Rep. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 47 : 7 15, 安定同位体比と元素組成分析による * 高精度な乾シイタケの産地判別法 Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA High-precision method for determining geographic o

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1 Rep. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 7 : 7 5, 7. 安定同位体比と元素組成分析による * 高精度な乾シイタケの産地判別法 Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA High-precision method for determining geographic origin of dried shiitake mushrooms(lentinula edodes)by analyzing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and the contents of elements * Keisuke TOKIMOTO, Akiko TABUCHI, Emi SAKUNO, Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA **, Rumiko NAKASHITA ***, and Yaeko SUZUKI **** Abstract Dried shiitake Lentinula edodes mushrooms, produced in Japan, China, Korea and Brazil on cultivation or sawdust medium cultivation, were used. The analyses of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and the contents of elements were combined to obtain a high precision method to identify the geographic origin of shiitake, both in and sawdust medium cultivation. The amount of each sample necessary for the test was less than mg. For example, Japanese shiitake was distinguishable from Chinese shiitake and Chinese sawdust medium shiitake at 99.3% 3/37 and % 85/85 hitting ratios, respectively. In addition, Brazilian shiitake samples were assigned to a block clearly different from the Japanese, Chinese, and Korean blocks. Key words: cultivation method, discriminant analysis, dried shiitake, geographic origin, minor element, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes Contribution No. 7 of the Tottori Mycoical Institute, Kokoge, Tottori 89-5, Japan. National Institute for Research in the Amazon 7

2 Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA 緒言材料と方法 5,3 77 5,9, 3, ⑴ 乾シイタケサンプルの収集 - 5 Table ⑵ 炭素, 窒素安定同位体比分析 5 mg Elementar vario Pyro cube, Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH IsoPrime Isoprime LTD X= R /R - X 3 C 5 N R 3 C/ C 5 N/ N ⑶ 元素濃度分析 -3 7 ml PFA.5 g 3 ml.3 ml.3 ml.5 ml 99 5 g. M ICP-AES JY-S 8

3 Table. Origin of shiitake samples used in this study Produced on s Number Produced on sawdust based media Number China Shanxi sheng 陜西省 8 Zhejiang sheng 浙江省 Henan sheng 河南省 Non-identified Anhui sheng 安徽省 Hubei sheng 湖北省 Sichuan sheng 四川省 Jiang xi shen 江西省 5 Fujian sheng 福建省 3 Non-identified 5 Japan Ohita 大分 Iwate 岩手 Shizuoka 静岡 Ehime 愛媛 Ishikawa 石川 Miyazaki 宮崎 Kumamoto 熊本 Hiroshima 広島 Tottori 鳥取 Yamaguchi 山口 Akita 秋田 Gunma 群馬 Hokkaido 北海道 Niigata 新潟 Shimane 島根 Tochigi 栃木 Tokushima 徳島 Non-identified 8 Korea Jeollanam-do 全羅南道 Chung cheong buk-do 忠清北道 Chung cheong nam-do 忠清南道 Gyeong sang nam-do 慶尚南道 Jejudo 済州島 Gang won-do 江原道 Jeolla buk-do 全羅北道 Non-identified 5 Brazil Parana SaoPaulo 5 Parana Federal District SaoPaulo Non-identified 7 ⑷ 統計分析結果と考察 ⑴ 安定同位体比および元素濃度の生産国, 栽培方法間の比較 5 N 3 C Fig. 5 5 N 3 C 9

4 Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA δ 3 C ( ) - -5 δ 5 N ( ) Fig.. Comparison of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of the cap tissue of dried shiitake produced in various countries. : Japan, : China, : Korea, : Brazil Each bar shows mean SD : cultivation, : sawdust medium cultivation Statistical comparison among the mean values at % significance on Tukey-Kramer method 3 C <,,,,, ; >, ; > ; < 5 N >,, <,,, ; <,,,, ; <,,, ; > ; < % Fig. P Zn Al Ba Fe Mg Cu Mn P Mg Mn P Al Ba Fe ⑵ 判別分析 Table 5 N 99.% 3/33 / % 85/ % 3/37 5 N 3 C % 3/ %

5 Al (μg/g) 8 Ba (µg/g) Ca (µg/g) 5 Cu (µg/g) Fe (µg/g) 3 K (mg/g) 5 5 Fig.. Comparison of element contents among dried shiitake samples produced in various countries. See Fig.. for abbreviations. Statistical comparison among the mean values at % significance on Tukey-Kramer method Al <, ; > ; < Ba < ; < Ca < ; > Cu < ; <, Fe < ; > K <,, ; <,, ; <,,,

6 Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA 5.5 Mg (mg/g).5 Na (µg/g) Sr (µg/g). P (mg/g) -. Zn (µg/g) 8 Fig.. Continued. Mg <,, ; >,, ; < ; < ; < Na > ; < ; > P <,,, ; <,,, ; <,, ; <, ; > ; < Sr > Zn <,, ; <,,, ; <,, ; < ; < ; <

7 Table. Discriminant analyses of dried shiitake samples Combination Items used for analyses Hitting ratio, % : sawdust δ 5 N, Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, Zn 99. (3/33) * (without Brazil samples) Japan : China sawdust δ 3 C, Al, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn (85/85) Japan : China Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, Zn 95. (3/37) δ 3 C, δ 5 N, Al, Cd, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr 99.3 (3/37) Japan : Korea Al, Cu, K, Mg, Zn 8. (/9) δ 3 C, δ 5 N, Al, Cu, K, Mg, Zn 85.7 (/9) China : Korea δ 3 C, δ 5 N, Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn 9. (/) Japan sawdust : China sawdust δ 3 C, δ 5 N, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Sr, Zn (59/59) Japan : Brazil δ 3 C, δ 5 N 93.7 (7/79) δ 3 C, δ 5 N, Ca, Cd, Mn, P, Zn (79/79) China sawdust: Brazil sawdust δ 3 C, δ 5 N, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, Zn (8/8) Korea : Brazil δ 3 C, δ 5 N, Al, K, Mg, Na, Sr, Zn (5/5) : cultivation, sawdust: sawdust based medium cultivation * In parentheses: the numbers of hitting sample /tested sample /9 85.7% /9 % 79/79 % 8/8 5 N 3 C 93.7% 7/79 3 Fig % 7/5 3 Function Function China, Sawdust China, Log Japan, Log Fig. 3. Scattering graph in three shiitake groups after a discriminant analysis. Items used for analysis: 3 C, Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, Zn Hitting ratio = 98.8% 7/5 See Fig. for abbreviations. 3 3

8 Noemia Kazue ISHIKAWA Function % 8/8 Fig. 9 3 摘 mg 99.3% 3/37 % 85/ Function 要 Brazil, Sawdust Brazil, Log Japan, Log Fig.. Scattering graph in three shiitake groups after a discriminant analysis. Items used for analysis: 3 C, 5 N, Ba, Cu, K, Mn, P, Zn Hitting ratio = % 8/8 See Fig. for abbreviations. 引用文献 3 7: 5 5 9: : : 9 Noemia Kazue Ishikawa 5 : : : 5 p : : P :

9 5 N 3 C : SG/estat/List.do?lid=

Supplementary data

Supplementary data Supplement to: Onozuka D, Gasparrini A, Sera F, Hashizume M, Honda Y. Future projections of temperature-related excess out-of-hospital cardiac arrest under climate change scenarios in