理科教育学研究

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1 資料論文 Vol. No. doi:. /sjst. 花粉管の伸長を観察できる植物および最適条件の検討. [ キーワード ] 1. はじめに Web WEB

2 C C C ppm 2. 研究の方法 2.1 試薬および器具 Bacto agar; Difco Laboratories Detroit, MI Nikon ALPHAPHOT YSLUMIX DMC-FX Panasonic 2.2 花粉管の伸長観察に適した植物の探索 2.3 花粉管伸長用の培地条件.... g g ml C. ml. ml cm ml cm cm 2.4 花粉の長期保存試験

3 Vol. No. 図 1 花粉の長期保存方法 A B C A B C. 3. 結果と考察 3.1 花粉管の伸長観察に適した植物の探索 3.2 花粉管伸長用の培地条件 Hopping & Simpson,. ppm data not shown 3.3 花粉の長期保存試験..

4 表 1 花粉管の伸長観察に適した植物材料 No. * 1 ホウセンカ ツリフネソウ科ツリフネソウ属 6~8 月 1~5 分 2 10% ショ糖,4 10% ショ糖 + 0.5% エタノール.. 14 サルスベリ ミソハギ科サルスベリ属 6~9 月 5~15 分 3 15% ショ糖,5 15% ショ糖 + 0.5% エタノール. 23 モクセンナ マメ科カワラケツメイ属 9~10 月 1~5 分 3 15% ショ糖,5 15% ショ糖 + 0.5% エタノール.. 40 チャノキ ツバキ科ツバキ属 10~11 月 5~15 分 5 15% ショ糖 + 0.5% エタノール *

5 図 2 各種培地条件下における花粉管の伸長 寒天培地は 2.3 に記載したものを用いた 各花粉は 室温にて観察し 光学顕微鏡 100 倍 で観察したものをデジタルカメラで撮影した 理科教育学研究 85 Vol.58 No

6 島村 増田 花粉管の伸長を観察できる植物および最適条件の検討 図 3 冷凍保存 6 ヶ月後の花粉管の伸長 各花粉は 家庭用冷凍庫 約 18 C で 6 ヶ月間保存した 寒天培地は 2.3 に記載したものを用いた 各花粉は 室温にて観察し 光学顕微鏡 100 倍 で観察したものをデジタルカメラで撮影した 表2 ソウ 図 4 C センニチコウ 図 4 D および ヒオウギスイセン 図 4 E, F の花粉は ホウセ ンカなど学校でよく扱われる植物とは異なる形状を 有していた 花粉管の伸長においては ヒャクニチ ソウは 1 5 分で発芽はしたが その後の伸長は認 められなかった 花粉を形状で分類すると マリー ゴールド 図 4 A ジニアリネアリス 図 4 B およびヒャクニチソウ 図 4 C は 球形で表面 が刺状であり センニチコウ 図 4 D は 球形 で花粉表面にサッカーボールのような幾何学模様が 認められ ヒオウギスイセン 図 4 E, F は 多 数集合形であった いずれの花粉においても サイ ズが大きく 観察も容易であった これら花粉は 花粉管の伸長はみられなかったが その形状はホウ センカなど学校でよく扱われる植物とは大きく異な ることから これらの花粉も観察することで花粉の 役割や植物の適応に対する興味を惹起するきっかけ となり得ると考えられる 6 か月間冷凍保存した花粉における花粉管の発 芽率 植物名 ホウセンカ モクセンナ チャノキ サルスベリ 1 分後 5 分後 10 分後 30 分後 1 時間後 発芽しない ンカと同様に 寒天培地に付着後 10 分で発芽を開始 しその発芽率は 11.7 とホウセンカと比べて低いも のの 30 分後の発芽率は 17.3 となり 発芽後 冷 凍前と同程度の花粉管の伸長速度が保たれていた これらの結果より モクセンナの花粉は 長期の冷 凍保存に最も適していると考えられた 一方 チャ ノキ サルスベリでは 発芽までに各々 30 分 1 時 間を要したが その発芽率は と比較 的高く その後の花粉管の伸長も確認することが可 能であった これらの結果より チャノキおよびサ ルスベリにおいては 冷凍保存後の花粉を授業前に 培地に付着させておくことで 花粉管の伸長を観察 できることが示唆された 4 おわりに 授業時間内に花粉管の伸長を観察するためには 発芽率が高く 短期間で発芽する植物が適している そこで 理科教育における花粉管の伸長を観察でき る植物およびその最適条件を明らかにするために 花粉管の伸長観察に適した植物の探索を行った そ の結果 サルスベリ モクセンナおよびチャノキに 3.4 学校でよく扱われる植物とは異なる形状の花粉 身近に手に入る植物の中で マリーゴールド 図 4 A ジニアリネアリス 図 4 B ヒャクニチ 86

7 Vol. No. 謝辞 図 4 身近に手に入る学校でよく扱われる植物とは異なる形状の花粉 AB C D E F... 引用文献. /.. Hopping, M.E., & Simpson, L.M. (). Supplementary pollination of tree fruits. III. Suspension media for kiwifruit pollen. N. Z. J. Agr. Res, 25,. C.... WEB..

8 An Evaluation of Suitable Plants and Conditions for Observing Pollen Tube Growth Yuko SHIMAMURA, Shuichi MASUDA School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka SUMMARY For this study, we screened suitable plants for observing pollen tube growth. The results showed that crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.), scrambled egg tree (Cassia surattensis) and tea tree (Camellia sinensis) were suitable for the observation of pollen tube growth, the same as rose balsam (Impatiens balsamina). With the exception of rose balsam, pollen germination and tube elongation were prominent in 2% agar media containing 15% sucrose by addition of 0.5% ethanol. The pollens of rose balsam, myrtle, scrambled egg tree and tea plant were stored under dry, refrigerated ( 18 C) conditions for 6 months. After 6 months of dry refrigeration, the germination of the pollen of scrambled egg tree started within 10 minutes, and the growth speed of the pollen tube was as fast as before frozen storage. Crape myrtle and tea tree needed about 30 minutes to 1 hour to begin to germinate. These results suggest that the growth of the pollen tube can be observed by adding the pollen to the agar media before the start of class. Although the pollens of marigold (Tagetes patula), zinia linearis (Zinnia angustifolia), common zinnia (Zinnia elegans), globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa) and crocosmia (Crocosmia crocosmiiflora) are unique, they were not suitable for the observation of growth of the pollen tube. These results propose the most suitable plants and method for pollen tube growth observation. <Key words> elongation, pollen tube, germination, pollen storage, agar media

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