現在 公的所得移転 (Public transfers) は 65 歳以上の者の所得の 48% を占めており 平均の 59% を大きく下回っている 日本では高齢者の所得に占める労働所得 (Work) の割合が 他の 諸国と比べてかなり大きく 平均が 24% に対して日本は 44% である 残りは資本
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![[Version in English follows from page 4] 図表で見る年金 2013 年版 と G20 の指標 日本 日本の実効退職年齢は 諸国の中で最も高い水準である 将来の退職者の退職後所得の水準は課題となるかもしれない 現在及び予定された年金支給開始年齢が男性 女性ともに 65 歳であるにもかかわらず 国際比較でみた日本の実効退職年齢は高い 平均は男性 64.](/docs-images/49/25920594/images/1-0.png "2 歳 女性 63.6 歳であるが 日本はそれぞれ 69.1 歳と 66.7 歳である 日本の高齢者の労働市場への参加率は高い 例えば 平均では 60-64 歳人口の 47.0% 65-69 歳人口の 23.5% が労働市場に参加しているが 日本の割合はそれぞれ 60.5% と 38.")
1 [Version in English follows from page 4] 図表で見る年金 2013 年版 と G20 の指標 日本 日本の実効退職年齢は 諸国の中で最も高い水準である 将来の退職者の退職後所得の水準は課題となるかもしれない 現在及び予定された年金支給開始年齢が男性 女性ともに 65 歳であるにもかかわらず 国際比較でみた日本の実効退職年齢は高い 平均は男性 64.2 歳 女性 63.6 歳であるが 日本はそれぞれ 69.1 歳と 66.7 歳である 日本の高齢者の労働市場への参加率は高い 例えば 平均では 歳人口の 47.0% 歳人口の 23.5% が労働市場に参加しているが 日本の割合はそれぞれ 60.5% と 38.2% である 長く働くことは 年金制度を財政的 社会的にさらに持続可能なものにすることに貢献するだろう 日本では少子化と長寿命により人口の高齢化が急速に進んでおり 現在は退職者一人につき 2.5 人の現役世代がいるが 2060 年にはこれが 1.2 人になる 日本の長い就労期間は 高齢期のための貯蓄を促し 退職への移行をスムーズにすることにも役立つだろう 実効退職年齢 Men Women Source: Pensions at a Glance (2013) 1
2 現在 公的所得移転 (Public transfers) は 65 歳以上の者の所得の 48% を占めており 平均の 59% を大きく下回っている 日本では高齢者の所得に占める労働所得 (Work) の割合が 他の 諸国と比べてかなり大きく 平均が 24% に対して日本は 44% である 残りは資本所得 (Capital) であるが国際比較でみると低く 平均が 18% に対して日本は 8% である 日本の将来の退職者についての年金の所得代替率は 諸国と比べて低い 平均賃金の者が退職までずっと働いた場合 公的年金制度からそれまでの平均所得の 36% を受け取ることができるが これは 諸国で下から 3 番目の水準である また 低所得者の所得代替率は約 50% であるが これは 諸国で下から 4 番目の水準である したがって退職後所得の水準は 将来の高齢者にとっての課題となるかもしれない 現在のところ 65 歳以上の者のうち貧困のリスクを抱える割合 ( 相対的貧困率 ) については 平均が 12.8% に対して日本は 19.4% である 高齢者の所得の内訳 2000 年代後半 Public transfers Work Capital Hungary Belgium Ireland Italy Germany United Kingdom New Zealand Japan Australia United States Korea Chile 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 注 : 労働所得は給与所得と自営業所得を含む 資本所得は私的年金と非年金貯蓄からの収益を含む Source: (2013), Pensions at a Glance 2013, and G20 Indicators, Publishing. 2
3 主要な指標 日本 総所得代替率 平均所得者 (%) 低所得者 (%) 公的年金支出 % of GDP 平均余命 0 歳時 歳時 歳以上人口 生産年齢人口との比率 (%) 平均労働所得 日本円 ( 百万 ) 注 : 所得代替率は 強制加入の全ての退職後所得保障制度からの年金受給額の平均所得に対する比率である その 計算は 2012 年に労働市場に入った者が退職までずっと働いたと仮定した場合に基づく 低所得者の所得は平均所 得の50% で定義されている Source: (2013), Pensions at a Glance 2013, and G20 Indicators, Publishing. 報告書について : Pensions at a Glance 2013: and G20 Indicators 2013 年 11 月 26 日午前 11 時 ( パリ時間 ) 公表 この報告書は 加盟国及び G20 各国の 2012 年時点の年金制度やパラメーターに基づく年金に関する各種指標を掲載している (1) 年金改革の分配的効果 (2) 将来の退職後所得の水準 ( 住居 金融資産 公的サービスの役割 ) という 2 つの特別章が設けられている 363pp. ISBN rue André Pascal Paris Cedex 16 報告書に関する問い合わせ先 : Media Relations Spencer Wilson spencer.wilson@oecd.org Social Policy Division Anna D Addio Maria Chiara Cavalleri anna.daddio@oecd.org
4 Pensions at a Glance 2013 and G20 Indicators JAPAN The effective age of labour market exit in Japan is one of the highest in. Retirement-income adequacy may be an issue for future cohorts of retirees. Despite a current and projected pensionable age of 65 years for both men and women, the effective age of labour market exit is high in international comparison: 69.1 for men and 66.7 for women relative to 64.2 and 63.6 on average in the. Participation rates of older Japanese workers in the labour market are high. For example, 60.5% of those aged and 38.2% of those aged between 65 and 69 participate in the labour market compared to 47.0% and 23.5%, respectively, on average in the. Working longer may contribute to make pension systems more sustainable, both financially and socially. Because of low fertility rates and high life expectancy the population is ageing quickly in Japan: there will be around 1.2 people of active age per retiree in 2060 compared to around 2.5 currently. Longer working lives may also help Japanese workers to save more for old-age and/or to smooth the transition from work to retirement. Effective age of labour market exit Men Women Source: Pensions at a Glance (2013) Public transfers currently represent 48% of the income of the over-65s which is well below the average of 59%. Work-incomes represent a much larger share of the incomes of the elderly in Japan 4
5 compared to other countries: 44% relative to 24% on average. The remaining part of the income of the over-65s derives from capital, which is again low in international comparison: 8% relative to about 18% on average in the. Pension replacement rates of future retirees in Japan will be low in comparison. People with average worker wage who retire after a full-career in the future may expect to receive 36% of their earnings from the public pension system, which is the third lowest in the. Low earners may expect around 50% of their lifetime earnings to be replaced, the fourth lowest level observed in the. Retirement-income adequacy may thus be an issue also for future cohorts of older people. Currently, 19.4% of the over-65s is at risk of poverty, relative to 12.8% on average in the. Income sources older people, late-2000s Public transfers Work Capital Hungary Belgium Ireland Italy Germany United Kingdom New Zealand Japan Australia United States Korea Chile 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Note: Income from work includes both earnings (employment income) and income from self-employment. Capital income includes private pensions as well as income from the returns on non-pension savings. Source: (2013), Pensions at a Glance 2013, and G20 Indicators, Publishing. Key indicators Japan Gross replacement rate Average earner (%) Low earner (%) Public pension spending % of GDP Life expectancy at birth at age Population aged 65 and over % of working-age population Average worker earnings (AW) JPY (million) Note: replacement rate is pension entitlement from all mandatory sources of retirement income relative to individual earnings. Calculations are for a full-career worker entering the labour market in Low earner is assumed to earn 50% of the average. Source: (2013), Pensions at a Glance 2013, and G20 Indicators, Publishing. 5
6 Notes to editors: Pensions at a Glance 2013: and G20 Indicators Published 11.00am Paris time on 26 November 2013 The report includes pension indicators for the member countries and G20 economies with 2012 pension rules and parameters. There are two special chapters on (i) distributional impact of reforms; (ii) future retirement income adequacy, the role of housing, financial wealth and publicly provided services. 363pp. ISBN rue André Pascal Paris Cedex 16 For further information, please contact: Media Relations Spencer Wilson spencer.wilson@oecd.org Social Policy Division Anna D Addio, Maria Chiara Cavalleri anna.daddio@oecd.org
雇用と年金の接続 在職老齢年金の就業抑制効果と老齢厚生年金受給資格者の基礎年金繰上げ受給要因に関する分析 The Labour Market Behaviour of Older People: Analysing the Impact of the Reformed "Earning Test"
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Title 雇用と年金の接続 : 在職老齢年金の就業抑制効果と老齢厚生年金受給資格者の基礎年金繰上げ受給要因に関する分析 Sub Title The labour market behaviour of older people: analysing the impact of the reformed "Earning test"
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