17 4 SPE hcg m SPEhCG 17 8 T # %/ SA GCCA SA 1 YAMAMOTO et al N / FOLCH et al. 10 Seppak

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1 Journal of Fisheries Technology, 41, 713, , 713, 2011 Eggs of the Tiger Shark Galeocerdo cuvier or Gulper Shark Centrophorus atromarginatus as Food for Early-stage Larvae of the Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica Yoshitsugu MASUDA, Hitoshi IMAIZUMI, Kentaro ODA, Hiroshi HASHIMOTO, Hirofumi FURUITA, Hiroyuki MATSUNARI, Kazuhisa TERUYA and Hironori USUKI Although feed made from the eggs of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias is currently used to rear larvae of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica the superiority of these eggs over other shark eggs has not been proven. Moreover, we need to find new materials of diets for rearing eel larvae if we are to meet future demand for mass production of glass eels. We formulated test diets from the eggs of the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier or the gulper shark Centrophorus atromarginatus and used them in feeding experiments. Larvae fed a diet made from tiger shark eggs or gulper shark eggs survived for 21 days after hatching and had adequate growth rates. However, their survival and growth rates were inferior to those of larvae fed on the diet made from spiny dogfish eggs Anguilla japonica Squalus acanthias , 3 Galeocerdo cuvier Centrophorus atromarginatus Shibushi Laboratory, National Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Shibushi, Kagoshima , Japan masuday@affrc.go.jp 7

17 4 SPE hcg 57 750m 1 2 3 1 2 SPEhCG 17 8 T100 44 #9000 170%/ 25 2008 1 1 SA GCCA SA 1 YAMAMOTO et al. 9 110 10 N 6.25 600 6 / FOLCH et al.

2 17 4 SPE hcg m SPEhCG 17 8 T # %/ SA GCCA SA 1 YAMAMOTO et al N / FOLCH et al. 10 Seppak Waters 11 FURUITA et al ABC 1 SA CA GC g g g g SA ; CA ; GC *1; *2YOPC ; *3 ; *4 0.5g 10 8

3 2 SA CA GC % % % % % g/g SAGCCA % % 13 GC SA mm %/ ,500 2,000 lx 1 lx /3 5 Nikon V12B 20 r x = S f + a f a x /S f + a f r x x S f a x x a f CA SA mm % % TukeyKramer Student t GC % SA % CA % SA % GCCA SA t p < GC p < 0.05CA 1 GC GC 40.9%34.8% 46.0% SA SA 57.0%56.7% 60.5% 2A t p < 0.01GC SA GC mm mm mm SA mm mm mm 9

4 1GCA CABSA ***: p <0.001*: p < BSA GC 21 7 TukeyKramer p < 0.01SA GC t p < 0.05GC SA 2B AGC 21 SA 21 CA CA 75.9% 65.1% 82.2% SA 76.9% 73.2% 85.8% 3A t p > CA mm mm mm SA mm mm mm 3DSA CA 21 6 TukeyKramer p < 0.01 SA CA 21 t p < 0.05CA SA A21 41 CA 52.4%47.2% 55.3% mm mm mm 3BDSA 5.3%56.1% 60.4% mm mm mm 3BD t p > 0.05SA CA TukeyKramer p < 0.01 p < CA SA CA 25.4%SA 43.5% 2 p < CA mmSA mm t p > 0.05 CA 61 SA 41 2GCSAA B ** p <

5 3CASA 721 A 2141 B4161 CD SA 13,1417 SA GCCA 11

6 GCCA SA GCCA 21 GC SA CA 65.1% 82.2% SA 73.2% 85.8% CA SA t 21 GC CA SA CA SA GC 2 CA SA GC SA GC 2 CA % 1113 GC CA SA SA GC CA 41 1 TANAKA, H., H. KAGAWA, H. OHTA 2001Production of leptocephali of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in captivity. Aquaculture, TANAKA, H., H. KAGAWA, H. OHTA, T. UNUMA, K. NOMURA 2003The first production of glass eel in captivity: fish reproductive physiology facilitates great progress in aquaculture. Fish Physiol. Biochem., KAGAWA, H., H. TANAKA, H. OHTA, T. UNUMA, K. NOMURA 2005The first success of glass eel production in the world: basic biology on fish reproduction advances new applied technology in aquaculture. Fish Physiol. Biochem., estradiol YAMAMOTO, K., K.YAMAUCHI 1974Sexual maturation of Japanese eel and production of eel larvae in the aquarium. Nature, KAGAWA, H., H. TANAKA, H. OHTA, K. OKUZAWA, N.IINUMA 1997Induced ovulation by injection of 17,20dihydroxy4 pregnen3one in the artificially matured Japanese eel, with 12

7 special reference to ovulation time. Fish. Sci., OHTA, H., H. KAGAWA, H. TANAKA, K. OKUZAWA, K.HIROSE 1996Change in fertilization and hatching rates with time after ovulation induced by 17,20 dihydroxy4pregnen3one in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Aquaculture, SATOH, H., K. YAMAUCHI, T. HIBIYA 1992Induced spawning of the Japanese eel. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, YAMAMOTO, T., T. SHIMA, H. FURUITA, N. SUZUKI 2002 Influence of feeding diets with and without fish meal by hand and by selffeeders on feed intake, growth and nutrient utilization of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, FOLCH, J., M. LEE, G. H. SLOANE STANLEY 1957A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. of Biol. Chem., JUANEDA, P., G. ROCOUELIN 1985Rapid and convenient separation of phospholipids and non phosphorus lipid from rat heart using silica cartridges. Lipids, FURUITA, H., H. OHTA, T. UNUMA, H. TANAKA, H. KAGAWA, N. SUZUKI, T. YAMAMOTO 2003Biochemical composition of eggs in relation to egg quality in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish Physiol. Biochem., , OKAMURA, A., Y. YAMADA, N. MIKAWA, N. HORIE, T. UTOH, T. KANEKO, S. TANAKA, K. TSUKAMOTO 2009Growth and survival of eel leptocephali Anguilla japonicain lowsalinity water. Aquaculture, OAKAMURA, A., Y. YAMADA, T. HORITA, N. HORIE, N. MIKAWA, T. UTOH, S. TANAKA, K. TSUKAMOTO 2009Rearing eel leptocephali Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegelin a planctonkreisel. Aquaculture Res., ,

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