欧州における司法通訳制度
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1 JAIS Grotius Project C ommunication problems across languages and cultures are prevalent in all parts of Europe.Communication breakdown brings about disastrous consequences especially in the field of justice. Article 5, paragraph 2, and Article 6, paragraph 3, of the European Convention on Human Rights clearly set out the requirements for interpreting and translation in all legal cases in order to arrive at a fair trial. To translate into practice this fundamental principle of equal access to justice stipulated in the ECHR, the Grotius Project was launched with participation of several EU member states. The main aim of the project was to encourage the establishment of internationally consistent best practice standard and equivalencies in legal interpreting and translation. This paper focuses on the contents and outcomes of the Grotius Project reviewing the legal basis for the need for qualified interpreting and translation in the judicial settings, and concludes with the remaining problems and the future prospects with a launch of the new project AGIS EU EU MIZUNO Makiko, Future Prospects of the European Legal Interpreting System. Interpretation Studies, No. 4, December 2004, Pages (c) 2004 by the Japan Association for Interpretation Studies
2 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: 2004 EU 2. EU EU EU 29 1) 1 3. Grotius Project 3.1 Grotius Project 1998 EU 4 Grotius Project EU 2) 140
3 EU Grotius Project 4 Interdisciplinary National Committee 3 1 Cambridge (19-21 February 1999) 2 The University of Malaga (7-9 May 1999 ) 1 3 The Handelshoejskolen i Aahus (December 4, 1999) 2 1 September 16-19, (March 16-18, 2000) 3) EU 3.2 Grotius Project 2001 Grotius Project 2001 Grotius Project 1998 EU 5 EU
4 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: Grotius Project 2001 EU 4) 2 Grotius Project 5) 2 142
5 EU 4. Grotius Project EU EU Grotius Project (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations) ) 10 2 (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) (European Convention on Human Rights) 143
6 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: a (e) (a) (e) 7) (European Court of Human Rights) 19 Kamisinski v. Austria (1989) 2 6 8) 9) 6 144
7 EU 4.3 (the European Council) ) 4.4 (The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights) EU EU ) 4.5 Green Paper on procedural safeguards in criminal proceedings throughout the EU
8 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: ) 5 6 EU 13) EU EU Grotius Project 5. Grotius Project Grotius Project IoL (Institute of Linguists) 146
9 EU National Register Police and Criminal Evidence Act Iqbal 14) Nuffield Institute of Linguists (IoL) IoL Nuffield 1994 IoL National Register of Public Service Interpreters National Register IoL National Register 5..2 National Agreement for England and Wales Trial Issues Group TIG Witness Care Sub-Group 1997 National Agreement for England and Wales Trial Issues Group (TIG) 147
10 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: 2004 Association of Chief Police Officers, Bar Council, Crown Prosecution Service, Court Service, HM Customs and Excise, Home Office, Judiciary, Justices Clerks Society, Law Society, Lord Chancellor s Department, Magistrates Association, Victim Support and the Association of Chief Officers of Probation National Register of Public Service Interpreters Council for the Advancement of Communication with Deaf People (CACDP) Association of Police and Court Interpreters(APCI), Institute of Translation and Interpreting (ITI), British Deaf Association (BDA), Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID), Association of Sign Language Interpreters (ASLI) National Register of Public Service Interpreters C A C D P 148
11 EU National Register Diploma in Public Service Interpreting National Register Diploma in Public Service Interpreting Full Interim 2 National Register Interim CCI/DPSI/Met Police Test 400 Full CCI/DPSI 400 Met Police Test 400 4/5 NVQ National Interpreting Standards 400 Diploma in Public Service Interpreting (DPSI) Institute of Linguists Educational Trusts National Occupational Standard
12 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: National Register Terms of Engagement Full Interim 90 National Register Grotius Project 2001 Grotius Project 5.3 Nordic Language Convention 1981 Danish 150
13 EU Administration of Justice Act Danish Schools of Business State Authorized Translator and Interpreter Ministry of Industry Danish Commerce and Companies Agency National Commission of the Danish Police 1994 Proclamation 6. EU EU 6.1 EU
14 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: EU Grotius Project EU 6.4 Grotius Project 7. Grotius Project AGIS Project 15) 2 Grotius Project EU The Dutch ITV Hogeschool voor Tolken en Vertalen (University of Professional Education for Interpreting and Translating) Stichting Instituut van Gerechtstolken & -vertalers (SIGV) (Foundation Institute of Court Interpreters and Court Translators) AGIS ITV Hogeschool SIGV 152
15 EU AGIS Project Grotius Project Green Paper AGIS Project AGIS Project 16) 8. EU
16 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: EU Grotius Project AGIS Project EU Grotius Project AGIS Project Mizuno, Makiko
17 EU 1) Eric Herzog (2003), Fron Aequitas to Aqualitas: Equal Access to Justice across Language and Culture in the EU, Aqualitas Equal Access to Justice across Language and Culture in the EU Introduction 2) Eric Hertog and Yolanda Vanden Bosch (2001 ), Access to Justice across Language and culture in the EU, Aequitas Access to Justice across Language and culture in the EU Chapter one 3) Eric Hertog and Yolanda Vanden Bosch (2001 ) 4) Eric Herzog (2003) 5) Eric Herzog (2003) 6) claration.htm (as of 8 July, 2004) (as of 8 July, 2004) 7) (as of 8 July, 2004) 8) Holly Mikkelson, The Court Interpreter as Gurantor of Defendant Rights 9) Holly Mikkelson 10) Eric Hertog and Yolanda Vanden Bosch (2001 ), 11) Eric Hertog and Yolanda Vanden Bosch (2001 ), 12) _procedural_safeguards.htm Europe - Justice and Home Affairs (as of 14 July, 2004) 13) as of 18 July, ) R v. Iqbal Gebum (1991) 93CrAppR96 15) as of 18 July, ) as of 18 July, 2004 [Online] ttp:// human-rights-universal-declaration.htm (as of 8 July, 2004) 2000 [Online] (as of 8 July, 2004) AGIS Application[Online] as of 18 July, 2004 Colin J. & Morris R. (1996). Interpreters and the Legal Process. Winchester: Waterside Press 155
18 Interpretation Studies, No. 4: 2004 Eric Hertog, editor. (2001). Aequitas: Access to Justice across Language and Culture in the EU. Lessius Hoogeschool Eric Hertog, editor. (2003). Aequalitas: Equal Access to Justice across Language and Culture in the EU: Grotius Project 2001/GRP/015. Lessius Hoogeschool Europe - Justice and Home Affairs [Online] comm/justice_home/ news/consulting_public/green_paper_procedural_safeguards.htm (as of 14 July, 2004) Gonzalez R. D.& Vasquez V. F. & Mikkelson H. (1991). Fundamentals of Court Interpretation: Theory, policy and Practice. North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press Jongh, Elena M. (1992). An Introduction to Court Interpreting: Theory & Practice. New York: University Press of America, Inc. Judicial Studies Board case summaries [Online] jsb2_cases.htm# Kamasinski (as of 10 July, 2004) Kadric M. (2000), Interpreting in the Austrial Courtroom: The Critical Link 2 - Interpreters in the Community (pp ). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co. Mikkelson H.(PY?) The Court Interpreter as Gurantor of Defendant Rights [Online] Ozolins U. (1998). Interpreting & Translating in Australia: Current Issues and international Comparisons, Language Australia The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations [Online] (as of 8 July, 2004) 156
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