, 1984, pp Rules and Regulations of the National Assembly of Bhutan 1968 revision Shaw and Rose, op.cit., pp , pp "Lhengye Tsok" Leo.E. Rose, "Commentary on Bhutan's Constitutional System", Shaw and Rose, op.cit., pp , pp , 2005, p.182., pp , 260; Rose op.cit., pp

4 Lhengye Lodoy Tsokde ;Royal Advisory Council NEWSWEEK 42, , p Lhengye Zhuntshog Chathrim 1999 National Assembly of Bhutan < "Publication" < last access , pp , p.23., p.45. < "Background" < last access

5 20 Office of Legal Affairs K K Venugopal, K.K. Senior Adovocate Draft of Tsa Thrim Chhenmo as on 26th March Draft of Tsa Thrim Chhenmo as on 18th August , pp ;, pp "Members List" < /members/members.htm> last access "Draft Constitution to be distributed to all Bhutanese", Kuensel Online, < nselonline.com/article.php?sid=5207> last access "Draft Constitution updated and simplified for nation-wide consultations", Kuensel Online, < last access , p

6 10 11 National Council The Opposition Party 19 Interim Government The Royal Audit Authority 25 The Royal Civil Service Commission 26 The Anti-Corruption Commission The Attorney General 29 The Pay Commission 30 Holders of Constitutional Offices Authoritative Text Democratic Constitutional Monarchy Gewog ;County Thromde ; Municipality Supreme Court "Articles" < last access

7 Chhoe-sid-nyi dar 16 kidu Kasho Chief Justice of Bhutan Drangpon Heads of the Defence Forces Governor of the Central Bank of Bhutan Cabinet Secretary Secretary General of the respective Houses Secretaries to the Government Privy Council 28 37

8 21 21 Council of Regency , , p.98. "A Constitution for the future of Bhutan", Kuensel Online, < last access "Publication" "Mechanism to Register Vote of Confidence in His Majesty the Druk Gyalpo, 1999" 38

9 Je Kenpo Zhung Dratshang Lopon Rabdey 32 Dratshang Lhentshog ; Commission for the Monastic Affairs, p , 2003, pp , p

10 evolving dynamic force Environment Study. EVS Forest Act, Forest and Nature Conservation Act, Environmental Assessment Act, National Environment Commission "About Us" < last access Department of Planning < bt> last access , pp "Legislation" < updated.pdf> last access "Legislation" < last access

11 The Nationality Law of Bhutan, Bhutan Citizenship Act, Bhutan Citizenship Act, "One People, One Nation" , pp , pp ;, p , 1994, p.134; ( ), 1997, pp

12 15 Tsawa-Sum Jabmi , 1987, pp ; 33, 2001, pp

13 GNH GNH 40 GNH ) , 2005, pp GNH 1976 GNH, pp

14 message Assent House of review 11 King in the Parliament, pp

15 Money Bill "About the National Assembly of Bhutan" < last access , 1993, p , 2003, pp

16 Primary round of election 15 General election

17 Bhutan People's Party; BPP Druk National Congress; DNC 46 Chimi The National Assembly members Act of Citizenship Card BPP 1990 DNC 1994, p.234., pp "Chimis will also be elected through adult franchise", Kuensel Online, < last access

18 Public Campaign Financing The Speaker's Act of the National Assembly of Bhutan "legislation" 48

19 E 1968 Gup Chief Justice Government Official Web Portal Bhutan Portal < last access Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Education Ministry of Health Ministry of Finance Ministry of Trade & Industry Minisry of Home & Cultural Affairs Ministry of Information & Communications Ministry of Labour & Human Resource Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Works & Human Settlement, p

20 National Judicial Commission Civil and Criminal Procedure Code 2004 Penal Code of Bhutan Advisory Jurisdiction Royal Court of Justice < "Justice and Judges of the High Court" < last access , p.43., pp "Acts and Rules" < last access , p

21 Administrative Tribunal Alternative Dispute Resolution centre Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogchung District Development Committee. DYT Gewog Yargay Tshogchung Block Development Committee. GYT GYT 61 1 write petition, 1977, pp , pp , 1995, p.89 ;, pp

22 DYT DYT Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogdu Chathrim, 2002 : District Development Committee Law 2002 GYT Geog Yargay Tshogchhung Chathrim, 2002 sic : Block Development Committee Law DYT GYT 21 GYT Dzongkhag Tshogdu ;District Council Gewog Tshogde ;County Committee Thromde Thogde ; Municipal Committee 22 DYT GYT Mangmi DYT DYT ex-officio voting member 2002 DYT DYT 21 22, p.90;, pp , pp DYT GYT UNDP < "Good Governance" "Decentralization and Local Governance" < last access DYT "Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogchung" "Dzongkhag Yargay Tshogdu" UNDP "District Development Committee" Karma Ura, "The First Universal Suffrage Election, at County Gewog Level, in Bhutan", I.D.E. Discussion Paper No.4, 2004, pp.2-3. < last access

23 Chiwog Thrompon Public Accounts Committee

24 Service Promotion Board 19 Royal Body Guards Royal Bhutan Army , pp

25

26 Kuensel Wangchuck, Jigme Khesar Namgyel "A new moment in history" Kuensel Online, < name=news&file=article&sid=6332> last access

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