Fast Selective Data Dissemination for Structured Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network with Object Attributes

Transcription

1 P2P

2 ( 22 ) P2P P2P P2P P2P 1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia Kademlia P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P Churn GET P2P 1 P2P, 2., 3. Kademlia, 4., 5.

3 Abstract of Master s Thesis - Academic Year 2010 Fast Selective Data Dissemination for Structured Peer-to-Peer Overlay Network with Object Attributes This thesis proposes a method for optimizing the data placement in P2P networks to speed up data delivery. Many current P2P systems have advantages of load distribution and fault tolerance, but at the same time bottlenecks in the data delivery because there is only one node which provides the target data in the beginning. As the computer resources in the P2P system are limited, one bottleneck could affect an entire P2P system and degrade the performance. This thesis argues for a method of data delivery without such a bottleneck using cache nodes which preload the data. This method focuses on the object (node/data) attributes on the P2P system to select the cache nodes and make groups in P2P system. The object attributes are the information that shows an object s properties and features. For example the node attributes represent user s interests and preferences, and the data attributes represent their contents and titles. Grouping within a P2P system is realized through an extension of Kademlia, a structured P2P overlay network. Kademlia has more adaptable structure than any other structured P2P overlay network, which makes it easy to introduce grouping and maintain the performance even with the presence of multiple attributes for a node. As a result, the extended version of Kademlia can easily work maintaining its scalability even when many groups are created in a network or new nodes continue to join. To evaluate the effectiveness of cache nodes and the performance of the new P2P overlay network, we conducted several simulations. In the performance simulation, it was ascertained that the new P2P overlay network took more tries to search for data, but it could find more data than the original Kademlia. In simulations evaluating the effectiveness of cache nodes, requesters were forced to wait with or without cache nodes, but waiting time with cache nodes is shorter and it was ascertained that cache nodes indeed speed up data delivery. Using this method, the author hopes that P2P overlay networks as the data delivery platform can expand their application range, enabling people to innovate the new services that are vital technology as we pursue the potential of the future information society development. Keywords : 1. P2P, 2. Overlay Network, 3. Kademlia, 4. Attributes, 5. Grouping Keio University, Graduate School of Media and Governance Yusuke Kuromiya

4 P2P P2P P2P Kademlia P2P P2P P2P P2P iii

5 Kademlia G-Kad G-Kad LFRT-Chord Diminished Chord Flexible Routing in Grouped DHTs G-Kad Kademlia iv

6 52 A 56 A.1 DVD Top A.2 DVD Top A.3 DVD Top

7 P2P Kademlia P2P P2P P2P GET A DVD Top A DVD Top

8 2.1 P2P P2P A DVD Top A DVD Top A DVD Top

9 1 1.1 YouTube[1] Ustream[2] Contents Delivery Network CDN CDN CDN CDN CDN CDN Peer-to-Peer P2P P2P P2P P2P 1

10 P2P 1 P2P CDN P2P P2P P2P P2P 1.2 P2P P2P 2 1. P2P P2P 2. P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 2

11 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P

12 2 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia[3] P2P [4, 5, 6, 7] 4

13 Client Service Server Client Client 2.1: [8] Software as a Service SaaS Platform as a Service Paas Infrastructure as a Service IaaS CDN 5

14 2.2. P2P P2P P2P 2.2 P2P 1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 6

15 2.2. P2P 2 Peer er Server/Client Service Peer Peer 2.2: P2P P2P P2P P2P Gnutella[9] Winny[10] Share[11] P2P P2P P2P P2P 7

16 2.2. P2P 2 P2P P2P P2P P2P Chord[12] CAN[13] Tapestry[14] Pastry[15] Kademlia[3] Kademlia P2P Kademlia Kademlia Kademlia P2P 2 1 Kademlia ID 1 2 Kademlia 2.3 ID Kademlia k-buckets k-buckets ID 2 i 2 i+1 0 i < 160 k-bucket k-buckets 8

17 2.2. P2P Space of 160 bit numbers : Kademlia ID 2 0 ID 2 1 ID IP UDP ID k-bucket k k Kademlia 20 k-buckets k-buckets ID Kademlia k-buckets k-buckets 9

18 2.2. P2P 2 k-buckets [16] kbuckets PING PING PING k-buckets k-buckets k-buckets Kademlia Kademlia 4 Remote Procedure Call RPC PING STORE FIND NODE ID k 1 k-bucket k FIND VALUE Kademlia ID k 10

19 2.2. P2P 2 1. ID α FIND NODE 2. FIND NODE α FIND NODE 3. α 3 key-value Kademlia key-value 1. k 2. k STORE value Kademlia value 1. k 2. k FIND VALUE Kademlia Kademlia 1. u w k-buckets 2. u ID 3. u k-buckets u k-buckets Kademlia Kademlia 11

20 2.2. P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P : P2P P2P P2P P2P n O(n) O(log n) 2.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P : Chord CAN Tapestry/Pastry Kademlia N Plaxton - Open Chord[17] jxta-meteor[18] FreePastry[19] Khashmir[20] BitTorrent[21] BitTorrent Kademlia 12

21 3 P2P 2 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P

22 P2P Originator Node NG OK NG General Node 3.1: P2P P2P P2P [22, 23]

23 P2P Originator Node General Node Cache Node 3.2: P2P P2P P2P P2P 15

24 P2P Originator Node Delivery Server General Node 3.3: P2P 3.2 2, P2P P2P 4 16

25 4 3 P2P 4.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 17

26 Originator Node Cache Node General Node 4.1: P2P [24] P2P P2P 18

27 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 2.2 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia Kademlia P2P Kademlia 3 1. Kademlia P2P 2. Kademlia Kademlia 19

28 Kademlia P2P Kademlia P2P Kademlia P2P P2P Kademlia P2P P2P 20

29 P2P 2. P2P 3. P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia Kademlia 21

30 P2P 5.2 P2P 1 P2P 1 P2P 1 1 AND Kademlia 160bit space α β Y B Z C X A Key: D Tag: γ γ D 5.1: 22

31 Kademlia 160bit space α β Y B Z C X A Tag: γ γ D 5.2: P2P P2P P2P IP P2P Kademlia P2P Kademlia 23

32 Tag A Tag B Tag C A A C B A B C C Tag A Tag C 5.3: Kademlia Kademlia P2P P2P Kademlia

33 Tag A Kademlia New Data Tag A Priority: =11 =14 =13 =12 = Tag B Tag C Tag D Tag E Tag F : P2P P2P [25] 20%

34 P2P P2P 2. P2P 3. P2P 20% 1 5 P2P Cache Node Originator Node Tag A Tag B Tag C General Node Cache Node Lookup Tag A Tag B Tag C 5.5: 26

35 Cache Node Originator Node Tag A Tag B Tag C Tag A Tag B Tag C Data Registration General Node Tag A Tag B Tag C 5.6:

36 General Node Tag D Tag A Tag B Tag C Tag D Data Registration General Node Tag D 5.7:

37 Kademlia Kademlia G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia Kademlia Kademlia G-Kad k-buckets G-Kad k-buckets IP UDP ID G-Kad 29

38 Kademlia G-Kad 4 Kademlia 3 STORE FIND NODE FIND VALUE RPC Kademlia FIND NODE FIND VALUE Kademlia FIND NODE BY ATTRIBUTE RPC FIND NODE BY ATTRIBUTE 1 RPC G-Kad G-Kad : 1 public bool AttributeEquals(string a, string b) 2 { 3 System.Globalization.CompareInfo ci = System.Globalization.CultureInfo. CurrentCulture.CompareInfo; 4 5 if (a.length > b.length) 6 { 7 if (ci.indexof(a, b, System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreCase 8 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreKanaType 9 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace 10 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreSymbols 11 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreWidth) > 0) 12 { 13 return true; 14 } 15 } 16 else 17 { 18 if (ci.indexof(b, a, System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreCase 19 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreKanaType 20 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreNonSpace 21 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreSymbols 22 System.Globalization.CompareOptions.IgnoreWidth) > 0) 23 { 24 return true; 25 } 30

39 } 27 return false; 28 } : 1 public class Attribute 2 { 3 public string Tag { get; set; } 4 public int Frequency { get; set; } 5 } 6 7 public int CalculatePriority(List<Attribute> ourtags, List<Attribute> targettags) 8 { 9 int priority = 0; 10 foreach (Attribute ourtag in ourtags) 11 { 12 foreach (Attribute targettag in targettags) 13 { 14 if (AttributeEquals(ourTag.Tag, targettag.tag)) 15 { 16 priority += targettag.frequency; 17 } 18 } 19 } 20 return priority; 21 } G-Kad Kademlia 31

40 7 6 G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad Kademlia Churn Kademlia 1 50% Churn G-Kad 6 G-Kad Kademlia PUT GET Kademlia PUT/GET GET Kademlia Churn PUT Churn GET Churn [26] ORICON 2009[27] DVD Top 500 A.1 ORICON

41 7.1. G-KAD 7 DVD Top Amazon.co.jp[28] Amazon.co.jp 841, : C# Microsoft.NET Framework OS Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate (x64) OS Version Build 7600 IDE) Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate Edition IDE Version Microsoft Visual C# 2010 Compiler Version Kademlia Daylight 0.2 Kademlia Daylight[29] P2P G-Kad P2P PUT GET 33

42 7.1. G-KAD Kademlia ID G-Kad ID DVD Top P2P Kademlia PUT G-Kad PUT 5. Kademlia GET G-Kad GET Churn 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% GET 34

43 7.1. G-KAD Average Try Kademlia G-Kad Churn 7.1: Kademlia G-Kad x Churn y Churn PUT GET 7.1 Churn Kademlia G-Kad Churn Kademlia G-Kad G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia ID Kademlia 2 G-Kad Kademlia GET Kademlia G-Kad GET

44 GET Sucess Kademlia G-Kad Churn 7.2: GET 7.2 x Churn y GET Churn Churn GET Kademlia PUT GET 2084 ID ID PUT k-buckets GET ID [30]

45 DVD Top HD H.264[31] 4GiB G-Kad DVD Top P2P 3. 37

46 FIND NODE BY ATTRIBUTE 20% P2P x y P2P 38

47 Waiting Time (min.) Waiting Time (without Cache) Waiting Time (with Cache) 0 0:01 0:05 0:09 0:13 0:17 0:21 0:25 0:29 0:33 0:37 0:41 0:45 0:49 0:53 0:57 1:01 1:05 1:09 1:13 1:17 1:21 1:25 1:29 Time Elapsed (min.) 7.3: P2P x y

48 Number of Nodes Processing Complete 0:00 0:06 0:12 0:18 0:24 0:30 0:36 0:42 0:48 0:54 1:00 1:06 1:12 1:18 1:24 1:30 1:36 1:42 1:48 1:54 2:00 Time Elapsed (min.) 7.4: P2P P2P 40

49 Number of Nodes Processing Complete 0:00 0:06 0:12 0:18 0:24 0:30 0:36 0:42 0:48 0:54 1:00 1:06 1:12 1:18 1:24 1:30 1:36 1:42 1:48 1:54 2:00 Time Elapsed (min.) 7.5: 7.2: 1 0:27:00 0:43:00 2 0:30:00 0:43:00 3 0:55:00 0:43:00 4 0:57:00 0:43:00 5 0:57:00 0:43:

50 : : 4: :37 4: : Kademlia G-Kad GET Kademlia G-Kad GET G-Kad Kademlia G-Kad 42

51 8 P2P 8.1 LFRT-Chord LFRT-Chord[32] P2P Flexible Routing Tables Chord LFRT-Chord FRT Label P2P ISP LFRT-Chord Chord : 8.2: P2P P2P P2P 43

52 8.2. DIMINISHED CHORD 8 8.3: 8.4: 8.2 Diminished Chord Diminished Chord[33] Chord P2P P2P Diminished Chord Chord k O(k log k) Diminished Chord O(k) 8.3 Flexible Routing in Grouped DHTs Flexible Routing in Grouped DHTs GTap [34] Tapestry P2P GTap P2P Group Membership Rendezvous GMR GTap GTap Tapestry Autonomous DHT ADHT [35] 8.5 GTap P2P 64 44

53 : 8.6: GTap P2P P2P 8.4 P2P Kademlia P2P P2P Kademlia P2P Kademlia P2P G-Kad Kademlia Kademlia Kademlia

54 LFRT-Chord 46

55 9 9.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 47

56 P2P P2P P2P P2P Kademlia Kademlia P2P Kademlia Chord CAN Pastry Kademlia 3 1. Kademlia P2P P2P G-Kad G-Kad Kademlia Kademlia G-Kad GET Kademlia G-Kad GET G-Kad Kademlia 48

57 G-Kad GET G-Kad G-Kad 8 G-Kad G-Kad 49

58 % 20% 16% 20% Kademlia Kademlia k-buckets α k-buckets k-buckets GET Kademlia Kademlia G-Kad BitTorrent BitTorrent 50

59 Kademlia 9.3 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 51

60 Rodney D.Van Meter III OB SFC Do Thi Thuy Van 6 52

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68 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % UVERworld 2008 Premium LIVE at ( ) , % 24 -TWENTY FOUR , % , % (2 ) , % DOCUMENTARY FILMS Trans ASIA via PARIS , % [ DVD 4 ] 20th Century LIVE TOUR 2009 HONEY HONEY HONEY/We are Coming Century Boys LIVE Tour , % , % (3 ) , % , % 244 ENDLI-x / LIVE DVD , % , % 2 VOL.6 SP [DVD] , % VALUE PRICE , % JAMBOREE TOUR 2009 OTR at ( ) , % X , % / , %! 8 ( ) , % VAMPS LIVE , % TOKYO STAR Tour , % KYOSUKE HIMURO 20th ANNIVERSARY TOUR 2008 JUST MOVIN ON-MORAL PRESENT , % , % , % , % , % ZERO , % : (EVANGELION:1.11) , % ARASHI AROUND ASIA + in DOME , % , % ( ) , % , % COMPLETE CLIPS , % , % AWAKEVE TOUR , % , % NHK! , % ( ) , % 2 60

69 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % , % / 2 : 2-Disc , % , % (2 ) , % Perfume First Tour GAME , % , % , % LIVE IN AWAJISHIMA , % / (2 ) , % : , %!! ( ) 300 DVD(14)( ) 2008 VS , % , % Vol , % , % , % of ROOKIES , % , % , % ROCK N ROLL IN TOKYO DOME , % Vol , % DJ KAORI S INMIX DVD , % EVOLUTION , % YUKI concert New Rhythm Tour , % PLAYZONE , % , % , % USAVICH Season3 / , % ( ) , % Vol , % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol , % , % Axis Powers vol , % OP/ED COLLECTION Volume 1-20th Century , % , % , % Summer Concert 2004 Now 61

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74 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % Quick Cut , % 30th II [ ] , % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol , % FULLMETAL ALCHEMIST , % EXILE LIVE TOUR 2007 EXILE EVOLUTION(3 ) , % II , % HY PACHINAI 5 MAGGY HAKODE TOUR 08 Nartyche , % 300 (2 ) , % TSUBASA IMAI Dance and Rock Tour 09 (2DVD+CD) , % , % X- : ( ) , % TOUR08 THE ROSE TRIMS AGAIN( ) , % , % BOX SET-ARCHIVES , % , % NEO , % , % ( 3 ) , % vol , % LOVE LETTER Tour 2009! , % How did we feel then? flumpool Tour 2009 Unreal Live at Shibuya Club Quattro , % , % THE SECRET , % All About Season , % 5 live archives , % AAA 3rd Anniversary Live ( ) , % , % tour 2005 JOKER , % / 2-Disc , % VS , % V.I.P.-HOT R B/HIPHOP TRAX-DVD MIX , % , % , % 1( ) , % vol , % , % 16 TEXT 66

75 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % A.D. ( ) , % ( 1 ) , % , % , % 27 ( ) , % C D G no ARASHI! Vol , % , % ( 4 ) , % , % 12( ) , % , % LOVE LETTER Tour 2009! , % vol , % ASKA SYMPHONIC CONCERT TOUR 2008 SCENE , % D-WARS , % , %! 09 Hello! Project 2009 Winter , % , % 2008 LIVE , % 00 I , % with C K LIVE TOUR , % , % , % Boys Over Flowers DVD-BOX1 (5 ) , % Hey!Say!JUMP! in , % ( ) , %! 8 ( ) , % , % 5 home , % Mai Kuraki LIVE Tour 2008 touch Me! , % , % ( 2 ) , % AAA TOUR 2009-A DEPARTURE PARTY , % 3 67

76 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % KYOSUKE HIMURO COUNTDOWN LIVE CROSSOVER st STAGE/2nd STAGE , % kuroyume the end CORKSCREW A GO GO! FINAL( ) , % LEGEND , % DISCO , % TM3 (2 ) , % DVD ( 3 ) , % 30th F91 [ ] , % FUNKY MONKEY BABYS , % - -!42.195km BOX ( ) , % /Ken Hirai Films Vol.10 FAKIN POP TOUR , % DVD-BOX , % , % , % , % Boys Over Flowers DVD-BOX2 (5 ) , % HEROES/ 3 DVD-BOX , % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX , % III , % P.S , % ASKA CONCERT TOUR 2009 WALK , % , % , % , % Boys Over Flowers DVD-BOX3 (6 ) , % Hello!Project 2009 Winter / Thank you for your LOVE! , % / , % 3 (2 ) , % , % ( DVD ) , % ( ) , % F FINAL in 68

77 A.1. DVD TOP 500 A , % ( ) , % VIII , % LIVE TOUR ROCK SOUL II , % 1 2 ( ) , % SUPERNATURAL / , %!! 25 DVD (10)( ) 24!! , % , % , % AVP2 VS. ( 2 ) , % , % , % NEWS CONCERT TOUR pacific THE FIRST TOKYO DOME CONCERT , % E.T , % , % PLAYZONE FINAL SHOW TIME Hit Series Change( ) , % DVD , %! , % , % , % HISTORY in JAPAN vol , % NHK! , % - -!42.195km BOX ( ) , % , % , % 2-Disc , %! M VS VS VS DVD , % TUBE Live Around Special 2008 Paradiso , % PV SHOW!!?? , % ( ) , % , % in , % -!!! , % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX 69

78 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A , % IV , % Deco Vs Deco , % , % , % 2009 BIGBANG LIVE CONCERT BIG SHOW , % A.2 DVD Top 500 DVD Top 500 Amazon.co.jp A.2 A.2: 2009 DVD Top % % sf % % % % % % % % % % dvd % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 70

79 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % % % % % % % % dvd % michael jackson % miya % % % % tv % % studio ghibli % % tvxq dbsk % % % % % % % % % % % % % clannad % key % % % clannad after story % clannad dvd % tv % % arashi % % % 71

80 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % % % % f % % % tvxq % % % dj miya % tv % % % % % % % % % % % % % % dvd % % % % % clamp % % % % % % % % % bd % % % 72

81 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % kat-tun % tvxq % live % % % % dvd % % % % % % % % % type-moon % % the garden of sinners % ufotable % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % perfume % % % % % news % j-pop % % % 73

82 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % mr children % mrchildren % % % beat it % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % shinichi tsutsumi % % % % v % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 74

83 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % box % % % % % % % % % % % godfather % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % b z % % % % % % bank band % % kinki kids % % % % 75

84 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % janet jackson % ps % % % % hey say jump % % heysayjump % t % % % % % scifi % 2nd % % % pixar % % % % % % dvd % % % % % % % % kalafina % % % % % % % % % % % pv % larcenciel % 76

85 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % % % % % smallville % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % ymo % % % % dvd % % mtv % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 77

86 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % revo % sound horizon % jimang % rikki % % % % % % % % % % % % % tv % % % team nacs % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % aska % % % % % % % % % ps % % ps3 78

87 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % ps % ps % ps % ps % ps % ps % % % % collection % collection % pv % % % % % exile % % exile live dvd % smap % blu-ray % best fiction tour % 79

88 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % % % umd % % tvxq tvxq % bbc % mj % mj % % % % bz 80

89 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % mr children live dvd % rock % kinki kids live dvd % kinkiyou kinki kids % music videos aaa % pabo % % biohazard % capcom % residentevil % % % satc % budoukaaaaaaaaaan 81

90 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A uc % % % sf % % cg % 7 3splash trick live tour koda kumi % % this is it % man in the mirror % mj % smooth criminal % ayu % ayumi hamasaki dvd 82

91 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A dvd live best live % aiko % br % br clear all % dreams come true % live % sprinter % unicorn % ebi % % % % 83

92 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % v % salyu % co % eco-reso % % % % % % 84

93 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % bd % the last princess % l arc en ciel % larc en ciel % tetsuya % % % l arc % 85

94 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % animation % madonna % twenty four % tt % % % coming century % endlicheri endlicheri % spitz % hyde % % % guitarhythm % % % arata 86

95 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % p % m % cs % % game % capsule % 3 87

96 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % djkaori % dragonball evolution % yuki % judy and mary % yuki nrg arashi % box arashi % jj % % % blu-ray % mononoke 88

97 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % % dog % super driver % % saw % % % % % non style % staple stable 89

98 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % moira % sound % % clapton % jeff beck % vinnie colaiuta % eric clapton % jimmy page % tal wilkenfeld % cars % paul newman 90

99 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % this is america % usa for africa % % % % % % % the yellow monkey sf x-men % % superfly 91

100 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % % ambivalent world % ryo % supercell % % % % naruto % naruto dvd % % % dmc 92

101 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A ii % rc % % % ova % % % w-inds 93

102 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % w-inds % ance % transformers % jennifer hudson % % dvd % bank band with great artists % ttt 94

103 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A fullmetal alchemst fadvd % five % x-files % dir en grey % xenophobia dvd % flumpool % clint eastwood % x % % disc % asian kung-fu generation % 9mm parabellum bullet % janne da arc 95

104 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A vs dvd % d-wars % vfx % % % umdvideo % a b c-z % ps3 v % % mai kuraki % mai-k % aaa dvd 96

105 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % funky monkey babys % mrbig % music blu-ray dvd % greeeen % tbs % % % may n % supernatural % supernatural % arasi % kis-my-ft % megadeth 97

106 A.2. DVD TOP 500 A % a % zombies cue % % dvd dvd % rookies 98

107 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % big bang A.1 Frequency Rank 1 A.1: 2009 DVD Top 500 A.1 A.3 DVD Top 500 DVD Top 500 Amazon.co.jp DVD Top 500 A.3 99

108 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A A.3: 2009 DVD Top % % (2 ) % % GOEMON % % % % % % % %! VALUE PRICE % % 3 (2 ) % DVD % % % G.I % % % % % DVD % % ( ) % % namie amuro BEST FICTION TOUR % % % %!! ( ) 300 DVD 15( ) 24 [DVD] % Koda Kumi Live Tour 2009 TRICK % LIVE( ) % % % % ( ) 100

109 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % (2 ) % ( ) % % DVD % % DVD % DVD % % ( ) % % % % DVD % DVD % TIM % % % % % % % % % % % 20 ( 2 ) % % % % ZERO II % EXILE LIVE TOUR 2009 THE MONSTER % GO!5!KAELAND % % K % % (2 ) % % % TM3 (2 ) % II % F( ) % ARASHI AROUND ASIA 2008 in TOKYO % 101

110 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % TOUR % % % % R2 volume % F( ) % R2 volume % R2 volume % % % % % % % ( ) % 30th F91 [ ] % R2 volume % F( ) % % SUMMER TOUR 2007 FINAL Time % 5 10 All the BEST! CLIPS % HERO % Mr.Children HOME TOUR 2007 in the field % X % % Part II % Mr.Children Tour % B z LIVE-GYM Pleasure 2008-GLORY DAYS % % % 2 VOL.6 SP [DVD] % / % % 30th [ ] % ARASHI AROUND ASIA + in DOME % C D G no ARASHI! Vol % C D G no ARASHI! Vol.2 102

111 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % % 007 (2 ) % (2 ) % / 2-Disc % AVP2 VS. ( ) % FUNKY MONKEY BABYS % 27 ( ) % % % F( ) % Summer Concert 2004 Now % % DVD-BOX % TOKYO STAR Tour % 4TH LIVE TOUR 2009-THE SECRET CODE-FINAL IN TOKYO DOME % % % % %!! 25 DVD (10)( ) 24!! % Vol % 2 DVD-BOX(VOL.4 VOL.5) % % % 1( ) % % vol % % How s it going? Summer Concert % % with C K LIVE TOUR % 3rd LIVE TOUR 2008 T % All About Season % All About Season % E.T % % % % 2 103

112 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A %!!( )20 DVD (12)( ) % % % % % % % % % % ( ) % % % % % 1st LIVE TOUR 2006 Heart Mind and Soul %! 1 100! % Perfume BUDOUKaaaaaaaaaaN!!!!! % 2nd LIVE TOUR 2007 Five in the Black % All About % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol % HISTORY in JAPAN Vol % HISTORY in JAPAN vol % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX % YUKI concert New Rhythm Tour % %!!( )20 DVD (13)( )!!!+! % Vol % Vol % EVOLUTION % DVD BOX2 ( ) % vol % vol % % % % 12( ) 104

113 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % NHK %! % % % II % : % SUPERNATURAL / % DVD BOX % Ringo EXPO % % 30th I[ ] % 30th II [ ] % 4 ( 1 ) % % ayumi hamasaki ASIA TOUR th Anniversary % / (2 ) % ROCK N ROLL IN TOKYO DOME % ZEROII % 20th Anniversary DREAMS COME TRUE CONCERT TOUR 2009? ( ) % % % [DVD] % : Vol % 24 -TWENTY FOUR % 30th III [ ] % % ( ) % NHK!! % ayumi hamasaki PREMIUM COUNTDOWN LIVE A % VOLUME II % 105

114 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % We Are The World 20th % ZERO II % : % % Perfume First Tour GAME % ICHI % : % D-WARS % / ( ) % / % ( 3 ) % ( 2 ) % NEO % % ( 4 ) % % TOUR 2 9 PUZZLE % % % DANGEROUS % NUMBER ONES % DVD ap bank fes % ROOKIES ( ) ( )BOX % % / 2 : 2-Disc % in % MW % ROOKIES - - LAST DVD ALBUM % / % % % % % III % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 7 ( ) % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 6 ( ) % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 4 ( ) 106

115 A.3. DVD TOP 500 A % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 5 ( ) % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 3 ( ) % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 2 ( ) % CLANNAD AFTER STORY 8 ( ) % F FINAL in % EXILE LIVE TOUR 2007 EXILE EVOLUTION(3 ) % 2008 Vol % DJ KAORI S INMIX DVD % NEWS LIVE DIAMOND % NEWS CONCERT TOUR pacific THE FIRST TOKYO DOME CONCERT % KAT-TUN LIVE TOUR 2008 QUEEN OF PIRATES % HEROES/ 3 DVD-BOX % NHK! % DVD %! % % ( ) % / ( ) % LIVE IN PARIS %! % Axis Powers vol % Axis Powers vol % Axis Powers vol % VS % Axis Powers vol % II % I % VIII % DVD ( 3 ) % ( 2 ) % ( 1 ) % Hey!Say!JUMP! in % TSUBASA IMAI Dance and Rock Tour 09 (2DVD+CD) % : (EVANGELION:1.11) % 2008 LIVE % X % 107