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1 Human Rights Now
2 DV DV NGO CEDAW Annex DV Annex DV Annex DV NGO NGO (Domestic Violence DV) 1 DV DV NGO DV 2005 DV (Protection on the Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 DV ) DV DV DV 1 ICRW(international center for research on women) Report of the Working Group on Empowerment of Women 1
3 (Delih) (Rahasthan) 1987 DV 3, DV The Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur DV NGO Rajasthan State Commission for Women 16 Rajasthan University Women s Association RUWA 16 Women s Police Station Mahila Thana NGO DV Dr. Pawan Surana 17 NGO Vishakha Vishakha Sedhereyo Ki Dani 17 United Nations Fund for Population Activities: UNFPA 17 Department of Women& Child Development 18 NGO Jagori Lawyers Collective LC S.R. DV LC 20 NGO Human Rights Law Network: HRLN YWCA JICA NGO Multiple Action Research Center MARC 2 Lawyers Collective Women s Rights Initiative, Staying Alive First Monitoring & Evaluation Report 2007 on the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005, 2
4 sati sutee dowry death female infanticide acid attack witch hunting child marriage purdah parda (Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961) Roop Kanwar DV India Together: No country for women, 29 April 2008, 6 3
5 DV NGO 8 (Ministry of Home Affairs) (National Crime Records Bureau NCRB) , , p p Secretary General s In-Depth Study On All Forms of Violence against Women, 2006, pp , A/61/122/Add.1, ( ) 9 The National Crime Recors Bureau, Ministry of Home Affair, 4
6 % ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (%) (%) (%) IPC376 15,847 18,233 18,359 19,348 20, IPC ,296 15,578 15,750 17,414 20, IPC304 6,208 7,026 6,787 7,618 8, DV IPC498 50,703 58,121 58,319 63,128 75, ,939 34,567 34,175 36,617 38, IPC354 IPC509 12,325 10,001 9,984 9,966 10, IPC ,684 3,592 3,204 4,504 5, , , , , , NCRB (1) (Indian Penal Code, 1860) 376 Madhya Pradesh 3, % % (2) 304 B DV , ,093 (Uttar Pradesh) 2,076 (Bihar) 1, % % 4 1 1,460 Orissa (3) 498 A Andhra Pradesh 5
7 (4) % 96.4% 29.0% 17.5% (5) 509 3, , % 49.9% (1) Republic of India Bharat Ganrajya 10 2, , % 13.4% 2.3% 1.9% 0.8% 0.4% 18 8 (2)
8 ~ Indian Administrative Service 18 (3) p.762 7
9 district District Magistrate collector block (4) jāti 4 17 scheduled castes (scheduled tribes) Other Backward Castes reservation 341 p (5) p p p317 8
10 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: RSS Bharatiya Janata Party: BJP) Ayodhya (1) (2) 25 ( 348 ) ( 32 ) ( 143 ) ( p p p Judicial System and Reforms in Asian Countries: The Case of India, Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO), 2001, INDIAN LAW INSTITUTE, New Delhi p
11 ) ( 136 ) (3) 21 5 (4) (the Code of Civil Procedure,CPC) (the Code of Criminal Procedure, Cr. P.C.)) (Family Courts Act) 61 family court district court ( 7 (1)) (1) ( 1772 ) 29 courts of session, courts of judicial magistrates, courts of executive magistrate 3 30 The Family Court Act the Ministry of law & Justice, Department of Justice 31 The Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C.) Section p Warren Hastings
12 (2) (1) 1992 (UNDP) (Human Poverty Index) % %( ) 39%( ) 14%(2004 ) 20%( ) 5 47%( ) 62.9 ( ) 56/1000(2005) 5 74/1000(2005) 450/100,000(2005) 20% 76.4% ( ) (2) ) (Kerala) 1,058 (Haryana) 861 2) UNDP Human Development Report The Census of India 2001, Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissione, India, http//censusindia.gov.in/. 11
13 (3) 48% Integrated Rural Development Programme (3) ( 100 ) (Exp) (4.77%) (Exp) (3.8%) (BE) (4.58) 40 (Gender-related development index, GDI) (USD) 1620(USD) 34% %( 93%) 50%( 80%) 9%( 70%) 59% 47%(2007 ) 59% 49%(2008 ) 15 27% 52%( ) (2007 ) 450 (2008 ) %(2001 ) 100% (urban) (1) 14 38Ministry of Child and Women Development Gender Budgeting in India, 39 The Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur Kanchan Mathur Report of the Working Group on Empowerment of Women 42 UNICEF (2004 ) 12
14 15 ( ) ( ) ( ) 73 (1992 ) 33% (2) 1) (1976 ) ) (1956 ) 62% 78% 75% 1/4 44 3) (1948 ) (1970 ) (1948 ) (1923 ) 44 WID ( ) 45 Hindu Marriage Act,1955 (Hindu Succession Act, 1956) (The Muslim Personal Law(Shariat)Application Act, 1937) (Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939) Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce)Act 1986 Indian Divorce Act
15 (3) a ( ) 5 16 (CEDAW) (1) 50 ( ) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 49 Concluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: India. 02/02/2007. CEDAW/C/IND/CO/3. (Concluding Observations/Comments) p p
16 ( ) p p p
17 (2) DV (3) Shah Bahno 1985 Shah Bahno ( ) p Flavia Agnes, Protecting Women against Violence? Review of a Decade of Legislation, , Economic and Political Weekly, April 25, 1992( F. Agnes ) 58 F. Agnes p.19 16
18 (political will) 2. (1) DV DV (2) 1) Anti-Dowry Awareness Raising Forum Dahej Virodhi Chetna Jagori The Progressive Organisation of Women in Hyderabad Kanchan Mathur, Body as Space, Body as Site: Bodily Integrity and Women s Empowement in India, Economic & Political Weekly, April 26, 2008, p
19 ) A) 15, B) 1986 Dowry Death 304 B 7 C) Indian Evidence Act,1872 (amended in 1986) NCRB , , F. Agnes p The Dowry Prohibition (Maintenance of list of presents to the bride and bridegroom) Rules 1885 The Dowry Prohibition (Maintenance of list of presents to the bride and bridegroom) Rules F. Agnes F.Agnes p.25 18
20 DV (1) DV DV DV 1) DV DV DV DV (National Family Health Survey NFHS ( ) (2007 ) IndiaSAFE(Indian Studies of Abuse in the Family Environment) A NFHS Jagori 65 A.K.Srivastava, P.Arora, Suspicious Deaths in Newly Married Females A Medicolegal Analysis, Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, (4), pp.63-67, Indian Medical Center ,
21 IndiaSAFE % B 49% 18% IndiaSAFE 12~15% 27~34% C (2) 1) 1980 DV DV DV DV 498(a) 2) A) 498 A (cruelty) 3 cruelty (a) (b) 20
22 A (a) 498(a) DV DV 2005 DV 4. (1) (2) 1) Roop Kanwar F.Agnes p F. Agnes 489 A(a) F.Agnes p.26 21
23 70 The Rajasthan Sati (Prevention) Ordinance, (Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987) 2) ,000 2,000 5 (1) Dudhapiti (olender berries) , (2) 1) NGO RUWA Dr. Dawan Surana Kanchan Mathur p Dr. Dawan Surana 73 India Together: No country for women, 29 April 2008, 74 The Forum against Sex-Determination and Sex-Preselection Techniques, The doctors against Sex-Determination and Sex F.Agnes p.31 22
24 ) The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques Regulation and Prevention of Misuse Act, (4 (2) ) (5 (2)) 23 3 (24 ) (3) (1) 1929 the Child Marriage Restrain Act (2 ) (3,4,6 ) National Family Health Survery (NFHS) % % 79 (2) the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, Prohibition Officer 75 F. Agnes 1971 The Medical Termination of Pregnancy, UNFPA HRLN 79http:// 23
25 (3) (1) 1) Mathura ) B 376 C) 376 D HRLN 81UNICEF (2007 ) Mathura 2 Mathura Mathra (F.Agnes p.20) 24
26 3) (2) 1) Women s Development Programme ) (sexual harassment complaint committee) Suman Rani 10 5 (F.Agnes p.20) 84 Vishakha VISHAKA & ORS. Vs. STATE OF RAJASTHAN & ORS., 13 Augst 1997, Supreme Court of India, 85 (F.Agnes ) 86 NGO (F.Agnes ) 87 F.Agnes 88 The Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill
27 8. (1) 1) (2007 ) 2) 89 (2) (1) 90 Campaign and Struggle against Acid Attacks on Women CSAAW 91 89HRLN 90 HRLN HRLN
28 (2) National Commission for Women Prevention of offence (by Acid) Act (1) ( ) DV DV ( ) (2) 6 B A B A B A B A B B B B B A Burnt, but not defeated ( ) 27
29 (3) NGO DV DV. DV DV 1 DV 2005 DV DV DV ( ) 498 A DV DV DV MARC DV DV DV 28
30 92 - DV 1990 NGO Lawyers Collective DV DV NGO DV DV DV DV DV (1) DV DV DV (DV 3 ) (a) (b) (c) (a) (b) (d) DV DV DV 92 DV F Agnes 13 (F.Agnes Making Laws Work for Women- The Polential of Existing Laws against Domestic Violence, Sep-Oct 2006 Manushi, No.156) 93 Lawyers Collective NGO HIV/AIDS 29
31 (2) DV Protection Officer PO Service Provider SP PO DV DV NGO SP PO PO PO Domestic Incident Report DIR PO PO SP SP DV (10 ) SP PO SP (DIR) PO SP (9 12 ) PO SP PO SP PO PO SP A PO SP (3) PO SP (9 12 ) PO SP DIR 3 60 (12 ) AP Aggravated Person, PO AP SP Police PO 94The Legal Services Authorities Act
32 DV 1) (18 ) 2) (19 ) 3) (20 ) 4) (21 ) 5) (22 ) 6) (Ex Parte, 23 ) 7) (23 ) shared household DV (17 ) prima facie case 1 2 (31 ) (4) 3 DV 2005 DV (1) DV DV DV (2) DV DV DV 1) DV DV 31
33 DV 2) DV 17 3) DV PO SP PO SP PO SP (6 7 ) PO SP DV NGO SP 10 ( 30 ) ( 10 ) NGO SP 4) DV (18 ) DV (20 ) (22 ) 4. DV (1) DV 1) DV DV DV 32
34 DV 95 2) DV PO SP 3) PO PO SP NPO PO SP 4) PO SP (2) - DV 10 NGO Lawyers Collective UNIFEM 2007 LC LC ) A) DV ,913 3, DV DV B) DV Lawyers Collective Staying Alive First Monitoring & Evaluation Report 2007 on the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act Monitoring and Evaluation report (M&E) 2008 report of the Lawyer`s Collective and the Women`s Rigthts Initiative, 33
35 (139) Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh 0 0 Assam Bihar 64 0 Chhatisgarh Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and NA NA Kashmir Jharkhand 13 Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra and Goa (Bombay) Manipur 13 0 Meghalaya 0 0 Mizoram 0 0 Nagaland 0 0 Orissa 12 1 Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim 2 0 Tamil Nadu 37 0 Tripura 1 0 Uttaranchal Uttar Pradesh* West BengalNCT 54 3 Delhi Total 7913 Total Chhatisgarh 5 8 LC 34
36 C) PO PO PO 99 PO 2) A) (PO) a) LC PO (district) taluka block PO , LC 2008 PO 70 PO b) PO PO PO PO PO 64% PO PO 99 PO 35
37 PO PO B) (SP) LC 2007 SP SP SP (72) (59) (39) SP C) PO SP DV PO SP SP PO PO SP DIR SP NGO DIR DIR PO SP PO DV DIR PO 3) LC DV A) LC 2007 DV 7 B) 39 A The Legal Services Authorities Act (district) (taluka) C) LC 2007 DV 4) LC DV 2005 PO 14 DV LC 36
38 DV LC PO DV LC LC ,751 PO (3)DV Lawyers Collective DV 1) A)NGO Jagori Nandini Rao (Jagori ) DV DV DV DV 100 DV DV DV B) Multiple Action Research Center Vrinda Grover( ) DV NGO DV C) PO ( ) (1) 19 PO Meghalaya Impulse NGO Network DV 37
39 PO 2 2 SP DV PO PO 50 3 PO DV 2) A) NGO Women s Rehabilitation Group Women s Resource Centre Dr. Renuka Pameeka (Women s Rehabilitation Group) Mowta Jaitoley (Women s Resource Centre) DV PO PO PO PO PO DV DV PO SP NGO SP SP SP SP 101 PO Vishakha 38
40 SP SP 4. DV DV DV DV (1)NGO RUWA 1) % NGO RUWA ) DV 19 RUWA RUWA 3) 4) 60-70% 20% 39
41 2/135 (2) (Q1) DV (A1) DV 7 (Q2) (A2) (1) DV DV 10 DV DV PO DV 40
42 SP DV DV DV DV impunity) (2) DV PO DV NGO 41
43 . NGO 1. 1) ) national machinery 10 5 NGO (2) (Ministry of Women and Children Development) 1985 The Ministry of Human Resource Development 2006 ( ) NGO Swadhar 104 Swadar (NCW) 102F.Agnes p http:// NGO 9 42
44 (3) (National Commission for Women) National Commission for Women Act, DV 105 State Commission of Women Act ( ) 106 (4) (National Human Rights Commission in India) NGO (5) woman s police station 1989 NGO NGO 2. (1) International Center for Research on Women ICRW HIV/AIDS The Punjab State Commission for Women Act, (8) (4)
45 ICRW ICRW (2) UNFPA 108 UNFPA( ) UNFPA 1994 PCPNDT (3) UNIFEM UNIFEM National Media Campaign UNIFEM Kannada Marathi DV Lawyers Collective (4) UNDP UNDP HIV (5)UNICEF 109 UNICEF 108UNFPA UNICEF
46 UNICEF (5) World Bank World Bank Andhra Pradesh SHGs (6) NGO 2005 DV 1980 NGO NGO 111 (1) Lawyers Collective-- Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS The Lawyers Collective Women's Rights Initiative Lawyers Collective DV the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act Lawyers Collective DV NGO Core Group DV LCWRI DV PO NGO (2 JAGORI Jagori( awaken women ) 1984 NGO 110http:// 111 NGO 45
47 JAGORI Safe Delhi NGO 24 JAGORI JAGORI JAGORI 112 (3) The Human Rights Law Network(HRLN) HRLN HRLN Women s Justice Initiative(WJI) WJI DV HIV/AIDS WJI (4) Multiple Action Research Center DAC OECD 2006 ODA Jagori Jagori ( 113 HP 46
48 ( ) JICA WID India ( ) 114 SIDA DANIDA USAID EU ODA ODA Sati DV (1) 114 WID India ( ) NGO 2 ODA The Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur Kanchan Mathur 47
49 early marriage / (2) ,473,122 29,381,657 27,091, / ) ) /1,000 3) /1,000 4) ,000 5) ) ) ) (3) (Sedhereyo ki dani) 120 The Institute of Development Studies, Jaipur Kanchan Mathur 48
50 DV Towards Equality (WDP) 1984 WDP SWRC Social Work and Research Centre Seva Mandir NGO WDP Social Work and Research Centre Sewa Mandir NGO 49
51 sathin sathin Self Help Group SHG DV State Policy for Women (Self Help) 3. DV DV DV (1) (Rajasthan State Commission for Women)) 1) A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) DV 11 DV 2) (A) (B) (C) Awareness and Capacity Building Camp 3 A) ( ) UNFPA
52 Dawan Surana 30. Dawan Surana ( ) UNICEF NGO ) 200km 200 DV )DV 4 DV B) ) 122 Integrated Population Development Project of Medical and Health Department National Rural Health Mission 51
53 ) ) NGO ) NGO NGO C) 1 NGO RSW 1 (2) (Women s Police Station Mahila Thana) DV ( ) DV NGO NGO (3) DV DV NGO DV Dr, Sarita Singh DV DV DV PO PO PO NGO PO PO SP PO SP 79 sathin 52
54 District Women Assistance Committee DV (collector) NGO 2 4. NGO 1) 1975 NGO DV 12 NGO (Coalition) Mahila Saugthan (Women s Group in Rajasthan) 124 A) 1989 woman s police station NGO B) DV DV NGO DV PO SP NGO DV NGO DV NGO 123 Collector 124 Women s Group in Rajasthan, Mahila Sangthan Women s Rehabilitation Group Rajasthan University Women s Association Vividha(Women s resource center) All India Janwadi Mahila Saugthan (Muslim women s group) National Federation of Indian Women All India Progression Women s Association People s Union for Child Liberties Vishakka- Women s center Bharat Gyau Vidhyau Sanini All India Muslim Women Welfare Association Academy for Socio Legal Studies Women s Wing of State Employee s of Rajasthan. 53
55 NGO DV C) DV 95 NGO 2) RUWA Rajasthan University Women s Association A) RUWA 1975 ( ) NGO 500 B)RUWA a) RUWA Women s police station 2000 b) ( ) 3) Vishakha A)
56 DV Vishakha 32 Village Center 9 Mahila Selah Eva Suresh Kendra ( ) Amanda B) Vishakha a)mahila Selah Eva Suresh Kendra( ) , C) Vishakha D) DV Vishakha DV 60 1 PO DV DV DV 125http:// (visited on 27-Oct,2008)
57 5. UNICEF UNFPA (1) UNICEF UNICEF (2) UNFPA UNFPA DV HIV UNFPA DV Sunil Thomas Jacob UNFPA DV UNFPA Family Counseling Center 8 DV 1 UNFPA UNFPA NGO (Q1) (A1) DWCD All women s development project sathin sathin (Self Help) SATHIN 6. 56
58 NGO 100 sathin NGO DV DV DV 3,700 6 ( ) V DV PO DV NGO DV DV 1. ( ) (Right to Life) 57
59 (Respect) (ensure) Velasquez Rodriguez v. Honduras (due diligence) ( 7 A/HRC/7/3 15 January 2008) (30 ) (due diligence) (31,32 ) (44 ) DV Committee against Torture general comment No. 2 (2007) on the implementation of article 2 by States parties, para
60 Maria da Penha v.brazil 129 DV DV DV (a) ( ) (b) (c) 4. ( 19) ( 48/ ) 4 129Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, case No , Maria da Penha v. Brazil, 16 April
61 6. (1) 19 (9 ) DV DV The Vienna Intervention Centre against Domestic Violence and the Association for Women s Access to Justice on behalf of Hakan Goekce, Handan Goekce, and Guelue Goekce v. Austria, No.5/2003 The Vienna Intervention Centre against Domestic Violence and the Association for Women s Access to Justice on behalf of Banu Akbak,Gulen Khan, and Melissa Ozdemir v. Austria,No.6/ Ms. A. T. v. Hungary No.2/
62 CEDAW ( CEDAW ) DV the Protection of Women form Domestic Violence CEDAW ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (8) CEDAW (a) 16 (1) (11 ) (12,13 ) scheduled caste, scheduled tribe, backward class and minority women (15 ) 2. ( ) 133Concluding comments of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: India, CEDAW/c/Ind/CO/3, 2 February National Policy on the Empowerment of Women,2001 National Policy on Person with Disabilities, 2005 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, par.4, 5, 6 CEDAW/c/Ind/CO/3. 61
63 (16 ) (17 ) 3. (Legal Service Authority Act) (18 19 ) DV 2005 DV (20 ) DV ( ) (21 ) 5. (22 ) (23 ) 6. (26,27 ) 7. (34 35 ). 8. (39-41 ) 62
64 (39 40 ) (40 ) (41 ) 9. (54-59 ) (Special Marriage Act) (54 55 ) ( ) (56-59 ). DV NGO DV DV PO CEDAW DV DV ( ) 1. DV 1) DV DV 2) A DV 11 63
65 B 70% 2. DV ( ) 3. DV DV DV 4. DV DV DV DV (PO) PO DV 64
66 1) PO 2) PO 6. DV 7. DV 8. 1) DV DV 2) DV 2% 9. 65
67 10. NGO NGO 24 NGO NGO 11. ( ) 12. (Legal Service Authority Act) CEDAW LC DV 13. DV DV 1) DV 66
68 2) DV DV 3) DV ( ) 16. DV NGO 67
69 Annex DV 1. NHFS(National Health and Family Survey) IndiaSAFE(Indian Studies of Abuse in the Family Environment) 135 ICRW(International Centre for Research on Women) NFHS (1)NFHS NFHS IIPS International Institute for Population Science DV NFHS2 NFHS NFHS, NFHS DHS(Demographic Health Survery) IndiaSAFE(India Studies of Abuse in the Family Environment) ICRW ORC Macro USAID (the United States Agency for International Development) IIPS UNICEF ORC Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) 68
70 DV (2) NFHS DV NHFS2 1) DV NFHS ,385 NFHS3 NFHS2 2) DV NFHS3 DV 138 NFHS3 WHO DV (Conflict Tactics Scale CTS) CTS DV 139 NFHS3 3) CTS CTS Murray A. Straus & Richard J. Gelles, Physical violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8, 145 Families, (Transaction 1990), p.21. Kersti A. Yllö, Through a Feminist Lens: Gender, Power, and Violence, in R. J. Gelles & D. R. Loseke eds., Current Controversies on Family Violence, (Sage 1993), p. 50., 69
71 4) A) B)
72 49% C) D) E) 54% 51 F) G) IndiaSAFE (Indian Studies of Abuse in the Family Environment) (1) Indian Clinical Epidemiology Network IndiaCLEN International Center for Research on Women ICRW
73 (2) 7 Bhopal, Nagapur, ,000 (3) (4) 1) 26 slap % ) 3) % ) (normal) 72
74 5) 12~15 27~ NHFS3 IndiaSAFE IndiaSAFE 18 NHFS3 IndiaSAFE NHFS3 IndiaSAFE NHFS DV 141 Annex DV DV 141 Heise et.al 1999 Ending Violence against Women. Population Report 73
75 1.DV NGO RUWA DV ( ) Vishakha Sedhereyo ki dani Vishakha A (55 ) P Vishakha 3 1 S Vishakha Annex DV DV ( ) 74
76 The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 ( ) 56 1.( ) (1) the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (2) (3) 2.( ) (a) (aggrieved person) DV (b) 18 (c) (compensation order) 22 (d) (custody order) 21 (e) (domestic incident report) DV (f) (domestic relationship) (g)dv 3 (h) 2 (i) (magistrate) DV ( ;Code of Criminal Procedure) (j) (medical facility) (k) (monetary relief) DV (l) (notification) (m) (prescribed) (n)po(protection officer) 8 (1) (o) (protection order) 18 (p) (residence order) 19 (1) (q) (respondent) ( ) 75
77 (r)sp(service provider) 10 (1) (s) (shares household) (t) (shelter home) 3.(DV ) DV (a) (b) (c)(a) (b) (d) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (a) (b) ( ) (a) (b) (stridhan) (c) ( ) ( ) DV 4. (PO ) (1)DV PO 76
78 (2)(1) 5.( SP ) PO SP DV DV (a) (b) SP (c)po (d) ( ;the Legal Services Authorities Act,1987) (e) ( ) 6.( ) PO SP 7 ( ) PO SP 8 (PO ) (1) PO PO (2)PO (3)PO 9 (PO ) (1)PO (a) (b)dv SP (c) (d) DV (e) SP (f) (g) DV (medical report) 77
79 (h) 20 (i) (2)PO 10 (SP) (1) ( ; Societies Registration Act, 1860) ( ; the Company Act,1956) SP (2)(1) SP (a) DV DV PO (b) DV PO (c) DV (3)DV SP SP 11 ( ) (a) (b) (c)dv (d) 12.( ) (1) SP PO SP (2)(1) DV (3)(1) (4) (first date of hearing) (5) (1) 13.( ) (1)12 78
80 PO (2)PO (declaration) 14.( ) (1) SP (2)(1) 15.( ) 16.( ) 17.( ) (1) (2) 18.( ) DV (a)dv (b)dv (c) (d) (e) (f) DV (g) 19.( ) (1)12 (1) DV (a) 79
81 (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) ((b) ) (2) (3) DV (4) (3) ( ) 8 (5) (1) (3) (6)(1) (7) (8) 20.( ) (1)12 (1) DV (a) (b) (c) (d)( 125 ) (2) (3) (4)(1) (5) (1) (6)(1) 21.( ) 80
82 22.( ) DV 23.( ) (1) (interim) (2) DV DV ( ) SP SP 25.( ) (1)18 (2) 26.( ) (1) (2)(1) (3) 27.( ) (1) (metropolitan magistrate) (a) (b) (c) (2) 28.( ) (1) (2)(1) (2) 81
83 29.( ) 30 (Court of Session) 30.( PO SP) PO SP ( ) (1) 2 (2)(1) (3)(1) 498A 32.( ) (1) ( ) 31 (1) (2) 31 (1) 33.(PO ) PO 2 34.(PO ) PO 35.( ) PO 36.( ) 37.( ) (1) (2) (a)po 8 (2) (b)po 8 (3) (c) 9 (1)(b) (d) 9 (1)(c) (e) 9 (1)(d) (f)po 9 (1)(i) 82
84 (g)10 (1) SP (h)12 (1) 12 (3) (i) 13 (1) (j)po 13 (2) (k) SP 14 (1) (l) (affidavit) 23 (m) (3) 30 83
85 Human Rights Now info@ngo-hrn.org
1 2 : : ADSI OECD : Dowry : Key words : I 1. BRICS 7.5% IMF : Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India ADS
1 2 : 15 29 : ADSI OECD 1995 2013 : 45 59 30 44 15 29 30 44 Dowry : Key words : I 1. BRICS 7.5% IMF : 2016 4 Accidental Deaths & Suicides in IndiaADSI 2014 131,666 1 20 1994 89,195 1.5 40 1974 46,008 2.9
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アジア女性研究第 20 号 ( ) 1. 女性のエンパワーメントのためのアプローチ 1 エンパワーメントの定義 : : conscientization 2
問題解決型エンパワーメント アプローチの効果と課題 インド アンドラ プラデシュ州 マヒラー サマーキアーの事例をもとに はじめに APMSS: Andhra Pradesh Mahila Samatha Society 1 アジア女性研究第 20 号 ( 2011. 3) 1. 女性のエンパワーメントのためのアプローチ 1 エンパワーメントの定義 : : conscientization 2 問題解決型エンパワーメント
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はじめに 1. dowry と ダウリ 2. ダウリと上昇婚 3. インドにおける 財産権 と 婚姻 4. ムスリム女性と婚姻 財産権 5. ヒンドゥー女性と婚姻 財産権 6. クリスチャンの女性と婚姻 財産権 終わりに はじめに bridegroom price' Caplan hypergamy hypogamy cf Tambiah 1. Dowryと ダウリ dowry http://newsbbccouk/
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nurses All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in print, by photostatic means
Nurses, Always There For You United Against Violence ICN ICN 1 nurses All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in print, by photostatic
第１章 調査の概要
1997 8 10 NPPTNPPT 1-4 5-9 12 3 PC AL PC1,611 AL181 PC UNDP 2001 162 99 75 83 92 103 15 88.51999 1 93.9 84.0 2 2490 2000 3 765.74.84.11.5 4 3 4 44 8900km 2 1.2 14 1 2-1 km 2 1km 2 166.6 1,530.2