Fast Selective Data Dissemination for Structured Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network with Object Attributes

Transcription

1 P2P

2 ( 22 ) P2P P2P P2P P2P 1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia Kademlia P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P Churn GET P2P 1 P2P, 2., 3. Kademlia, 4., 5.

3 Abstract of Master s Thesis - Academic Year 2010 Fast Selective Data Dissemination for Structured Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network with Object Attributes This thesis explains a method for optimizing the data placement in the network to speed up data delivery. Many current P2P systems have the advantages of load distribution system and fault tolerance, but have the bottlenecks in the data delivery because there is only one node which provides the target data. As the computer resources in the P2P system are limited, one bottleneck affects entire P2P system and dgrades the performances. So this thesis argues a method of data delivery without the bottleneck using cache nodes which preload tha data. This method focuses the object (node/data) attributes on the P2P system to select the cache nodes and group P2P system. The object attributes are the information which shows object s property and feature. For example the node attributes are user s interests and likings, the data attributes are its contents and titles. Grouping P2P system is came to expand Kademlia, structured P2P overlay network. Kademlia has an adaptable structure than any other structured P2P overlay network, so it is easy to grouping and works fine when node has some attributes. As a result, Kademlia can easily work when there are many groups in the P2P system or new nodes join to it. To evaluate the effectivity of cache nodes and the performance of new P2P overlay network, simulation was done. In the performance simulation, it was ascertained that new P2P overlay network took more tries to search values, however it found more values than Kademlia. In the effectivity of cache nodes simulation, there were waiting time with or without cache nodes, but waiting time with cache nodes is shorter and it was ascertained that cache nodes speed up data delivery. Using this method, P2P overlay networks as the data delivery platform can expand its application range. And P2P overlay networks makes it possible for people to use new service and becomes necesssary technology to seek and search the potential for future information society development. Keywords : 1. P2P, 2. Overlay Network, 3. Kademlia, 4. Attributes, 5. Grouping Keio University, Graduate School of Media and Governance Yusuke Kuromiya

4 P2P P2P P2P Kademlia P2P P2P P2P P2P iii

5 Kademlia G-Kad G-Kad LFRT-Chord Diminished Chord Flexible Routing in Grouped DHTs G-Kad Kademlia iv

6 A 55 A.1 DVD Top A.2 DVD Top A.3 DVD Top

7 P2P Kademlia P2P P2P P2P GET A DVD Top

8 A DVD Top vii

9 2.1 P2P P2P A DVD Top A DVD Top A DVD Top

10 1 1.1 YouTube[1] Ustream[2] Contents Delivery Network CDN CDN CDN CDN CDN CDN Peer-to-Peer P2P P2P P2P P2P 1

11 P2P 1 P2P CDN P2P P2P P2P P2P 1.2 P2P P2P 2 1. P2P P2P 2. P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 2

12 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P

13 2 P2P P2P 2.1 Client Service Server Client Client 2.1: 2.1 4

14 [3, 4, 5, 6] [7] Software as a Service SaaS Platform as a Service Paas Infrastructure as a Service IaaS CDN 5

15 2.2. P2P P2P P2P 2.2 P2P 1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 6

16 2.2. P2P 2 Peer er Server/Client Service Peer Peer 2.2: P2P P2P P2P P2P Gnutella[8] Winny[9] Share[10] P2P P2P P2P P2P 7

17 2.2. P2P 2 P2P P2P P2P P2P Chord[11] CAN[12] Tapestry[13] Pastry[14] Kademlia[15] Kademlia P2P Kademlia Kademlia Kademlia P2P 2 1 Kademlia ID 1 2 Kademlia 2.3 ID Kademlia k-buckets k-buckets ID 2 i 2 i+1 0 i < 160 k-bucket k-buckets 8

18 2.2. P2P Space of 160 bit numbers : Kademlia ID 2 0 ID 2 1 ID IP UDP ID k-bucket k k Kademlia k=20 k-buckets k-buckets ID Kademlia k-buckets k-buckets 9

19 2.2. P2P 2 k-buckets [16] kbuckets PING PING PING k-buckets k-buckets k-buckets Kademlia Kademlia 4 Remote Procedure Call RPC PING STORE FIND NODE ID k 1 k-bucket k FIND VALUE Kademlia ID k 10

20 2.2. P2P 2 1. ID α FIND NODE 2. FIND NODE α FIND NODE 3. α 3 key-value Kademlia key-value 1. k 2. k STORE value Kademlia value 1. k 2. k FIND VALUE Kademlia Kademlia 1. u w k-buckets 2. u ID 3. u k-buckets u k-buckets Kademlia Kademlia 11

21 2.2. P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P : P2P P2P P2P P2P n O(n) O(log n) 2.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P : Chord CAN Tapestry/Pastry Kademlia N Plaxton - Open Chord METEOR FreePastry Khashmir BitTorrent BitTorrent Kademlia 12

22 3 P2P 2 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P

23 P2P Originator Node Cache Node General Node 3.1: P2P P2P P2P

24 P2P Originator Node General Node Cache Node 3.2: P2P P2P P2P P2P 15

25 P2P Originator Node Delivery Server General Node 3.3: P2P 3.2 2, P2P P2P 4 16

26 4 3 P2P 4.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 17

27 Originator Node Cache Node General Node 4.1: P2P [17] P2P P2P 18

28 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 2.2 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia[15] Kademlia P2P Kademlia 3 1. Kademlia P2P 2. Kademlia Kademlia 19

29 Kademlia P2P Kademlia P2P Kademlia P2P P2P Kademlia P2P P2P 20

30 P2P 2. P2P 3. P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia 21

31 Kademlia 5.1 P2P 5.2 P2P 1 P2P 1 P2P 1 1 AND Kademlia 160bit space α β Y B Z C X A Key: D Tag: γ γ D 5.1: 22

32 Kademlia 160bit space α β Y B Z C X A Tag: γ γ D 5.2: P2P P2P P2P IP P2P Kademlia P2P Kademlia 23

33 Tag A Tag B Tag C A A C B A B C C Tag A Tag C 5.3: Kademlia Kademlia P2P P2P Kademlia

34 Tag A Kademlia New Data Tag A Priority: =11 =14 =13 =12 = Tag B Tag C Tag D Tag E Tag F : P2P P2P % P2P A.2 20%

35 P2P Cache Node Originator Node Tag A Tag B Tag C General Node Cache Node Lookup Tag A Tag B Tag C 5.5:

36 Cache Node Originator Node Tag A Tag B Tag C Tag A Tag B Tag C Data Registration General Node Tag A Tag B Tag C 5.6: General Node Tag D Tag A Tag B Tag C Data Registration Tag D General Node Tag D 5.7: 27

37

38 Kademlia Kademlia G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia Kademlia Kademlia G-Kad k-buckets G-Kad k-buckets IP UDP ID G-Kad 29

39 Kademlia G-Kad 4 Kademlia 3 STORE FIND NODE FIND VALUE RPC Kademlia FIND NODE FIND VALUE Kademlia FIND NODE BY ATTRIBUTE RPC FIND NODE BY ATTRIBUTE 1 RPC G-Kad G-Kad : 1 public bool AttributeEquals(string a, string b) 2 { 3 System.Globalization.CompareInfo ci = System.Globalization.CultureInfo. CurrentCulture.CompareInfo; 4 5 if (a.length > b.length) 6 { 7 if (ci.indexof(a, b, System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreCase 8 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreKanaType 9 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace 10 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreSymbols 11 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreWidth) > 0) 12 { 13 return true; 14 } 15 } 16 else 17 { 18 if (ci.indexof(b, a, System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreCase 19 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreKanaType 20 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace 21 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreSymbols 22 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreWidth) > 0) 23 { 24 return true; 25 } 30

40 } 27 return false; 28 } : 1 public class Attribute 2 { 3 public string Tag { get; set; } 4 public int Frequency { get; set; } 5 } 6 7 public int CalculatePriority(List<Attribute> ourtags, List<Attribute> targettags) 8 { 9 int priority = 0; 10 foreach (Attribute ourtag in ourtags) 11 { 12 foreach (Attribute targettag in targettags) 13 { 14 if (AttributeEquals(ourTag.Tag, targettag.tag)) 15 { 16 priority += targettag.frequency; 17 } 18 } 19 } 20 return priority; 21 } G-Kad Kademlia 31

41 7 6 G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad Churn Kademlia 1 50% Churn G-Kad 6 G-Kad Kademlia PUT GET Kademlia PUT/GET GET Kademlia Churn PUT Churn GET Churn [18] ORICON 2009[19] DVD Top 500 ORICON 2009 DVD Top Amazon.co.jp[20] 32

42 7.1. G-KAD 7 Amazon.co.jp 841, A : C# Microsoft.NET Framework OS Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate (x64) OS Version Build 7600 IDE) Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate Edition IDE Version Microsoft Visual C# 2010 Compiler Version Kademlia Daylight 0.2 Kademlia Daylight[21] P2P G-Kad P2P PUT GET 33

43 7.1. G-KAD Kademlia G-Kad DVD Top Kademlia Kademlia PUT G-Kad PUT 5. Kademlia GET G-Kad GET Churn 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% GET Kademlia G-Kad x Churn y Churn PUT GET 34

44 7.1. G-KAD Average Try Churn Kademlia G-Kad 7.1: 7.1 Churn Kademlia G-Kad Churn Kademlia G-Kad G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia ID Kademlia G-Kad Kademlia 2 G-Kad Kademlia GET Kademlia G-Kad GET x Churn y GET Churn Churn GET Kademlia PUT GET 35

45 GET Sucess Kademlia G-Kad Churn 7.2: GET 2000 ID ID PUT k-bucket GET [22] 7.2 Kademlia G-Kad GET G-Kad Kademlia k 20 G-Kad PUT 1 PUT PUT G-Kad GET G-Kad

46 DVD Top HD H.264 4GiB G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia DVD Top Kademlia 37

47 FIND NODE BY ATTRIBUTE 20% P2P x y

48 Waiting Time (min.) :01 0:09 0:17 0:25 0:33 0:41 0:49 0:57 1:05 1:13 1:21 1:29 1:37 1:45 1:53 Time Elapsed (min.) Waiting Time 7.3: P2P P2P x y

49 Waiting Time (min.) :00 0:04 0:08 0:12 0:16 0:20 0:24 0:29 0:33 0:37 Time Elapsed (min.) 0:41 0:45 0:49 0:53 Waiting Time 7.4: 140 Number of Nodes : :08 0:16 0:24 0:32 0:40 0:48 0:56 1: : :20 Time Elapsed (min.) : :36 1:44 1:52 2:00 Processing Complete 7.5: 40

50 P2P Number of Nodes : :08 0:16 0:24 0:32 0:40 0:48 0:56 1:04 1:12 1:20 Time Elapsed (min.) 1:28 1:36 1:44 1:52 2:00 Processing Complete 7.6: P2P 41

51 : 1 0:27:00 0:43:00 2 0:30:00 0:43:00 3 0:55:00 0:43:00 4 0:57:00 0:43:00 5 0:57:00 0:43: : : 4: :37 4: :

52 Kademlia G-Kad 2 Kademlia G-Kad GET G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad 2 43

53 8 P2P 8.1 LFRT-Chord LFRT-Chord[23] P2P Flexible Routing Tables Chord LFRT-Chord FRT Label P2P ISP LFRT-Chord Chord : 8.2: P2P P2P P2P 44

54 8.2. DIMINISHED CHORD 8 8.3: 8.4: 8.2 Diminished Chord Diminished Chord[24] Chord P2P P2P Diminished Chord Chord k O(k log k) Diminished Chord O(k) 8.3 Flexible Routing in Grouped DHTs Flexible Routing in Grouped DHTs GTap [25] Tapestry P2P GTap P2P Group Membership Rendezvous GMR GTap GTap Tapestry Autonomous DHT ADHT 8.5 GTap P2P

55 : 8.6: 8.6 GTap P2P P2P 8.4 P2P Kademlia P2P P2P Kademlia P2P Kademlia G-Kad Kademlia Kademlia Kademlia 8.1 LFRT-Chord 46

56 9 9.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 47

57 P2P P2P P2P Kademlia Kademlia P2P Kademlia Chord CAN Pastry Kademlia 3 1. Kademlia P2P P2P G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia Kademlia G-Kad GET G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad Kademlia GET G-Kad Kademlia GET G-Kad G-Kad 48

58 G-Kad 8 G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia Kademlia k-buckets α k-buckets k-buckets GET Kademlia 49

59 Kademlia G-Kad BitTorrent BitTorrent Kademlia 9.3 P2P P2P P2P P2P 50

60 P2P 51

61 Rodney D.Van Meter III 6 52

62 [1] YouTube. [2] Ustream. [3] salesforce.com. [4] Amazon Web Services. [5] Microsoft Windows Azure. [6] MobileMe. [7] P. Mell and T. Grance. The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing. Version 15. National Institute of Standards and Technology, [8] Gnutella Protocol Specification. GDF. [9] Isamu Kaneko. The Technology of Winny. ASCII, October [10] Share. CAT/17//. [11] Ion Stoica, Robert Morris, David Karger, M. Frans Kaashoek, and Hari Balakrishnan. Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In SIGCOMM 01: Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, pages , New York, NY, USA, ACM. [12] Sylvia Ratnasamy, Paul Francis, Mark Handley, Richard Karp, and Scott Schenker. A scalable content-addressable network. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., 31(4): , [13] Ben Y. Zhao, John D. Kubiatowicz, and Anthony D. Joseph. Tapestry: An infrastructure for fault-tolerant wide-area location and. Technical report, Berkeley, CA, USA,

63 [14] A. Rowstron and P. Druschel. Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location, and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In Middleware 2001, pages Springer, [15] Petar Maymounkov and David Mazieres. Kademlia: A peer-to-peer information system based on the xor metric. pages 53 65, [16] S. Saroiu, P.K. Gummadi, S.D. Gribble, et al. A measurement study of peer-topeer file sharing systems. In proceedings of Multimedia Computing and Networking, volume 2002, page 152. Citeseer, [17],. p2p. 2010, pp , July, [18]. [19] EMO. ORICON 2009., [20] Amazon.co.jp. [21] Daylight. [22] H.J. Kang, E. Chan-Tin, N.J. Hopper, and Y. Kim. Why Kad lookup fails. In Peerto-Peer Computing, P2P 09. IEEE Ninth International Conference on, pages IEEE, [23] [24] D.R. Karger and M. Ruhl. Diminished Chord: A protocol for heterogeneous subgroup formation in peer-to-peer networks. Peer-to-Peer Systems III, pages , [25] Y. Zhang, D. Li, L. Chen, and X. Lu. Flexible Routing in Grouped DHTs. In Eighth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P 08), pages IEEE, 2008.

64 A 7 A.1 DVD Top 500 DVD Top 500 A.1 A.1: 2009 DVD Top , % 2 590, % 5 10 All the BEST! CLIPS , % ARASHI AROUND ASIA 2008 in TOKYO 4 358, % 5 339, % EXILE LIVE TOUR EXILE PERFECT LIVE , % EXILE LIVE TOUR 2009 THE MONSTER 7 269, % SMAP 2008 super.modern.artistic.performance tour 8 257, % namie amuro BEST FICTION TOUR , % TOUR 2 9 PUZZLE show , % , % , % KAT-TUN LIVE TOUR 2008 QUEEN OF PIRATES , % 4TH LIVE TOUR 2009-THE SECRET CODE-FINAL IN TOKYO DOME , % (1 ) , % Part I , % , % B z LIVE-GYM Pleasure 2008-GLORY DAYS , % B z LIVE-GYM Hidden Pleasure Typhoon No , % NEWS LIVE DIAMOND , % ZERO II , % ROOKIES - - LAST DVD ALBUM , % , % Mr.Children Tour , % Part II

65 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % KinKi you DVD , % NUMBER ONES , % , %! , % , % DVD , % 2008 WE LIVE (Deluxe Version) , % , % , % , % DVD , % , % 2 [ ] , % , % DVD , % Hey!Say!Jump-ing Tour , % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol , % , % Perfume BUDOUKaaaaaaaaaaN!!!!! , % , % 11 / / 5?? 46 97, % : Vol , % 12 / /? 620? 48 95, % 49 92, %! , % , % 52 85, %!! 8 ( ) , % Koda Kumi Live Tour 2009 TRICK 54 84, % LIVE( ) 55 84, %! VALUE PRICE , % 57 82, % VOLUME II 58 82, % 59 79, % All About Season , % DVD , % ayumi hamasaki ASIA TOUR th Anniversary 56

66 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A 62 76, % (2 ) 63 76, % , % / 65 75, % KOBUKURO FAN FESTA YEARS SPE- CIAL!!!! 66 75, % DVD 67 74, %! 68 74, % DVD , % 2 ( ) 70 73, %!!( )20 DVD (12)( ) , % ayumi hamasaki PREMIUM COUNTDOWN LIVE A 72 72, % ZERO II 73 72, % DVD , % DECADE ( ) 75 70, % , % 2-Disc ( ) 77 68, % Ringo EXPO , % NHK 79 64, % 20th Anniversary DREAMS COME TRUE CONCERT TOUR 2009? ( ) 80 64, % 3rd LIVE TOUR 2008 T 81 61, % 82 61, % 83 61, % 84 60, % 85 60, % 86 60, % MOVIE12/UNICORN TOUR , % 88 58, % 89 58, % 09 WORLD BASEBALL CLASSIC TM V2 [ ] 90 57, % , % DVD ap bank fes , % (2 ) 93 57, %!!( )20 DVD (13)( )!!!+! 94 56, % 007 (2 ) 57

67 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A 95 56, % Part I II 96 55, % 20 ( 2 ) 97 54, % : Vol , % , % (pieces of love Vol.1) , % , % , % X , % SUMMER TOUR 2007 FINAL Time , % NHK!! , % ( ) , % , % : , % , % TOUR , % CX DVD-BOX , % GOEMON , % , % DANGEROUS , % , % V6 LIVE TOUR 2008 VIBES ( A) , % STUDIO COAST , % THE LAST PRINCESS (3 ) , % LIVE IN PARIS , % 2nd LIVE TOUR 2007 Five in the Black , % DVD , % , % , % (2 ) , % II , % , % CHRONICLE , % , % 13 (2 ) , % , % , % , % CELEBRATION , % 2 DVD-BOX(VOL.4 VOL.5) 58

68 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % UVERworld 2008 Premium LIVE at ( ) , % 24 -TWENTY FOUR , % , % (2 ) , % DOCUMENTARY FILMS Trans ASIA via PARIS , % [ DVD 4 ] 20th Century LIVE TOUR 2009 HONEY HONEY HONEY/We are Coming Century Boys LIVE Tour , % , % (3 ) , % , % 244 ENDLI-x / LIVE DVD , % , % 2 VOL.6 SP [DVD] , % VALUE PRICE , % JAMBOREE TOUR 2009 OTR at ( ) , % X , % / , %! 8 ( ) , % VAMPS LIVE , % TOKYO STAR Tour , % KYOSUKE HIMURO 20th ANNIVERSARY TOUR 2008 JUST MOVIN ON-MORAL PRESENT , % , % , % , % , % ZERO , % : (EVANGELION:1.11) , % ARASHI AROUND ASIA + in DOME , % , % ( ) , % , % COMPLETE CLIPS , % , % AWAKEVE TOUR , % , % NHK! , % ( ) 59

69 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % , % / 2 : 2-Disc , % , % (2 ) , % Perfume First Tour GAME , % , % , % LIVE IN AWAJISHIMA , % / (2 ) , % : , %!! ( ) 300 DVD(14)( ) 2008 VS , % , % Vol , % , % , % of ROOKIES , % , % , % ROCK N ROLL IN TOKYO DOME , % Vol , % DJ KAORI S INMIX DVD , % EVOLUTION , % YUKI concert New Rhythm Tour , % PLAYZONE , % , % , % USAVICH Season3 / , % ( ) , % Vol , % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol , % , % Axis Powers vol , % OP/ED COLLECTION Volume 1-20th Century , % 60

70 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % Summer Concert 2004 Now , % Axis Powers vol , % DVD BOX , % 4 ( 1 ) , % , % R2 volume , % ICHI , % 5 DTS , % , % BLEACH Fade to Black ( ) , % 1st LIVE TOUR 2006 Heart , % , % R2 volume , % , % Axis Powers vol , % 3D ( ) , % R2 volume , % BLEACH Fade to Black ( ) , % , % 2 ( ) , % , % TM3 (2 ) , % , % R2 volume , % , % 20th Century LIVE TOUR 2008 ( A) , % : , % NON STYLE LIVE 2008 in 6 vs , %! , % / , % , % Axis Powers vol , % R2 volume , % 1 61

71 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % MW , % , % , % , % ( ) , % 30th [ ] , % , % , % TIM , % , % , % , % Sound Horizon 6th Story Concert Moira LIVE DVD , %!? , % I , % 10TH LIVE CIRCUIT ROYAL STRAIGHT FLUSH LIVE IN YOYOGI DAIICHI TAIIKUKAN , % How s it going? Summer Concert , % GO!5!KAELAND , % G.I , % ( ) , % , % , % , % , % , % (2 ) , % / ( ) , % , % 20 1 ( ) , % C D G no ARASHI! Vol , % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 8 ( ) , % the motion picture tour , % , % , % PartI , % K , % , % 62

72 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % , % 2008 Vol , % / (2 ) , % ROCK N ROLL SHOW , % , % OP/ED COLLECTION Volume 2-21st Century , % Axis Powers vol , % / ( ) , % , % , % LOVE IS BORN?5th Anniversary 2008? at Osaka-Jo Yagai Ongaku-Do on 10th of September , % , % , % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 2 ( ) , % NARUTO , %! 1 100! , % , % HEROES/ 3 Vol , % Prequel Trilogy , % PartII , % 007 (2 ) , % , % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 3 ( ) , % , % F( ) , % , % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 4 ( ) , % , % OVA ANOTHER STORY Vol , % All About , % F( ) , % act I , % 2008 DVD-BOX , % II , % THE MOVIE , % ( 2 ) , % , % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 7 ( ) , % HERO 63

73 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % F( ) , % DVD BOX2 ( ) , % [DVD] , % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 6 ( ) , % (2 ) , % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 5 ( ) , % , % , % VS , % w-inds. Live Tour 2008 Seventh Ave , % DX! , % F( ) , % 30th III [ ] , % , % , % , % , % , % OVA ANOTHER STORY Vol , % PartIII , % NANA MIZUKI LIVE FIGHTER-RED SIDE , % , % DVD , % , % , % F( ) , % L EGOISTE , % LIVE TOUR 2009 WE ARE KAZEYOMI! , % DVD+CD , % : ( / 2 ) , % LIVE! , % DVD-BOX , % Mr.Children HOME TOUR 2007 in the field , % NANA MIZUKI LIVE FIGHTER-BLUE SIDE , % 25th 64

74 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % 30th I[ ] , % , % ZEROII , % ( ) , % , % Quick Cut , % 30th II [ ] , % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol , % FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST , % EXILE LIVE TOUR 2007 EXILE EVOLUTION(3 ) , % II , % HY PACHINAI 5 MAGGY HAKODE TOUR 08 Nartyche , % 300 (2 ) , % TSUBASA IMAI Dance and Rock Tour 09 (2DVD+CD) , % , % X- : ( ) , % TOUR08 THE ROSE TRIMS AGAIN( ) , % , % BOX SET-ARCHIVES , % , % NEO , % , % ( 3 ) , % vol , % LOVE LETTER Tour 2009! , % How did we feel then? flumpool Tour 2009 Unreal Live at Shibuya Club Quattro , % , % THE SECRET , % All About Season , % 5 live archives , % AAA 3rd Anniversary Live ( ) , % , % tour 2005 JOKER , % / 2-Disc , % VS , % V.I.P.-HOT R B/HIPHOP TRAX-DVD MIX 65

75 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % , % 1( ) , % vol , % , % 16 TEXT , % A.D. ( ) , % ( 1 ) , % , % , % 27 ( ) , % C D G no ARASHI! Vol , % , % ( 4 ) , % , % 12( ) , % , % LOVE LETTER Tour 2009! , % vol , % ASKA SYMPHONIC CONCERT TOUR 2008 SCENE , % D-WARS , % , %! 09 Hello! Project 2009 Winter , % , % 2008 LIVE , % 00 I , % with C K LIVE TOUR , % , % , % Boys Over Flowers DVD-BOX1 (5 ) , % Hey!Say!JUMP! in , % ( ) , %! 8 ( ) , % , % 5 home , % Mai Kuraki LIVE Tour 2008 touch Me! 66

76 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % ( 2 ) , % AAA TOUR 2009-A DEPARTURE PARTY , % , % KYOSUKE HIMURO COUNTDOWN LIVE CROSSOVER st STAGE/2nd STAGE , % kuroyume the end CORKSCREW A GO GO! FINAL( ) , % LEGEND , % DISCO , % TM3 (2 ) , % DVD ( 3 ) , % 30th F91 [ ] , % FUNKY MONKEY BABYS , % - -!42.195km BOX ( ) , % /Ken Hirai Films Vol.10 FAKIN POP TOUR , % DVD-BOX , % , % , % , % Boys Over Flowers DVD-BOX2 (5 ) , % HEROES/ 3 DVD-BOX , % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX , % III , % P.S , % ASKA CONCERT TOUR 2009 WALK , % , % , % , % Boys Over Flowers DVD-BOX3 (6 ) , % Hello!Project 2009 Winter / Thank you for your LOVE! , % / 67

77 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % 3 (2 ) , % , % ( DVD ) , % ( ) , % F FINAL in , % ( ) , % VIII , % LIVE TOUR ROCK SOUL II , % 1 2 ( ) , % SUPERNATURAL / , %!! 25 DVD (10)( ) 24!! , % , % , % AVP2 VS. ( 2 ) , % , % , % NEWS CONCERT TOUR pacific THE FIRST TOKYO DOME CONCERT , % E.T , % , % PLAYZONE FINAL SHOW TIME Hit Series Change( ) , % DVD , %! , % , % , % HISTORY in JAPAN vol , % NHK! , % - -!42.195km BOX ( ) , % , % , % 2-Disc , %! M VS VS VS DVD , % TUBE Live Around Special 2008 Paradiso , % PV SHOW!!?? 68

78 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A , % ( ) , % , % in , % -!!! , % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX , % IV , % Deco Vs Deco , % , % , % 2009 BIGBANG LIVE CONCERT BIG SHOW , % A.2 DVD Top 500 DVD Top 500 Amazon.co.jp A % % sf % % % % % % % % % % dvd % % % % % % % % % % % % A.2: 2009 DVD Top

79 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % dvd % michael jackson % miya % % % % tv % % studio ghibli % % tvxq dbsk % % % % % % % % % % % % % clannad % key % % % clannad after story % clannad dvd 70

80 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % tv % % arashi % % % % % % % % % % % f % % % tvxq % % % dj miya % tv % % % % % % % % % % % % % % dvd % % % % % clamp % % % % % % 71

81 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % bd % % % % kat-tun % tvxq % live % % % % dvd % % % % % % % % % type-moon % % the garden of sinners % ufotable % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % perfume % % % 72

82 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % news % j-pop % % % % mr children % mrchildren % % % beat it % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % shinichi tsutsumi % % % % v % % % % % % % % % % % % % 73

83 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % % % % box % % % % % % % % % % % godfather % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % b z % % % % % % bank band 74

84 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % kinki kids % % % % % % janet jackson % ps % % % % hey say jump % % heysayjump % t % % % % % scifi % 2nd % % % pixar % % % % % % dvd % % % % % % % % kalafina % % % % % % % 75

85 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % pv % larcenciel % % % % % % % % % % smallville % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ymo % % % % dvd % % mtv % % % % % % % % % % 76

86 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % % % revo % sound horizon % jimang % rikki % % % % % % % % % % % % % tv % % % team nacs % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % aska % % % % % 77

87 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % ps % % ps % ps % ps % ps % ps % ps % ps % % % % collection % collection % pv % % % % % exile % % exile live dvd % smap % blu-ray % best fiction tour 78

88 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % % umd % % tvxq tvxq % bbc % mj % mj % % % % bz 79

89 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % mr children live dvd % rock % kinki kids live dvd % kinkiyou kinki kids % music videos aaa % pabo % % biohazard % capcom % residentevil % % % satc 80

90 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % budoukaaaaaaaaaan uc % % % sf % % cg % 7 3splash trick live tour koda kumi % % this is it % man in the mirror % mj % smooth criminal % ayu % ayumi hamasaki 81

91 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A dvd dvd live best live % aiko % br % br clear all % dreams come true % live % sprinter % unicorn % ebi % 82

92 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % v % salyu % co % eco-reso % % % % 83

93 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % bd % the last princess % l arc en ciel % larc en ciel % tetsuya % % % l arc 84

94 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % animation % madonna % twenty four % tt % % % coming century % endlicheri endlicheri % spitz % hyde % % % guitarhythm % 85

95 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % arata % p % m % cs % % game % capsule % 3 86

96 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % djkaori % dragonball evolution % yuki % judy and mary % yuki nrg arashi % box arashi % jj 87

97 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % blu-ray % mononoke % % % dog % super driver % % saw % % % % % non style 88

98 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % staple stable % moira % sound % % clapton % jeff beck % vinnie colaiuta 89

99 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % eric clapton % jimmy page % tal wilkenfeld % cars % paul newman % this is america % usa for africa % % % % % % % the yellow monkey sf x-men % 90

100 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % superfly % % ambivalent world % ryo % supercell % % % % naruto % naruto dvd 91

101 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % dmc ii % rc % % % ova % 92

102 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % w-inds % w-inds % ance % transformers % jennifer hudson % 93

103 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % dvd % bank band with great artists % ttt fullmetal alchemst fadvd % five % x-files % dir en grey % xenophobia dvd % flumpool % clint eastwood % x % % disc % asian kung-fu generation 94

104 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % 9mm parabellum bullet % janne da arc vs dvd % d-wars % vfx % % % umdvideo % a b c-z % ps3 v % % mai kuraki 95

105 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % mai-k % aaa dvd % funky monkey babys % mrbig % music blu-ray dvd % greeeen % tbs % % % may n % supernatural % supernatural % arasi % kis-my-ft % megadeth 96

106 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % a % zombies cue % % dvd dvd 97

107 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % rookies % big bang A.1 Frequency Rank 1 A.1: 2009 DVD Top 500 A.1 98

108 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A A.3 DVD Top 500 DVD Top 500 Amazon.co.jp DVD Top 500 A.3 A.3: 2009 DVD Top % % (2 ) % % GOEMON % % % % % % % %! VALUE PRICE % % 3 (2 ) % DVD % % % G.I % % % % % DVD % % ( ) % % namie amuro BEST FICTION TOUR % % % %!! ( ) 300 DVD 15( ) 24 [DVD] 99

109 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % Koda Kumi Live Tour 2009 TRICK % LIVE( ) % % % % ( ) % (2 ) % ( ) % % DVD % % DVD % DVD % % ( ) % % % % DVD % DVD % TIM % % % % % % % % % % % 20 ( 2 ) % % % % ZERO II % EXILE LIVE TOUR 2009 THE MONSTER % GO!5!KAELAND % % K % % (2 ) % 100

110 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % % TM3 (2 ) % II % F( ) % ARASHI AROUND ASIA 2008 in TOKYO % % TOUR % % % % R2 volume % F( ) % R2 volume % R2 volume % % % % % % % ( ) % 30th F91 [ ] % R2 volume % F( ) % % SUMMER TOUR 2007 FINAL Time % 5 10 All the BEST! CLIPS % HERO % Mr.Children HOME TOUR 2007 in the field % X % % Part II % Mr.Children Tour % B z LIVE-GYM Pleasure 2008-GLORY DAYS % % % 2 VOL.6 SP [DVD] % / 101

111 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % % 30th [ ] % ARASHI AROUND ASIA + in DOME % C D G no ARASHI! Vol % C D G no ARASHI! Vol % % 007 (2 ) % (2 ) % / 2-Disc % AVP2 VS. ( ) % FUNKY MONKEY BABYS % 27 ( ) % % % F( ) % Summer Concert 2004 Now % % DVD-BOX % TOKYO STAR Tour % 4TH LIVE TOUR 2009-THE SECRET CODE-FINAL IN TOKYO DOME % % % % %!! 25 DVD (10)( ) 24!! % Vol % 2 DVD-BOX(VOL.4 VOL.5) % % % 1( ) % % vol % % How s it going? Summer Concert % % with C K LIVE TOUR % 3rd LIVE TOUR 2008 T % All About Season 3 102

112 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % All About Season % E.T % % % % %!!( )20 DVD (12)( ) % % % % % % % % % % ( ) % % % % % 1st LIVE TOUR 2006 Heart Mind and Soul %! 1 100! % Perfume BUDOUKaaaaaaaaaaN!!!!! % 2nd LIVE TOUR 2007 Five in the Black % All About % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol % HISTORY in JAPAN vol % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX % YUKI concert New Rhythm Tour % %!!( )20 DVD (13)( )!!!+! % Vol % Vol % EVOLUTION % DVD BOX2 ( ) 103

113 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % vol % vol % % % % 12( ) % NHK %! % % % II % : % SUPERNATURAL / % DVD BOX % Ringo EXPO % % 30th I[ ] % 30th II [ ] % 4 ( 1 ) % % ayumi hamasaki ASIA TOUR th Anniversary % / (2 ) % ROCK N ROLL IN TOKYO DOME % ZEROII % 20th Anniversary DREAMS COME TRUE CONCERT TOUR 2009? ( ) % % % [DVD] % : Vol % 24 -TWENTY FOUR % 30th III [ ] % % ( ) 104

114 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % NHK!! % ayumi hamasaki PREMIUM COUNTDOWN LIVE A % VOLUME II % % We Are The World 20th % ZERO II % : % % Perfume First Tour GAME % ICHI % : % D-WARS % / ( ) % / % ( 3 ) % ( 2 ) % NEO % % ( 4 ) % % TOUR 2 9 PUZZLE % % % DANGEROUS % NUMBER ONES % DVD ap bank fes % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX % % / 2 : 2-Disc % in % MW % ROOKIES - - LAST DVD ALBUM % / % % 105