日本における結婚観の変化―JGSS累積データを用いた分析―

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1 JGSS JGSS Changes in Attitudes toward Marriage in Japan: Analyses Using the JGSS Cumulative Data Sayaka K. SHINOHARA JGSS Research Center Osaka University of Commerce Using the Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS) Cumulative Data , this paper examined changes in attitudes toward marriage among Japanese individuals in the last decade. How patterns of changes in attitudes toward marriage differed by individuals characteristics, such as gender, birth cohort, and marital status were examined. Moreover, this paper investigated factors associated with attitudes toward marriage. Specifically, I examined (1) whether and how factors associated with attitudes toward marriage differed for men and women, and (2) whether and how factors related to attitudes toward marriage differed in 2000 and 2010 among men and women. This research found that, for both men and women, proportions of disagreement with the idea that men/women s happiness lies in marriage increased between 2000 and Results from regression analyses demonstrate that more recent birth cohorts and higher education were positively related to disagreement with the idea of happiness lies in marriage. Additionally, for both men and women, factors associated with attitudes toward marriage did not change dramatically between 2000 and Key Words: JGSS, attitudes, marriage Japanese General Social Surveys: JGSS JGSS 81

2 , Raymo & Iwasawa, 2008; Raymo & Ono, 2007, , , , Council of Europe, 2003; Rindfuss et al., 2004; Ventura , 2011 Tsuya & Bumpass, 2004 Brewster & Rindfuss, 2000 Raymo, 1998, 2003; Retherford et al., 2001 Becker, 1981 Cherlin, , p.110 JGSS

3 男性女性 , , 2006 Brewster & Rindfuss, Japanese General Social Surveys: JGSS JGSS JGSS ,799 21,357 9,867 11, A 2010 A B 1= 2= 3= 4= 4 83

4 (r = 0.730) JGSS % 80% 60% 40% 20% 賛成どちらかといえば賛成どちらかといえば反対反対 0% 男性 (n=9,867) 女性 (n=11,490)

5 1 N=27,799 % % 45.9% 20.0% 2000 年 (ref.) 10.4% (ref.) 62.2% 2001 年 10.0% 17.8% 2002 年 10.6% 2003 年 13.2% 13.2% 2005 年 7.3% 28.2% 2006 年 15.3% (ref.) 20.9% 2008 年 15.2% 15.1% 2010 年 18.0% 10.5% 12.1% 年 (ref.) 18.7% 78.6% 年 30.8% 年 25.1% (ref.) 11.4% 年 25.4% 16.2% 37.4% (ref.) 73.1% 30.8% 14.8% 2.9% 12.1% 1.7% % (ref.) 46.9% (ref.) 46.5% 0.6% 32.5% 43.0% 1.5% (ref.) 34.6% 8.0% 15.4% 1.8% 11.3% 38.6% 12.3% (ref.) 44.6% 43.1% Ordinary Least Squares Regression JGSS

6 JGSS % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

7 80.0% 80.0% 70.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0%.0% 60.0% 出生コーホート 50.0% % % % %.0% 出生コーホート % 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0%.0% 既婚者未婚者 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0%.0% 既婚者未婚者 JGSS

9 2 JGSS 男性 (n=9,207) 女性 (n=10,746) b SE b SE 2001 年年 *** *** 年 *** ** 年 *** 年 *** *** 年 *** *** 年 *** *** 年 *** *** 年 *** *** 年 *** *** * * *** *** *** *** *** ** * ** *** ** ** * ** * * *** *** * ** ** * Adjusted R Note: p <.10, *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <

10 (n=1,206) 2010 (n=2,127) 2000 (n=1,445) 2010 (n=2,504) b SE b SE b SE b SE 年 *** *** *** *** 年 *** *** *** *** 年 *** *** *** *** ref * * ref *** *** *** *** *** ref * *** ref * ref ref * * ref * ref * * Adjusted R 2 Note: p <.10, *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p < JGSS ,

11 JGSS 2010 Raymo, Iwasawa, & Bumpass, 2009 JGSS Acknowledgement General Social Surveys JGSS JGSS Becker, Gary S., 1981, A Treatise on Family, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Cherlin, Andrew, 2004, The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage, Journal of Marriage and Family, 66: Council of Europe, 2003, Recent Demographic Development, Council of Europe Publishing, Belgium., 2011, 14., 2011, Statistical Handbook of Japan 2011 ( Raymo, James, 1998, Later Marriages or Fewer? Changes in the Marital Behavior of Japanese Women, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60: Raymo, James, 2003, Educational Attainment and the Transition to First Marriage among Japanese Women, Demography, 40: Raymo, James & Iwasawa, Miho, 2008, Changing Family Life Cycle and Partnership Transition Gender Roles 91

12 and Marriage Patterns. In Coulmas, F., Conrad H., Schad-Seifert A. & Vogt, G. [eds.], The Demographic Challenge: A Handbook About Japan, Boston: Brill, Raymo, James, Iwasawa, Miho & Bumpass, Larry L., 2009, Cohabitation and Family Formation in Japan, Demography, 46: Raymo, James & Ono, Hiromi, 2007, Coresidence with Parents, Women's Economic Resources, and the Transition to Marriage in Japan, Journal of Family Issues, 28: Retherford, Robert D., Ogawa, Naohiro, & Matsukura, Rikiya, 2001, Late Marriage and Less Marriage in Japan, Population and Development Review, 25: Rindfuss, Ronald R., Choe, Minja K., Bumpass, Larry L. & Tsuya, Noriko O., 2004, Social Networks and Family Change in Japan, American Sociological Review, 69: , 2010,, 1-10., 2010,, Tsuya, Noriko O. & Bumpass, Larry L. [eds.], 2004, Marriage, Work, & Family Life in Comparative Perspective: Japan, South Korea & the United States, University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu. Ventura, Stephanie J., 2009, Changing Patterns of Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States, NCHS data brief, no 18, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics., 2006, JGSS 47:

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日本における結婚観の変化―JGSS累積データ を用いた分析―

日本における結婚観の変化―JGSS累積データを用いた分析―