01-04-原口健-401

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "01-04-原口健-401"

けいざぶろういざわ
7 years ago
Views:

1 VISION Vol. 23, No. 1, 1 18, 2011 *, ** *** * ** *** Quantitative Analysis of Eye Attraction in Visual Search Takeshi HARAGUCHI*, ** and Katsunori OKAJIMA*** * TOSHIBA TEC CORPORASION System Solution Business Group 570 Ohito, Izunokuni, Shizuoka , Japan ** Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University *** Research Institute of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University 79 7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan (Received 18 August 2009; Accepted 22 September 2010) In the present study we propose an evaluation method for the eye attraction (the probability of gaze following the first saccade) to object in visual search. We measured eye movements during visual search to clear eye attraction phenomena, and particularly investigated the effect of peripheral visual field on eye attraction according to visual feature dimensions. Eye movement data indicated that the probability of gaze following the first saccade gradually weakens in peripheral areas of visual field regardless of any visual feature dimension, and also depends on the number of object of the same visual feature or the same combination as visual feature. Therefore, the ease of gaze following the first saccade was formulated by taking consideration of such functions of eye attraction to object. As a result, our proposed model using the value can estimate the actual probability of gaze following the first saccade with high accuracy deg 1 2) 1

CORPORASION System Solution Business Group 570 Ohito, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410 2392, Japan ** Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University *** Research

2 3,4) 2) 5) Neisser 6) 2 7,8) 9 12) 2 2 2

3 13,14) )

4 2.2 50cm 15 Liquid Crystal Display LCD FTD-X531AS 1 Cambridge Research Systems Video Eye Tracker 0.05 deg 100 Hz LCD LCD LCD LCD 420 lx 2.3 RF 30 ST 27 2 RF 0.7 ST O X O 2 3) cm 15 LCD 2 4

5 2 O 2 O O O 2 O O X ) 4s 4s 68 5 RF 94% ST 96% deg deg deg 1 5 deg deg 7 deg deg 9 deg 4 90 deg 5

6 deg 1 O X O X LCD LCD LCD TOPCON BM-7FAST LCD LCD 10.5 deg RGB CIELUV RGB CIELUV ,16) L* u* v* CIELUV L* u* v* L* u* v* CIELUV 1 CIELUV 3 L* u* v* CIELUV 6 3 L* u* v* L* u* v* 6

4.1 1 10 12,16) L* u* v* CIELUV L* u* v* L* u* v* CIELUV

7 1 L* u* v* L* Bl Wh Wh Bl u* Re Gr Gr Re v* Br Ye Ye Br 2 A Sm La La Sm deg deg A Sm 1 deg La 1.3 deg A deg Bl O X 64 3 O X L* Bl Wh u* Re Gr v* Br Ye A Sm La 1:23: O X O X 3 3 L* u* v* 1 deg Bl O RF 49% ST 45% O X deg/s 50 deg/s 0.1 s 1 2 deg 1 deg 7

3 O X L* Bl Wh u* Re Gr v* Br Ye A Sm La 1:23:24 2 1 O X O X 3 3 L* u* v* 1 deg Bl

8 RF s s ST s s L* u* v* 1 2 a RF b ST u* v* (a) (b) 4 L* u* v* (a) RF (b) ST u* v* 4 u* v* u* v* 8

9 a b a b u* v* p 0.05 u* v* deg L* u* v* 5 3 deg L* u* v* RF 4 RF ST 5 RF 5 u* v* 3 p ST 5 17) 5 0 RF ST ,14) 18,19) 9

10 20 deg RF ST (a) (b) 6 1 (a) RF (b) ST

11 3 7 11) L* u* v* CIELUV L* u* v* L* u* v* DL* Du* Dv* A [deg] 11

12 A 2 O X P CP O X F F i i N n 1 {1 (F i F n ) 2 } 1 1 (1) F i i F i N (1) i n 1 F i 0 F i i n 1 (1) DL* 1 4 u* v* Du* Dv* w 1 A 2 w 2 P P C P E i * A i 2 w 2 A i 2 (2) (3) A 2 n ) 2 } 1 (4) DE i * A 2 i P i i FC i (F i f i ) G(x i, y i, ) N N n 1 n 1 ( L*) 2 i w 2 1 {( u i *) 2 ( i *)2 } [1 ( L* i L* n ) 2 w 2 1 {( u i * u n *) 2 N n 1 P P i i N n 1 ( i * n *)2 }] 1 {1 w 2 2 ( A i 2 {1 ( P i P n ) 2 } 1 {1 (F i F n ) 2 ( f i f n ) 2 } 1 (5 12

2 w 2 P P C P E i * A i 2 w 2 A i 2 (2) (3) A 2 n ) 2 } 1 (4) DE i * A 2 i P i i 3.

13 (5) i F i f i F i f i 2 G 2 x i y i i s G i (x i y i ) G s (5) (1) F i f i Í F n f n n 20) (5) i FC i ( E i * A i 2 N n 1 P i ) G(x i, y i, ) [ 1 ( L* i L* n ) 2 w 2 1 {( u i * u n *) 2 ( i * n *)2 } w 2 2 ( A i 2 (P i P n ) 2 ] 1 A n 2 ) 2 (6) 3.4 (6) 1 At i At i (6) At i N n 1 FC i FC n (7) 8 (7) 1 (a) RF (b) ST Du* Dv* w 1 A 2 w 2 G s O X C P w 1 w 2 s C P RF ST (6) G (7) w 1 w 2 C P 8 8 RF ST 9 RF 13

14 (a) 9 8 RF (b) (a) RF (b) ST 8 (a) (b) (a) (b) L* u* v* 1 L* u* v*

15 4 1 L* u* v* A [deg] L* u* v* A [deg] L* u* v* u* v* 45 3 LCD u* v* deg :38 16 : : : : : (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) a b Du* Dv* w 1 A 2 w 2 G s O X C P

4 1 u* v* 45 3 LCD u* v* 45 45 4 1 2 40 4 4 2 3 5 7 9 deg 4 1 2 9:38 16 : 31 23 : 24 3 16 : 31 10 2 56 4 1 2 23 : 24 2 23 : 24 8 56 1

16 10 8 (a) (b) (b) (1) (5) 7,8) 5 (7) (6) (7) 2 2 (6) 2 3 deg CIELUV 21) 16

17 6. 2 1) 28, 13 36, ) M. I. Posner: Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3 25, ) J. Shen, E. M. Reingold and M. Pomplun: Distractor ratio influences patterns of eye movements during visual search. Perception, 17

18 29, , ) H. P. Frey and P. Konig: The role of first- and second-order stimulus features for human overt attention. Perception and Psychophysics, 69(2), , ) M. Turatto and G. Galfano: Color, form and luminance capture attention in visual search. Vision Research, 40, , ) U. Neisser and H. K. Beller: Searching through word lists. British Journal of Psychology, 56, , ) J. M. Wolfe, R. KI and S. L. Franzel: An alternative to the feature integration model for visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 15, , ) J. M. Wolfe: Guided Search 2.0: A revised model of visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1(2), , ) C. Koch and S. Ullman: Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry. Human Neurobiology, 4, , ) L. Itti, C. Koch and E. Niebur: A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20(11), , ) L. Itti and C. Koch: A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vision Research, 40, , ) L. Itti and C. Koch: Computational modelling of visual attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, , ) H. Uchikawa, P. K. Kaiser and K. Uchikawa: Color-discrimination perimetry. Color Research and Application, 7, , ) 4, , ) HI 2006(3), 75 81, ) AdaBoost Saliency Map Graph Cuts (MIRU2008) IS3-33, , ) T. Haraguchi, T. Suzuki and K. Okajima: Quantitative analysis of inhomogeneous luminance effect in visibility of text. Optical Review, 16(6), , ) I. Abramov, J. Gordon and H. Chan: Color appearance in the peripheral retina: effects of stimulus size. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 8, , ) I. Abramov, J. Gordon and H. Chan: Color appearance across the retina: effects of a white surround. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 9, , ) 83, ) F. W. Billmeyer and M. Saltzman: Principles of color technology (2nd ed.), John Wiley & Sons,

British Journal of Psychology, 56, 349 358, 1965. 7) J. M. Wolfe, R. KI and S. L. Franzel: An alternative to the feature integration model for visual search.

Gaze Head Eye (a) deg (b) 45 deg (c) 9 deg 1: - 1(b) - [5], [6] [7] Stahl [8], [9] Fang [1], [11] Itti [12] Itti [13] [7] Fang [1],

1 1 1 Structure from Motion - 1 Ville [1] NAC EMR-9 [2] 1 Osaka University [3], [4] 1 1(a) 1(c) 9 9 9 c 216 Information Processing Society of Japan 1 Gaze Head Eye (a) deg (b) 45 deg (c) 9 deg 1: - 1(b)