食糧 その科学と技術 No.43( )
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- みひな いさやま
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13 13 Mash Mash1 gustducin Mash1NeuroD 28 Mash1 Shh Nkx2.212 Shh 29 1 Hiji, Y.: Selective elimination of taste responses to sugars by proteolytic enxymes. Nature, 256, McLaughlin, S.K., McKinnon, P.J. and Margolskee, R.F.: Gustducin is a tastecell-specific G protein closely related to the transducins. Nature, 357,
14 14 3 Wong, G.T., Gannon, K.S. and Margolskee, R.F.: Transduction of bitter and sweet taste by gustducin. Nature, 381, Abe, K., Kusakabe, Y., Tanemura, K., Emori, Y. and Arai, S.: Multiple genes for G protein-coupled receptors and their expression in lingual epithelia. FEBS Lett., 316, Hoon, M.A., Adler, E., Lindemeier, J., Battey, J.F., Ryba, N.J. and Zuker, C.S.: Putative mammalian taste receptors: a class of taste-specific GPCRs with distinct topographic selectivity. Cell, 96, Li, X., Inoue, M., Reed, D.R., Huque, T., Puchalski, R.B., Tordoff, M.G., Ninomiya, Y., Beauchamp, G.K. and Bachmanov, A.A.: High-resolution genetic mapping of the saccharin preference locus Sac and the putative sweet taste receptor T1R1 gene Gpr70 to mouse distal chromosome 4. Mamm. Genome, 12, Kitagawa, M., Kusakabe, Y., Miura, H., Ninomiya, Y. and Hino, A.: Molecular genetic identification of a candidate receptor gene for sweet taste. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 283, Montmayeur, J.P., Liberles, S.D., Matsunami, H. and Buck, L.B.: A candidate taste receptor gene near a sweet taste locus. Nat. Neurosci., 4, Max, M., Shanker, Y.G., Huang, L., Rong, M., Liu, Z., Campagne, F., Weinstein, H., Damak, S. and Margolskee, R.F.: Tas1r3, encoding a new candidate taste receptor, is allelic to the sweet responsiveness locus Sac. Nat. Genet., 28, Sainz, E., Korley, J.N., Battey, J.F. and Sullivan, S.L.: Identification of a novel member of the T1R family of putative taste receptors. J Neurochem, 77, Nelson, G., Hoon., M.A., Chandrashekar, J., Zhang, Y., Ryba, N.J. and Zuker, C.S.: Mammalian sweet taste receptors. Cell, 106, Bachmanov, A.A., Li, X., Reed., D.R., Ohmen., J.D., Li., S., Chen, Z., Tordoff, M.G., de Jong, P.J., Wu, C., West, D.B., Chatterjee., A., Ross, D.A. and Beauchamp, G.K.: Positional cloning of the mouse saccharin preference Sac locus. Chem. Senses, 26, Nelson, G., Chandrashekar, J., Hoon, M.A., Feng, L., Zhao, G., Ryba., N.J. and Zuker, C.S.: An amino-acid taste receptor. Nature, 416, Li, X., Staszewski, L., Xu, H., Durick, K., Zoller, M. and Adler, E.: Human receptors for sweet and umami taste. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99,
15 15 15 Adler, E., Hoon, M.A., Mueller, K.L., Chandrashekar, J., Ryba, N.J.P. and Zuker, C.S.: Novel Family of Mammalian Taste Receptors. Cell, 100, Chandrashekar,,J., Mueller, K.L., Hoon, M.A., Adler, E., Feng L., Guo, W., Zuker, C.S. and Ryba, N.J.P: T2rs Function as Bitter Taste Receptors.: Cell, 100, , Caicedo, A. and Roper, S.D.: Taste Receptor Cells That Discriminate Between Bitter Stimuli. Scinece, 291, Kim, M.-R., Kusakabe, Y., Miura, H., Shindo, Y., Ninomiya, Y. and Hino, A.: Regional expression pattern of taste receptors and gustducin in the mouse tonge. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 312, Damak, S., Rong, M., Yasumatsu, K., Kokrashvili, Z., Varadarajan, V., Zou, S., Jiang, P., Ninomiya, Y. and Margolskee, R.F.: Detection of sweet and umami taste in the absence of taste receptor T1r3. Science, 301, Zhao, G.Q., Zhang, Y., Hoon, M.A., Chandrashekar,.J, Erlenbach, I., Ryba, N.J. and Zuker, C.S.: The receptors for mammalian sweet and umami taste. Cell, 115, Kawai, K., Sugimoto, K., Nakashima, K., Miura, H. and Ninomiya, Y.: Leptin as a modulator of sweet taste sensitivities in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 97, Beidler, L.M. and Smallman, R.L.: Renewal of cells within taste buds. J. Cell. Biol., 27, Farbman, A.I.: Renewal of taste bud cells in rat circumvallate papillae. Cell Tissue. Kinet., 13, Stone, L.M., Finger, T.E., Tam, P.P. and Tan, S.S.: Taste receptor cells arise from local epithelium, not neurogenic ectoderm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, Nosrat, C.A., Blomlof, J., ElShamy, W.M., Ernfors, P. and Olson, L.: Lingual deficits in BDNF and NT3 mutant mice leading to gustatory and somatosensory disturbances, respectively. Development 124, Miura, H., Kusakabe, Y., Sugiyama, C., Kawamatsu, M., Ninomiya, Y., Motoyama, J. and Hino, A.: Shh and Ptc are associated with taste bud maintenance in the adult mouse. Mech. Dev., 106, Kusakabe, Y., Miura, H., Hashimoto, R., Sugiyama, C., Ninomiya, Y. and Hino, A.: The neural differentiation gene Mash-1 has a distinct pattern of expression from the taste reception-related genes gustducin and T1R2 in the taste buds. Chem. Senses, 27,
16 16 28 Suzuki, Y., Takeda, M. and Obara, N.: Expression of NeuroD in the mouse taste buds. Cell. Tissue. Res., 307, Miura, H., Kusakabe, Y., Kato, H., Miura-Ohnuma, J., Tagami, M., Ninomiya, Y. and Hino, A.: Co-expression pattern of Shh with Prox1 and that of Nkx2.2 with Mash1 in mouse taste bud. Gene. Expr. Patterns., 3,
17 17 DNA SEM, Scanning electron microscope TEM, transmission electron microscope X NMR AFM, atomic force microscopyspm, scanning probe microscopy 1 SPM SPM AFMSNOMNSOM, Scanning near-field optical microscope SPM 1980 SPM
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19 19 SPM AFM SPM 10 m 20nm 0.1nm 10.5nm AFM SNOM SPM SNOM SNOM/ShFM, Scanning near-field optical / shear force microscope SNOM/AFM, Scanning near-field optical / atomic force microscope SNOM/AFM AFM 1 SNOM SNOM/AFM SNOM/ShFM 1 SNOM/AFM AFM 1 a
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25 25 AFM 1 m 50nm AFM AFM 10 AFMSEM DNA FISH Fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH DNA SNOM/AFM DNA DNA 6
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27 27 SNOM/AFM 7 7 a SNOM/AFM 7 b c DNA FISH 8 a FISH 1 1 AFM SNOM/AFM AFM 8 b, c 8 b AFM nm SNOM/AFM 10AFM 8 c 8 b AFM SNOM/AFM 1 2
28 28 18, 19 SNOM/AFM FISH FISH nanofishfishdna SPMAFM AFM 2003 SPM pn SPM DNA AFMDNA SPM AFM 20 SPM 20 SPM SPM SPM SEM
29 29 SPM SEM SPM SPM SPM NEDO T. Ushiki, S. Yamamoto, J. Hitomi, S. Ogura, T. Umemoto and M. Shigeno: Atomic force microscopy of living cells, Jpn, J. Appl. Phys. 39, M. Nagayama, H. Haga and K. Kawabata: Drastic change of local stiffness distribution correlating to cell migration in living fibroblasts, Cell Motil Cytoskeleton, 50, X-Q. Liu, S. Sugiyama, Q-Y. Xu, T. Kobori, S. Hagiwara and T. Ohtani: Atomic force microscopy study of chromosome surface structure changed by protein extraction Ultramicroscopy 94, S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino, H. Kanahara, M. Shichiri, D. Fukushi and T. Ohtani: Effects of acetic acid treatment on plant chromosome structures analyzed by atomic force microscopy, Anal. Biochem, 324,
30 30 7 T. Ohtani, T. Yoshino, T. Ushiki, S. Hagiwara and T. Maekawa: Atomic force microscopic imaging of rice starch granule structure in nanometer scale, J. Electron Microscopy, 49, T. Ohtani, T. Yoshino, S. Hagiwara and T. Maekawa: High-resolution imaging of starch granule structure using atomic force microscopy, Starch/Stärke, 52, T. Yoshino, I. Sotomei, T. Ohtani, S. Isobe, S. Oshita and T. Maekawa: Observations of xenon gas-treated barley cells in solution by atomic force microscopy, J. Electron Microscopy, 49, ,,,,,, : Trichoderma viride 2002p M. Sasou, S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino and T. Ohtani: Molecular flat mica surface silanized with methyltrimethoxysilane for fixing and straightening DNA, Langmuir, 19, H. Nakao, H. Hayashi, T. Yoshino, S. Sugiyama, K. Otobe and T. Ohtani: Development of novel polymer-coated substrates for straightening and fixing DNA, Nano Letters, 2, SNOM/AFM J-M. Kim, T. Hirose, S. Sugiyama, T. Ohtani and H. Muramatsu: Visualizing a hybridized PNA probe on a DNA molecule with near-field optical microscopy, Nano Letters, 4, H. Nakao, M. Gad, S. Sugiyama, K. Otobe. and T. Ohtani: Transfer-printing of highly aligned DNA nanowires, J. Am. Chem. Soc., H. Nakao, H. Siigi, Y. Yamamoto, S. Tokonami, T. Nagaoka, S.Sugiyama and T. Ohtani: Highly Ordered Assemblies of Au Nanoparticles Organized on DNA, Nano Lett. 3, T. Yoshino, S. Sugiyama, S. Hagiwara, T. Ushiki and T. Ohtani: Simultaneous collection of topographic and fluorescent images of barley chromosomes by scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy, J. Electron Microscopy, 51, D. Fukushi, M. Shichiri, S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino, S. Hagiwara and T. Ohtani: Scanning near-field optical/atomic force microscopy detection of FISH signals beyond the optical limit, Exp. Cell Res., 289, T. Ohtani, M. Shichiri, D. Fukushi, S. Sugiyama, T. Yoshino, T. Kobori, S. Hagiwara, and T. Ushiki: Imaging of Chromosomes at Nano-Meter Scale
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食糧 その科学と技術 No.43( )
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1 vertex edge 1(a) 1(b) 1(c) 1(d) 2 (a) (b) (c) (d) 1: (a) (b) (c) (d) 1 2 6 1 2 6 1 2 6 3 5 3 5 3 5 4 4 (a) (b) (c) 2: (a) (b) (c) 1(b) [1 10] 1 degree k n(k) walk path 4 1: Zachary [11] [12] [13] World-Wide
42 3 u = (37) MeV/c 2 (3.4) [1] u amu m p m n [1] m H [2] m p = (4) MeV/c 2 = (13) u m n = (4) MeV/c 2 =
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3 3.1 3.1.1 kg m s J = kg m 2 s 2 MeV MeV [1] 1MeV=1 6 ev = 1.62 176 462 (63) 1 13 J (3.1) [1] 1MeV/c 2 =1.782 661 731 (7) 1 3 kg (3.2) c =1 MeV (atomic mass unit) 12 C u = 1 12 M(12 C) (3.3) 41 42 3 u
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Laser Ablation Dynamics of Amorphous Film of a Cu-Phthalocyanine Derivative Masahiro HOSODA*,**, Hiroshi FURUTANI*,**. Hiroshi FUKUMURA*,** Hiroshi MASUHARA*, Masanobu NISHII*** Nobuyuki ICHINOSE**,***,
Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194, Japan] RNA World, A Key Step in the Origin of Life : Inspection from the View Point of Biological Evolution 1) Crick, F. H. C.: Sym. Soc. Exp. Biol., 12, 548-555
Review Column 1) Extavour, C. G., Akam, M. : Development, 130, 5869-5884 (2003) 2) Saitou, M. et al.: Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 358,1363-1370(2003) 3) Eddy, E. M. : Int. Rev.
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Precise Functional Analysis of Biological Macromolecules Promoted by the Encounter of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Molecular Structure Analyses Takamitsu Kohzuma*, Sachiko Yanagisawa, and Tomotake
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