Microsoft Word - 野鳥の多様性2008.doc

Transcription

1 4 Gadjah Mada Subeno, Sandy Nurvianto, Djuwantoko Gadjah Mada

2 4 PWS 3PWS 4 3 Ag MC PWS TCF WEF WEF TCF MC PWS Ag PWS

3 PWS1999 PWS PWS2004PWS PWS PWS PWS3PWS 4 3 PWS PWS 3

4 50 km PWS WEF PWS Shcemidt Ferguson C Q 42.9% BBLH1997 PWS GN-RHL/GERHAN 2006 PWS Ag

5 TCF 1020 MC 2. WEF Shcemidt Ferguson D Q 81% Santos 2000 Bibby % m Fuller

6 Langslow, m GPS Shannon-Wiener Krebs 1999Shannon-Wiener Shannon-Wiener s H = - Σ (p )(ln p ) i i I =1 H = Shannon-Wiener s = p = ni/n i n i i N Ag MC PWS TCF WEF WEF 30 PWS TCF 24 MC 20 Ag PWS WEF WEF 42 TCF 25 PWS 24 Ag 22 MC WEF 43 TCF 32 PWS 29 MC 26 Ag 25

7 Number of Species June Sept Jan 1 09 Ag MC PWS TCF WEF Observation 3. Ag MC PWS TCF WEF Begon 1990 Wilson Travis 1977 Conner Rice 1980 Hutto 1981 Lawke 1982 Morrison 1985 PWS 3 WEF PWS CTF Ag MC PWS

8 PWS PWS Density/Ha (N/Ha) June Sept Jan 1 09 Ag MC PWS TCF WEF Observation 4. Ag MC PWS TCF WEF Shannon- Wiener Shannon-Wiener Krebs 1999 Shannon-Wiener log (N/(N-S)) log (S) N S Krebs Magurran, 1998 Shannon-Wiener Krebs 1999 Shannon-Wiener MC PWS PWS MC

9 WEF TCF MC PWS Ag Shannon_Wiener Index Shannon-Wiener June Sept Jan 1 09 Ag MC PWS TCF WEF Observation 5. Ag MC PWS TCF WEF MacKinnon 1992

10 a. Ag Percentage June Sept Jan 1 09 Carnivorous Frugivorous Grainivorous Insectivorous Nectarivorous Observation 6. b. MC

11 Percentage June Sept Jan 1 09 Carnivorous Frugivorous Grainivorous Insectivorous Nectarivorous Observation 7. c. PWS PWS

12 80.00 Percentage June Sept Jan 1 09 Carnivorous Frugivorous Grainivorous Insectivorous Nectarivorous Observation 8. PWS d. TCF Percentage June Sept Jan 1 09 Carnivorous Frugivorous Grainivorous Insectivorous Nectarivorous Observation

13 9. TCF e. WEF Percentage June Sept Jan 1 09 Carnivorous Frugivorous Grainivorous Insectivorous Nectarivorous Observation 10. WEF 4

14 Number of Species June Sept Jan 1 09 Ag MC PWS TCF WEF Observation Number of Species June Sept Jan 1 09 Ag MC PWS TCF WEF Observation 12.

15 1. Ag MC PWS TCF WEF WEF TCF MC PWS Ag 2. PWS WEF 3. Gadjah Mada

16 Adams, L.W., and L.E. Dove Wildlife Reserves and Corridors in The Urban Environment. National Institute for Urban Wildlife. Columbia.Maryland. 91 pp. Anderson, S.H., and H.H. Shugart, Jr Habitat Selection of Breeding Birds in East Tennese Deciduous Forest. Ecology 55: Adams, L.W Urban Wildlife Habitat: A Landscape Perspective. University of Minesota Press. USA. Begon, M., Harper, J.L. and Townsend, C.R., Ecology: Individuals, populations and communities. 2 nd ed. Blackwell Scientific Publication. Bibby.C.D., N.D. Burgess, and D.A. Hill Birds Cencus Techniques. Academic Press. London. Burns, J., K.Stenberg, and W.W. Shaw Critical and Sensitive Wildlife Habitats in Tucson, Arizona; Page in K. Stenberg and W.W. Shaw, eds. Wildlife conservation and New Residential Developments. School of Renewable Natural Resources. University of Arizona Tucson. Byers, S.M., R.A.Mongomery, and G.V.burger An Assessment of Wildlife and Wildlife habitat in Kane County, Illinois. Page 238 in L.W. Adams and D.L.Leedy, eds. Integrating man and Nature in Metropolitan Environment. National Institute for Urban Wildlife. Columbia Maryland.donnely, R. and J.M. landscape Context to Urban Bird Conservation Tim. Conner,R.N Foraging Habitat of Woodpeckers in Southwestern Virginia. J.Field Ornith. 51: , Seasonal Changes in Woodpeckers Foraging Patterns. Auk 98: Donnelly, R. and Marzluff, J.M, Importance of Reserve Size and Landscape Context to Urban Bird conservation.? Fuller. R.J. and D.R. Lang slow Estimating of Birds by Point Counts: How Long Should Last? Bird Study, 31: Gavareski, C.A Relation of Park Size and Vegetation to Urban Bird Population in Seattle, Washington. The Condor 28: Hilden, O Habitat Selection in Birds. Ann. Zoology Finnic 2: h Hutto, R.L, Temporal Patterns of Foraging Activity in Some Wood Warblers in Relation to The Availability of Insect Prey. Behav. Sociobiol. 9: James, F.C Ordinations of habitat Relationships Among Breeding Birds. Wilson Bull. 83: Judd, M.K Calling Wildlife. Bureau of Wildlife Management, Wisconsin Department of natural Resources.

17 Krebs, C.J., Ecological Methodology. 2 nd ed. Benjamin/Cummings. Canada. Lawke. E.E. A Comparison of Foraging Behaviour Among Permanent, Summer, and Winter Resident Bird Group. Condor 84:84-90 Leedy, A.L., R.M. Maestro, and T.M. Franklin Planning For Wildlife in Cities and Sub- Urbans. Rep. No. FWS/ OBS-77/66. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Washington. D.C. Mac Arthur, R.W. and J.W. Mac Arthur On Birds Species Diversity. Ecology. 42: MacKinnon, J., Phillips, K., and Van Balen, B., Burung-burung di Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan. LIPi/BirdLife Indonesia programme. Musyafa, Kelimpahan dan Keragaman Serangga di Suaka Margasatwa. Papper for Nasional Seminar: Urban Area Conservation in Indonesia. Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University. Yogyakarta. Magurran, A.E.,1998. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press. New Jersey. USA. Rice, J., B.W. Anderson, and R.D. Ohmart Seasonal Habitat Selection by Birds in Lower Colorado River Valley. Ecology 61: Rotenberry, J.T. 1980a. Temporal Variation in Habitat Structure and Shrub-Steppe Bird Dynamic. Oecologia. 47: b. Structure, Patchiness, and Avian Communities in North American Steppe Vegetation A Multivariate Analysis. Ecological. 61: Santos, C.P Succession of Breeding Bird Communities After The Abandonment of Agricultural Fields in South-East Portugal. Ardeola 47(2): Travis, J Seasonal Foraaging in a Downy Woodpecker Population. Condor 79: Wiens, J.A An Approach to The Study of Ecological Relationships Among Grassland Birds. Ornithology. Monography. 8: Wilson, M.F, Foraging Behaviour of Some Winter Birds of Deciduous Wood. Condor 72: A note on Foraging Overlap in Winter Birds of Deciduous Wood. Condor 73: Avian Community Organization and Habitat Structure. Ecology. 55:

18 Lanius schach Lonchura leucogastroides Centropus sinensis Dicaeum trochileum Todirhamphus cloris

19 Orthotomus sutorius Pycnonotus aurigaster Zosterops palpebrosus Prinia polychroa Dendrocopus macei Cyornis banyumas

20 Nectarinia jugularis Cuculus merulinus Corvus enca

21 MC TCF PWS Ag WEF Accipitridae Crested Sarpent-eagle 1 Spilornis cheela Halcyon cyanoventris Alcedinidae Javan Kingfisher Todirhampus chloris Alcedinidae Collared Kingfisher Apus nipalensis Apodidae House Swift Collocalia esculenta Apodidae Glossy Swiftlet Collocalia maxima Apodidae Black-nest Swiftlet Arthamus lecorhynchus Artamidae White-breasted Wood-swallow Pericrocotus flammeus Campephagidae Scarlet minivet Aegithinia tiphia Chloropseidae Common Iora Streptopelia chinensis Columbidae Spotted-Dove Corvus enca Corvidae Slender-billed Crow Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Greater Coucal Dicaeum trochileum Dicaeidae Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker Dicrurus macrocerus Dicruridae Black drongo Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae Barn Swallow

22 16 Lanius schach 17 Turnix suscitator 18 Hypothymis azurea 19 Rhipidura javanica 20 Nectarinia jugularis 21 Oriolus chinensis 22 Parus major 23 Gallus gallus 24 Dendrocopos macei 25 Dinopium javense 26 Lonchura leucogastroides 27 Pycnonotus aurigaster 28 Pycnonotus goiavier 29 Tringa hypoleucos 30 Orthotomus ruficeps 31 Locustella certhiola 32 Orthotomus sutorius Laniidae Megapodiidae Muscicapidae Muscicapidae Nectariniidae Oriolidae Paridae Phasianidae Picidae Picidae Passeridae Pycnonotidae Pycnonotidae Scolopacidae Long-tailed shrike Barred Buttonquail Black-naped Monarch Pied Fantail Olive-backed sunbird Black-naped Oriole Great Tit Red Junglefowl Fulvous-breasted woodpecker Common Goldenback Javan Munia Sooty-headed Bulbul Yellow-vented Bulbul Common Sandpiper Ashy Tailorbird Black-browed Reed-warbler Common Tailorbird

23 Brown Prinia 33 Prinia polychroa Zosterops palpebrosus Zosteropidae Oriental White-eye

24 MC TCF PWS Ag WEF 1 Falco peregrinus Falconidae Peregrine Falcon Zoothera citrina Turdidae Orange-headed Thrush Gallus varius Phasianidae Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Phasianidae Red Junglefowl Lanius schach Laniidae Long-tailed shrike Lonchura leucogastroides Passeridae Javan Munia Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae Lesser Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Greater Coucal Nectarinia jugularis Nectariniidae Olive-backed sunbird Dicaeum trochileum Dicaeidae Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker Meiglyptes tristis Picidae Buff-rumped Woodpecker Dendropus mollucensis Picidae Sunda Woodpecker Dendrocopos macei Picidae Fulvous-breasted woodpecker Halcyon pileata Alcedinidae Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon cyanoventris Alcedinidae Javan Kingfisher

25 16 Todirhampus chloris 17 Orthotomus ruficeps 18 Orthotomus sutorius 19 Aegithinia tiphia 20 Pycnonotus aurigaster 21 Spilornis cheela 22 Parus major 23 Turnix suscitator 24 Zosterops palpebrosus 25 Zosterops pflavus 26 Apus nipalensis 27 Locustella certhiola 28 Hypothymis azurea 29 Arthamus lecorhynchus 30 Oriolus chinensis 31 Rhipidura javanica 32 Pycnonotus goavier Alcedinidae Chloropseidae Pycnonotidae Accipiteridae Paridae Megapodiidae Zosteropidae Zosteropidae Apodidae Muscicapidae Artamidae Oriolidae Muscicapidae Pycnonotidae Collared Kingfisher Ashy Tailorbird Common Tailorbird Common Iora Sooty-headed Bulbul Crested Sarpent-eagle Great Tit Barred Buttonquail Oriental White-eye Javan White-eye House Swift Black-browed Reed-warbler Black-naped Monarch White-breasted Wood-swallow Black-naped Oriole Pied Fantail Yellow-vented Bulbul

26 Picidae Common Golden Back 33 Dinopium javanense Prinia familiaris Bar-winged Prinia Prinia inornata Plain Prinia Prinia polychroa Brown Prinia Treron vernans Columbidae Pink-necked Green-Pigeon Pericrocotus flammeus Camphepagidae Scarlet minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Camphepagidae Small Minivet Muscicapa dauurica Muscicapidae Asian Brown Flycatcher Cyornis banyumas Muscicapidae Hill Blue-flycatcher Dicrurus macrocerus Dicruridae Black drongo Streptopelia chinensis Columbidae Spotted-Dove Porzana cinerea Rallidae White-browed Crake Tringa hypoleucos Scolopacidae Common Sandpiper Collocalia esculenta Apodidae Glossy Swiftlet Collocalia maxima Apodidae Black-nest Swiftlet Cacomantis merulinus Cuculidae Plaintive Cuckoo

27 MC TCF PWS Ag WEF Phasianidae Green Jungle Fowl 1 Galius varius Phasianidae Red Jungle Fowl 0 2 Gallus gallus Falconidae Peregrine Falcon 0 3 Falco peregrinus Lanius schach Laniidae Long-tailed shrike Lonchura maj Passeridae White-headed Munia Lonchura leucogastroides Passeridae Javan Munia Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Greater Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae Lesser coucal Anthreptes malacensis Nectariniidae Plain-throated Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis Nectariniidae Olive-backed sunbird Dicaeum trochileum Dicaeidae Scarlet-headed Flowerpecker Dendrocopos macei (ulam) Picidae Fulvous-breasted woodpecker Dendrocopos muloccensis Picidae Sunda Woodpecker Halcyon pileata Alcedinidae Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon cyanoventris Alcedinidae Javan Kingfisher

28 16 Todirhampus chloris 17 Orthotomus sutorius 18 Orthotomus ruficeps 19 Aegithinia tiphia 20 Pycnonotus aurigaster 21 Streptopelia bitorquata 22 Macropygia emiliana 23 Spilornis cheela 24 Corvus enca 25 Parus major 26 Turnix suscitator 27 Pericrocotus miniatus 28 Zosterops palpebrosus 29 Apus nipalensis 30 Locustella certhiola 31 Hypothymis azurea 32 Oriolus chinensis Alcedinidae Chloropseidae Pycnonotidae Columbidae Columbidae Accipiteridae Corvidae Paridae Megapodiidae Camphepagidae Zosteropidae Apodidae Muscicapidae Oriolidae Collared Kingfisher Common Tailorbird Ashy Tailorbird Common Iora Sooty-headed Bulbul Island Collared-Dove Red Cuckoo Dove Crested Sarpent-eagle Slender-billed Crow Great Tit Barred Buttonquail Sunda Minivet Oriental White-eye House Swift Black-browed Reed-warbler Black-naped Monarch Black-naped Oriole

29 33 Arthamus lecorhynchus 34 Rhipidura javanica 35 Merops leschenaulti 36 Delichon dasypus 37 Hirudo rustica 38 Pycnonotus goiavier 39 Prinia polychroa 40 Prinia familiaris 41 Prinia inornata 42 Alcedo atthis 43 Dinopium javense 44 Pericrocotus flammeus 45 Pericrocotus cinnamomeus 46 Cyornis banyumas 47 Dicrurus macrocerus 48 Streptopelia chinensis 49 Eudynamys scolopacea Artamidae Muscicapidae Meropidae Hirundinidae Hirundinidae Pycnonotidae Alcedinidae Picidae Camphepagidae Campephagidae Muscicapidae Dicruridae Columbidae Cuculidae White-breasted Wood-swallow Pied Fantail Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Asian House-martin Barn Swallow Yellow-vented Tailorbird Brown Prinia Bar-winged Prinia Plain Prinia Common-Kingfisher Common Goldenback Scarlet minivet Small minifet Hill Blue-flycather Black drongo Spotted-Dove Asian koel

30 Apodidae Asian Palm-swift 50 Cypciurus balasiensis Collocalia esculenta Apodidae Glossy Swiftlet Collocalia maxima Apodidae Black-nest Swiftlet Cacomantis merulinus Cuculidae Plantive Cuckoo Cacomantis spulcralis Cuculidae Rusty-breasted