1 Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier analog digital Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Green Fourier
|
|
- ぎんと かりこめ
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fourier Fourier Fourier etc * 1 Fourier Fourier Fourier (DFT Fourier (FFT Heat Equation, Fourier Series, Fourier Transform, Discrete Fourier Transform, etc Yoshifumi TAKEDA 1 Abstract Suppose that u is a function describing the temperature at a location in a metal bar The heat equation is a parabolic partial differential equation which is used to determine the change in the function u over time We explain the solution technique called separation of variables, which is a traditional method In this article, we consider it especially in ideal conditions, in order to give an explanation of the principles of Fourier series and Fourier transform And then we shall elaborate on discrete Fourier transform (DFT and fast Fourier transform (FFT from a mathematical point of view *1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wakayama Medical University 1
2 1 Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier analog digital Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Green Fourier Fourier
3 Fourier Fourier u(x,t x t u u x t 3
4 1 u t u x (1 * 3 (1 *3 u(x,t g(x h(t u(x,t g(x h(t u t g(x d dt h(t, u x d g(x h(t dx g(x d dt d h(t g(x h(t dx h (t h(t g (x g(x x t x t *4 h (t h(t g (x g(x ξ ( h (t ξ h(t, g (x ξ g(x h(t e ξ t g(x e ξ ix, e ξ ix * *3 Fourier Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier ( *4 ξ 4
5 (1 e ξ t e ξ ix, e ξt e ξ ix Ae ξ t e ξ ix + Be ξ t e ξ ix (A + Be ξ t cos( ξ x + (A Bie ξ t sin( ξ x ξ A, B e ξ t cos( ξ x, e ξ t sin( ξ x (3 4 Fourier t 0 5
6 (1 (3 t 0 u(x,t Ae t cosx *5 t 0 *6 Fourier π π π π *5 A t 0 *6 ( ξ 6
7 π 0 π n1 n 1 e (n 1t sin((n 1x u(x,t (t 0 u(x,0 n1 sin((n 1x n 1 sinx + 3 sin(3x + 5 sin(5x + 7 sin(7x + n 10 n 100 7
8 Fourier * 7 *8 Fourier (t 0 f (x f (x u(x,t x cos(nx, sin(nx n e n t u(x,t ( e n t A n cos(nx + B n sin(nx n1 (4 Fourier * 9 A n, B n f (x u(x,0 n1 ( A n cos(nx + B n sin(nx (5 (4 f (x (5 A n, B n *7 *8 *9 0 8
9 π π π π π π π π cos(mx sin(nxdx 0 cos(mx cos(nxdx 0 (m n sin(mx sin(nxdx 0 (m n cos (nxdx π π sin (nxdx π π f (x cos(mxdx π π π ( n1 n1 ( A n π ( A n cos(nx + B n sin(nx cos(mxdx π cos(nx cos(mxdx + B n π π A n cos(mx cos(mx dx A n π π π sin(nx cos(mx dx (6 sin(mx A n 1 π π π f (x cos(nxdx, B n 1 π π π f (x sin(nxdx A n, B n f (x (5 (4 (5 Fourier A n, B n Fourier 5 Fourier e nt cos(nx, e nt sin(nx 9
10 * 10 e ξ t cos( ξ x, e ξ t sin( ξ x (3 ξ ξ ω e ωt cos(ω x, e ωt sin(ω x e ωt e iω x, e ωt e iω x ω ω e ωt e iω x (7 * 11 t 0 ω C(ω C(ωe iω x C(ωe iωx dω f (x f (x C(ωe iωx dω Fourier C(ω Fourier *10 *
11 Fourier C(ω f (xe iηx dx ( * 1 C(ω 1 f (x C(ωe iωx dω e iηx dx C(η f (xe iωx dx (8 C(ωe iωx dω (9 f (x C(ω (8 Fourier C(ω f (x (9 Fourier Fourier 1 Gauß f (x e x σ Fourier * 13 C(ω 1 f (xe iωx dx 1 e x σ e iωx dx σ e σ ω Fourier C(ω Gauß f (x σ C(ω ω Fourier *1 (6 1 *
12 Fourier f (x 1 T ( T < x < T 0 (x T, T x 1 T T T C(ω 1 1 4πT T T f (xe iωx dx 1 T cos(ωxdx 1 4πT 1 T e iωx dx 1 4πT [ ] sin(ωx T ω T T T T sin(t ω T ω e iωx dx f (x T sin ω ω 0 6 ω A(ω, B(ω A(ω B(ω A(ω B(ω A(η B(ω ηdη (10 1
13 Fourier A(ω B(ω e iωx dω ( A(η B(ω ηdη e iωx dω ( A(η B(ω ηe iωx dω dη ( A(η B(ωe i(ω+ηx dω dη (ω ω η ( ( A(ηe iη x dη B(ωe iω x dω C Fourier F (C F (A B F (A F (B Fourier 7 * 14 ω f (x f (x u(x,t e ωt e iω x (7 C(ωe iωx dω C(ωe ωt e iωx dω f (x C(ω 1 f (ye iωy dy (8 *14 13
14 u(x,t 1 1 K(x,t ( 1 ( ( f (ye iωy dy e ωt e iωx dω f (ye iωy e ωt e iωx dω dy e ωt+iω(x y dω f (ydy K(x,t 1 e ωt+iωx dω f (x u(x,t u(x,t K(x,t * 15 K(x y,t f (ydy K(x,t 1 πt x e 4t * 16 8 Fourier (DFT *15 Green *
15 * 17 N f (x N x 1, x,, x N f (x 1, f (x,, f (x N f (x N 1 f (x N N 1 N 1 N x N 1 *17 15
16 * 18 N N (a 1, a,, a N N 1 c 0 + c 1 x + + c x N (c 0, c 1,, c f (x f (x c 0 + c 1 x + + c x (11 1, x,, x cos(nx, sin(nx (n 1,, 3, f (x f (x A 1 cosx + B 1 sinx + A cos(x + B sin(x + (11 Fourier (c 0, c 1,, c Fourier *18 C[x] C[x]/(x N 1 16
17 Fourier Fourier * 19 Fourier ( Fourier ( Fourier ( Fourier ( 1 N 1, e i N 1, e i N i,, e N N e i 1 N ζ 1, ζ, ζ,, ζ * 0 f (x c 0 + c 1 x + + c x (c 0, c 1,, c ( f (1, f (ζ, f (ζ,, f (ζ x ζ k *19 Fourier : Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT *0 ζ N 1 x N 1 17
18 f (ζ k c 0 + c 1 ζ k + + c ζ k( c 0 (1, ζ k, ζ k( c 1 c Foureir f (1 f (ζ f (ζ ζ ζ 1 ζ ζ (( c 0 c 1 c ζ ζ 1 ζ ζ (( ζ 1 ζ ( 1 ζ ( ζ (( N N * 1 1 N ζ 1 ζ ( 1 ζ ( ζ (( Foureir 9 x N 1 f (x c 0 + c 1 x + + c x, g(x d 0 + d 1 x + + d x x N x, x 1, x x n 1, x 3 x N,, x x 1 + ζ k k + ζ (k k + + ζ ((k k N (k l *1 (k + 1,l ζ k l + ζ (k l + + ζ ((k l ζ N(k l 1 ζ k l 1k l 1 1 ζ k l 0 1 (k l 18
19 N c 0 d 1 + c 1 d 0 + c d + + c d 1 N 0 1 k c 0 d k + c 1 d k 1 + c d k + + c d k+1 c i d k i (1 i0 N 0 c i d i + i0 f (x c 0 + c 1 x + + c x, g(x d 0 + d 1 x + + d x c i d 1 i x + + i0 f (x g(x ( i0 k c i d i, i0 c i d 1 i,, c i d i x i0 c i d i i0 c i d k i (1 i0 x k Fourier C(η D(ω ηdη (10 ω e iωx Fourier * (10 dη (1 1 ω k * 3 i η * Fourier (9 Fourier (5 *3 R (, Z/N {0, 1,, N 1} 19
20 Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier x N 1 10 Fourier (FFT c i d k i i0 N N 1 N 1 0 N 1 N N N Fourier (a 0 b 0, a 1 b 1,, a b N 0
21 Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier ζ ζ 1 ζ ζ (( N N 0 N * 4 Fourier Fourier * 5 Fourier Fourier Fourier Fourier D ζ ζ ζ D ζ 1 ζ ζ (( f (ζ 0 f (ζ 1 f (ζ D ζ c 0 c 1 c N m (ζ N N (if k + l 0 or N *4 (k +1,l +1 1+ζ k+l +ζ (k+l + +ζ ((k+l ζ N(k+l 1 ζ k+l 1k+l 1 1 ζ k+l 1 0 (otherwise *5 N 1
22 (ζ 0, (ζ 1,, (ζ N 1, (ζ N, (ζ N +1,, (ζ N + N 1 f (x c 0 + c x + + c N x ( N 1 f (x f (x c 0 + c x + + c N x N 1 f (x f (x f (1, f (ζ, f (ζ,, f (ζ f (ζ 0, f (ζ 1,, f (ζ ( N 1, f (ζ N, f (ζ ( N +1,, f (ζ ( N + N 1 η ζ η N Fourier f ( f (η 1 η η N 1 f (η N 1 1 η N 1 η ( N 1( N 1 1 η c 0 c c N D η D ζ N N (N 1N N N N N N 4 N 1 1 4
23 Fourier Fourier * 6 f (x c 0 + c 1 x + + c x c 0 + c x + + c N x N + x(c 1 + c 3 x + + c x N g(x c 0 + c x + + c N x N h(x c 1 + c 3 x + + c x N f (x g(x + x h(x f (ζ 0 g(η 0 + ζ 0 h(η 0 f (ζ 1 g(η 1 + ζ 1 h(η 1 f (ζ N 1 g(η N 1 + ζ N 1 h(η N 1 f (ζ N g(η N + ζ N h(η N f (ζ N +1 g(η 1 + ζ N +1 h(η 1 f (ζ g(η N 1 + ζ h(η N 1 g, h * 7 f, g, h (c 0,,c, (a 0,,a N 1, (b 0,,b N 1 Fourier *6 *7 η N 1 3
24 (ĉ 0,,ĉ, (â 0,,â N 1, ( b 0,, b N 1 ĉ 0 â 0 + ζ 0 b 0 ĉ 1 â 1 + ζ 1 b 1 ĉ N 1 â N 1 + ζ N 1 b N 1 ĉ N â 0 + ζ N b 0 ĉ N +1 â 1 + ζ N +1 b 1 ĉ â N 1 + ζ b N 1 ζ N 1 ĉ 0 â 0 + ζ 0 b 0 ĉ 1 â 1 + ζ 1 b 1 ĉ N 1 â N 1 + ζ N 1 b N 1 ĉ N â 0 ζ 0 b 0 ĉ N +1 â 1 ζ 1 b 1 ĉ â N 1 ζ N 1 b N 1 ( ĉ 0 â 0 ζ 0 b0 + ĉ N 1 â N 1 ζ N 1 b N 1 ĉ N ζ 0 b0 ĉ â 0 â N 1 ζ N 1 b N 1 (13 Fourier 4
25 (â 0,,â N 1, ( b 0,, b N 1 N N N Fourier (ĉ 0,,ĉ Fourier N N N N Fourier ( ( N N + N N + N g, h 4 * Fourier Fourier 0 Fourier Fourier * 9 * 30 N ( 3 log N N 1 Fourier Fourier f g â, b Fourier ĉ Fourier (N ( 3 log N N + N ( 3 log N N log N N + 3 *8 N m *9 Fourier : Fast Fourier Transform (FFT *
26 * 31 N 1 N(N + N 1 N N N 11 c c 0 + c c, d d 0 + d d f (x c 0 + c 1 x + + c x, g(x d 0 + d 1 x + + d x f (x, g(x Fourier f (x g(x x c d f ( g( *31 Fourier Fourier 6
27 1 11 Gauß Gauß e x dx π, x t, x t dt, dx, e t dx Gauß R, a R Cauchy R R a R 0 e x dx + e (R+iy idy + e (x+ia dx + e ( R+iy idy 0 0 R a a a e (R+iy idy e (R+iy a dy e R +y iry a dy e R +y dy 0 0 e R +a a dy e R +a a e R +a a 0 as R 0 a lim e (R+iy idy 0 R lim e ( R+iy idy 0 R a e x dx e (x+ia dx (14 * 3 *3 Cauchy x + ia u, dx du e (x+ia dx e u du 7
28 1 Fourier f (x C(ω f (x Fourier f (xe iηx dx Gauß ( C(ωe iωx dω h(x e x C(ωe iωx dω e iηx dx h(εx e ε x 1 as ε 0 f (x h(εx f (xe iηx dx ( h(εx ( ( εx z, x z, εdx dz ε ( ω η εζ, dω εdζ ( C(ωe iωx dω e iηx dx h(εxc(ωe iωx e iηx dω dx h(εxc(ωe i(ω ηx dω dx h(zc(ωe i(ω η z dz ε dω ε h(zc(η + εζ e iζ z dζ dz ε 0, ( ( ( ( ( h(zc(ηe iζ z dζ dz h(ze iζ z dζ dz C(η e z e iζ z dζ dz C(η e z iζ z dζ dz C(η e (z iζ (iζ dζ dz C(η 8
29 ( ( ( e (z iζ +ζ dζ dz C(η e (z iζ e ζ dζ dz C(η e (z iζ dz e ζ dζ C(η (14 ( ( e z dz e z dz e ζ dζ C(η ( e ζ dζ C(η Gauß C(η C(η C(ω 13 Fourier Gauß f (x e x σ Fourier C(ω 1 f (xe iωx dx 1 e x σ e iωx dx e x σ iωx dx e x +σ iωx σ dx e (x+σ iω σ 4 i ω σ e (x+σ iω +σ 4 ω σ dx dx e (x+σ iω σ e σ4 ω σ dx e (x+σ iω σ dx e σ ω
30 (14 x σt, dy σdt Gauß Gauß 1 e x σ dx e σ ω 1 σ σ e t σ dt e σ ω e t dt e σ ω e σ ω σ e σ ω 14 7 K(x,t x e 4t e ω t+iωx dω e (ω t ix t x 4t dω e (ω t ix t dω ω t η, t dω dη 1 t x e 4t (η ix e t dη (14 1 t x e 4t e η dη Gauß 1 t 1 πt e x 4t π x e 4t 30
31 15 Parseval-Plancherel Fourier c (c 0, c 1,, c, d (d 0, d 1,, d ĉ ( f (1, f (ζ, f (ζ,, f (ζ, d (g(1, g(ζ, g(ζ,, g(ζ ĉ l f (ζ l c k ζ kl k0 Fourier (1/ND ζ d Fourier d 0 d 1 d 1 N ζ 1 ζ ( 1 ζ ( ζ (( d 0 d 1 d d k 1 N ζ kl g(ζ l l0 ( 1 (c,d c k d k c k k0 k0 N ζ kl g(ζ l l0 1 N k0 1 N (ĉ, d c k ζ kl g(ζ l 1 l0 N l0 ( 1 c k k0 N ( c k ζ kl g(ζ l 1 k0 N ζ kl g(ζ l l0 l0 f (ζ l g(ζ l Fourier Parseval-Plancherel (c,d 1 N (ĉ, d, c 1 N ĉ 31
32 16 Fourier N m 1 N ζ e i 1 N Fourier (13 D ζ, D η D ζ c 0 c N 1 c N c a 0 ζ 0 b 0 D η + D η a N 1 ζ N 1 b N 1 D η a 0 a N 1 ζ 0 ζ N 1 D η b 0 b N 1 N m S(m ζ 0 1 +, S(m S(m 1 + m m 1 + m 1 S(m m 1 1 S(m 1 (S(m m 1 S(m 1 m S(m 1 1 m S(0 0 S(m 1 m S( m 3 m 1 S(m m ( 3 m [1] Émile Picard, Leçons sur quelques équations fonctionnelles avec des applications a divers problèmes d analyse et de physique mathématique, rédigées par Eugène Blanc, Gauthier- Villars (198 (1977 3
33 [] ( (1953 (1958 [3] 4 (1963 [4] (1977 [5] Rudolf Lidl and Günter Pilz, Applied Abstract Algebra, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, nd edition (1997 [6] (003 33
1 yousuke.itoh/lecture-notes.html [0, π) f(x) = x π 2. [0, π) f(x) = x 2π 3. [0, π) f(x) = x 2π 1.2. Euler α
1 http://sasuke.hep.osaka-cu.ac.jp/ yousuke.itoh/lecture-notes.html 1.1. 1. [, π) f(x) = x π 2. [, π) f(x) = x 2π 3. [, π) f(x) = x 2π 1.2. Euler dx = 2π, cos mxdx =, sin mxdx =, cos nx cos mxdx = πδ mn,
More informationbody.dvi
..1 f(x) n = 1 b n = 1 f f(x) cos nx dx, n =, 1,,... f(x) sin nx dx, n =1,, 3,... f(x) = + ( n cos nx + b n sin nx) n=1 1 1 5 1.1........................... 5 1.......................... 14 1.3...........................
More informationS I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C dy fx 4 x, y dy v C xt y C v e kt k > xt yt gt [ v dt dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v + C C k xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S dt d
S I.. http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5.............. 3 5. Laplace................. 5....
More informationS I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt
S I. x yx y y, y,. F x, y, y, y,, y n http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda n /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS yx.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5..............
More information, 1 ( f n (x))dx d dx ( f n (x)) 1 f n (x)dx d dx f n(x) lim f n (x) = [, 1] x f n (x) = n x x 1 f n (x) = x f n (x) = x 1 x n n f n(x) = [, 1] f n (x
1 1.1 4n 2 x, x 1 2n f n (x) = 4n 2 ( 1 x), 1 x 1 n 2n n, 1 x n n 1 1 f n (x)dx = 1, n = 1, 2,.. 1 lim 1 lim 1 f n (x)dx = 1 lim f n(x) = ( lim f n (x))dx = f n (x)dx 1 ( lim f n (x))dx d dx ( lim f d
More informationx A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ dt iωζ = ẍ + ω2 x (2.1) ζ ζ = Aωe iωt = Aω cos ωt + iaω sin
2 2.1 F (t) 2.1.1 mẍ + kx = F (t). m ẍ + ω 2 x = F (t)/m ω = k/m. 1 : (ẋ, x) x = A sin ωt, ẋ = Aω cos ωt 1 2-1 x A Aω ẋ ẋ 2 + ω 2 x 2 = ω 2 A 2. (ẋ, ωx) ζ ẋ + iωx ζ ζ dζ = ẍ + iωẋ = ẍ + iω(ζ iωx) dt dζ
More informationx (x, ) x y (, y) iy x y z = x + iy (x, y) (r, θ) r = x + y, θ = tan ( y ), π < θ π x r = z, θ = arg z z = x + iy = r cos θ + ir sin θ = r(cos θ + i s
... x, y z = x + iy x z y z x = Rez, y = Imz z = x + iy x iy z z () z + z = (z + z )() z z = (z z )(3) z z = ( z z )(4)z z = z z = x + y z = x + iy ()Rez = (z + z), Imz = (z z) i () z z z + z z + z.. z
More information, 3, 6 = 3, 3,,,, 3,, 9, 3, 9, 3, 3, 4, 43, 4, 3, 9, 6, 6,, 0 p, p, p 3,..., p n N = p p p 3 p n + N p n N p p p, p 3,..., p n p, p,..., p n N, 3,,,,
6,,3,4,, 3 4 8 6 6................................. 6.................................. , 3, 6 = 3, 3,,,, 3,, 9, 3, 9, 3, 3, 4, 43, 4, 3, 9, 6, 6,, 0 p, p, p 3,..., p n N = p p p 3 p n + N p n N p p p,
More informationtext.dvi
I kawazoe@sfc.keio.ac.jp chap. Fourier Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier (768.3.-83.5.6) Auxerre Ecole Polytrchnique Napoleon G.Monge Isere Napoleon Academie Francaise [] [ ] [] [] [ ] [ ] [] chap. + + Fourier
More information(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y
[ ] 7 0.1 2 2 + y = t sin t IC ( 9) ( s090101) 0.2 y = d2 y 2, y = x 3 y + y 2 = 0 (2) y + 2y 3y = e 2x 0.3 1 ( y ) = f x C u = y x ( 15) ( s150102) [ ] y/x du x = Cexp f(u) u (2) x y = xey/x ( 16) ( s160101)
More informationn=1 1 n 2 = π = π f(z) f(z) 2 f(z) = u(z) + iv(z) *1 f (z) u(x, y), v(x, y) f(z) f (z) = f/ x u x = v y, u y = v x
n= n 2 = π2 6 3 2 28 + 4 + 9 + = π2 6 2 f(z) f(z) 2 f(z) = u(z) + iv(z) * f (z) u(x, y), v(x, y) f(z) f (z) = f/ x u x = v y, u y = v x f x = i f y * u, v 3 3. 3 f(t) = u(t) + v(t) [, b] f(t)dt = u(t)dt
More informationII 1 3 2 5 3 7 4 8 5 11 6 13 7 16 8 18 2 1 1. x 2 + xy x y (1 lim (x,y (1,1 x 1 x 3 + y 3 (2 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 x 2 (3 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 xy (4 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 x y (5 lim (x,y (, x + y x 3y
More informationIA hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp Last updated: January,......................................................................................................................................................................................
More information5. [1 ] 1 [], u(x, t) t c u(x, t) x (5.3) ξ x + ct, η x ct (5.4),u(x, t) ξ, η u(ξ, η), ξ t,, ( u(ξ,η) ξ η u(x, t) t ) u(x, t) { ( u(ξ, η) c t ξ ξ { (
5 5.1 [ ] ) d f(t) + a d f(t) + bf(t) : f(t) 1 dt dt ) u(x, t) c u(x, t) : u(x, t) t x : ( ) ) 1 : y + ay, : y + ay + by : ( ) 1 ) : y + ay, : yy + ay 3 ( ): ( ) ) : y + ay, : y + ay b [],,, [ ] au xx
More information,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.
9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,
More information(5 B m e i 2π T mt m m B m e i 2π T mt m m B m e i 2π T mt B m (m < 0 C m m (6 (7 (5 g(t C 0 + m C m e i 2π T mt (7 C m e i 2π T mt + m m C m e i 2π T
2.6 FFT(Fast Fourier Transform 2.6. T g(t g(t 2 a 0 + { a m b m 2 T T 0 2 T T 0 (a m cos( 2π T mt + b m sin( 2π mt ( T m 2π g(t cos( T mtdt m 0,, 2,... 2π g(t sin( T mtdt m, 2, 3... (2 g(t T 0 < t < T
More informationn ξ n,i, i = 1,, n S n ξ n,i n 0 R 1,.. σ 1 σ i .10.14.15 0 1 0 1 1 3.14 3.18 3.19 3.14 3.14,. ii 1 1 1.1..................................... 1 1............................... 3 1.3.........................
More information(iii) 0 V, x V, x + 0 = x. 0. (iv) x V, y V, x + y = 0., y x, y = x. (v) 1x = x. (vii) (α + β)x = αx + βx. (viii) (αβ)x = α(βx)., V, C.,,., (1)
1. 1.1...,. 1.1.1 V, V x, y, x y x + y x + y V,, V x α, αx αx V,, (i) (viii) : x, y, z V, α, β C, (i) x + y = y + x. (ii) (x + y) + z = x + (y + z). 1 (iii) 0 V, x V, x + 0 = x. 0. (iv) x V, y V, x + y
More information17 3 31 1 1 3 2 5 3 9 4 10 5 15 6 21 7 29 8 31 9 35 10 38 11 41 12 43 13 46 14 48 2 15 Radon CT 49 16 50 17 53 A 55 1 (oscillation phenomena) e iθ = cos θ + i sin θ, cos θ = eiθ + e iθ 2, sin θ = eiθ e
More information(1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10)
2017 12 9 4 1 30 4 10 3 1 30 3 30 2 1 30 2 50 1 1 30 2 10 (1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10) (1) i 23 c 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b d e f g h i (2) 23 23 (3) 23 ( 23 ) 23 x 1 x 2 23 x
More informationxia2.dvi
Journal of Differential Equations 96 (992), 70-84 Melnikov method and transversal homoclinic points in the restricted three-body problem Zhihong Xia Department of Mathematics, Harvard University Cambridge,
More information数値計算:フーリエ変換
( ) 1 / 72 1 8 2 3 4 ( ) 2 / 72 ( ) 3 / 72 ( ) 4 / 72 ( ) 5 / 72 sample.m Fs = 1000; T = 1/Fs; L = 1000; t = (0:L-1)*T; % Sampling frequency % Sample time % Length of signal % Time vector y=1+0.7*sin(2*pi*50*t)+sin(2*pi*120*t)+2*randn(size(t));
More informationII A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka )
II 214-1 : October 2, 214 Version : 1.1 Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/14w-biseki.html pdf 1 2 1 9 1 16 1 23 1 3 11 6 11 13 11 2 11 27 12 4 12 11
More information() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)
0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()
More informationy π π O π x 9 s94.5 y dy dx. y = x + 3 y = x logx + 9 s9.6 z z x, z y. z = xy + y 3 z = sinx y 9 s x dx π x cos xdx 9 s93.8 a, fx = e x ax,. a =
[ ] 9 IC. dx = 3x 4y dt dy dt = x y u xt = expλt u yt λ u u t = u u u + u = xt yt 6 3. u = x, y, z = x + y + z u u 9 s9 grad u ux, y, z = c c : grad u = u x i + u y j + u k i, j, k z x, y, z grad u v =
More informationMicrosoft Word - 信号処理3.doc
Junji OHTSUBO 2012 FFT FFT SN sin cos x v ψ(x,t) = f (x vt) (1.1) t=0 (1.1) ψ(x,t) = A 0 cos{k(x vt) + φ} = A 0 cos(kx ωt + φ) (1.2) A 0 v=ω/k φ ω k 1.3 (1.2) (1.2) (1.2) (1.1) 1.1 c c = a + ib, a = Re[c],
More information2.2 ( y = y(x ( (x 0, y 0 y (x 0 (y 0 = y(x 0 y = y(x ( y (x 0 = F (x 0, y(x 0 = F (x 0, y 0 (x 0, y 0 ( (x 0, y 0 F (x 0, y 0 xy (x, y (, F (x, y ( (
(. x y y x f y = f(x y x y = y(x y x y dx = d dx y(x = y (x = f (x y = y(x x ( (differential equation ( + y 2 dx + xy = 0 dx = xy + y 2 2 2 x y 2 F (x, y = xy + y 2 y = y(x x x xy(x = F (x, y(x + y(x 2
More informationI, II 1, A = A 4 : 6 = max{ A, } A A 10 10%
1 2006.4.17. A 3-312 tel: 092-726-4774, e-mail: hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp, http://www.math.kyushu-u.ac.jp/ hara/lectures/lectures-j.html Office hours: B A I ɛ-δ ɛ-δ 1. 2. A 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. ɛ-δ 1. ɛ-n
More informationI A A441 : April 21, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) Google
I4 - : April, 4 Version :. Kwhir, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotk) Google http://www.mth.ngoy-u.c.jp/~kwhir/courses/4s-biseki.html pdf 4 4 4 4 8 e 5 5 9 etc. 5 6 6 6 9 n etc. 6 6 6 3 6 3 7 7 etc 7 4 7 7 8 5 59
More informationft. ft τfτdτ = e t.5.. fx = x [ π, π] n sinnx n n=. π a π a, x [ π, π] x = a n cosnx cosna + 4 n=. 3, x [ π, π] x 3 π x = n sinnx. n=.6 f, t gt n 3 n
[ ]. A = IC X n 3 expx = E + expta t : n! n=. fx π x π. { π x < fx = x π fx F k F k = π 9 s9 fxe ikx dx, i =. F k. { x x fx = x >.3 ft = cosωt F s = s4 e st ftdt., e, s. s = c + iφ., i, c, φ., Gφ = lim
More information微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.
微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)
More informationsimx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a =
II 6 ishimori@phys.titech.ac.jp 6.. 5.4.. f Rx = f Lx = fx fx + lim = lim x x + x x f c = f x + x < c < x x x + lim x x fx fx x x = lim x x f c = f x x < c < x cosmx cosxdx = {cosm x + cosm + x} dx = [
More informationv er.1/ c /(21)
12 -- 1 1 2009 1 17 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2 2 2 1-5 1 1-6 1 1-7 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 c 2011 1/(21) 12 -- 1 -- 1 1--1 1--1--1 1 2009 1 n n α { n } α α { n } lim n = α, n α n n ε n > N n α < ε N {1, 1,
More information() (, y) E(, y) () E(, y) (3) q ( ) () E(, y) = k q q (, y) () E(, y) = k r r (3).3 [.7 ] f y = f y () f(, y) = y () f(, y) = tan y y ( ) () f y = f y
5. [. ] z = f(, y) () z = 3 4 y + y + 3y () z = y (3) z = sin( y) (4) z = cos y (5) z = 4y (6) z = tan y (7) z = log( + y ) (8) z = tan y + + y ( ) () z = 3 8y + y z y = 4 + + 6y () z = y z y = (3) z =
More informationm d2 x = kx αẋ α > 0 (3.5 dt2 ( de dt = d dt ( 1 2 mẋ kx2 = mẍẋ + kxẋ = (mẍ + kxẋ = αẋẋ = αẋ 2 < 0 (3.6 Joule Joule 1843 Joule ( A B (> A ( 3-2
3 3.1 ( 1 m d2 x(t dt 2 = kx(t k = (3.1 d 2 x dt 2 = ω2 x, ω = x(t = 0, ẋ(0 = v 0 k m (3.2 x = v 0 ω sin ωt (ẋ = v 0 cos ωt (3.3 E = 1 2 mẋ2 + 1 2 kx2 = 1 2 mv2 0 cos 2 ωt + 1 2 k v2 0 ω 2 sin2 ωt = 1
More informationLebesgue Fubini L p Banach, Hilbert Höld
II (Analysis II) Lebesgue (Applications of Lebesgue Integral Theory) 1 (Seiji HIABA) 1 ( ),,, ( ) 1 1 1.1 1 Lebesgue........................ 1 1.2 2 Fubini...................... 2 2 L p 5 2.1 Banach, Hilbert..............................
More information4................................. 4................................. 4 6................................. 6................................. 9.................................................... 3..3..........................
More informationZ: Q: R: C: sin 6 5 ζ a, b
Z: Q: R: C: 3 3 7 4 sin 6 5 ζ 9 6 6............................... 6............................... 6.3......................... 4 7 6 8 8 9 3 33 a, b a bc c b a a b 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 a a a a p > p p p, 3,
More informationB [ 0.1 ] x > 0 x 6= 1 f(x) µ 1 1 xn 1 + sin sin x 1 x 1 f(x) := lim. n x n (1) lim inf f(x) (2) lim sup f(x) x 1 0 x 1 0 (
. 28 4 14 [.1 ] x > x 6= 1 f(x) µ 1 1 xn 1 + sin + 2 + sin x 1 x 1 f(x) := lim. 1 + x n (1) lim inf f(x) (2) lim sup f(x) x 1 x 1 (3) lim inf x 1+ f(x) (4) lim sup f(x) x 1+ [.2 ] [, 1] Ω æ x (1) (2) nx(1
More informationZ: Q: R: C:
0 Z: Q: R: C: 3 4 4 4................................ 4 4.................................. 7 5 3 5...................... 3 5......................... 40 5.3 snz) z)........................... 4 6 46 x
More information(1) D = [0, 1] [1, 2], (2x y)dxdy = D = = (2) D = [1, 2] [2, 3], (x 2 y + y 2 )dxdy = D = = (3) D = [0, 1] [ 1, 2], 1 {
7 4.., ], ], ydy, ], 3], y + y dy 3, ], ], + y + ydy 4, ], ], y ydy ydy y y ] 3 3 ] 3 y + y dy y + 3 y3 5 + 9 3 ] 3 + y + ydy 5 6 3 + 9 ] 3 73 6 y + y + y ] 3 + 3 + 3 3 + 3 + 3 ] 4 y y dy y ] 3 y3 83 3
More information5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h 0 g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b)
5 partial differentiation (total) differentiation 5. z = f(x, y) (a, b) A = lim h 0 f(a + h, b) f(a, b) h............................................................... ( ) f(x, y) (a, b) x A (a, b) x
More informationx () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x
[ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),
More information1 1 sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω 1 ω α V T m T m 1 100Hz m 2 36km 500Hz. 36km 1
sin cos P (primary) S (secondly) 2 P S A sin(ω2πt + α) A ω ω α 3 3 2 2V 3 33+.6T m T 5 34m Hz. 34 3.4m 2 36km 5Hz. 36km m 34 m 5 34 + m 5 33 5 =.66m 34m 34 x =.66 55Hz, 35 5 =.7 485.7Hz 2 V 5Hz.5V.5V V
More informationx i [, b], (i 0, 1, 2,, n),, [, b], [, b] [x 0, x 1 ] [x 1, x 2 ] [x n 1, x n ] ( 2 ). x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x n 1 x n b 2: [, b].,, (1) x 0, x 1, x 2,, x n
1, R f : R R,.,, b R < b, f(x) [, b] f(x)dx,, [, b] f(x) x ( ) ( 1 ). y y f(x) f(x)dx b x 1: f(x)dx, [, b] f(x) x ( ).,,,,,., f(x)dx,,,, f(x)dx. 1.1 Riemnn,, [, b] f(x) x., x 0 < x 1 < x 2 < < x n 1
More informationhttp://www.ns.kogakuin.ac.jp/~ft13389/lecture/physics1a2b/ pdf I 1 1 1.1 ( ) 1. 30 m µm 2. 20 cm km 3. 10 m 2 cm 2 4. 5 cm 3 km 3 5. 1 6. 1 7. 1 1.2 ( ) 1. 1 m + 10 cm 2. 1 hr + 6400 sec 3. 3.0 10 5 kg
More information1 filename=mathformula tex 1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 4ac, (1.1) 2a x 1 + x 2 = b a, x 1x 2 = c a, (1.2) ax 2 + 2b x + c = 0, x = b ± b 2
filename=mathformula58.tex ax + bx + c =, x = b ± b 4ac, (.) a x + x = b a, x x = c a, (.) ax + b x + c =, x = b ± b ac. a (.3). sin(a ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B, (.) cos(a ± B) = cos A cos B sin
More informationSFGÇÃÉXÉyÉNÉgÉãå`.pdf
SFG 1 SFG SFG I SFG (ω) χ SFG (ω). SFG χ χ SFG (ω) = χ NR e iϕ +. ω ω + iγ SFG φ = ±π/, χ φ = ±π 3 χ SFG χ SFG = χ NR + χ (ω ω ) + Γ + χ NR χ (ω ω ) (ω ω ) + Γ cosϕ χ NR χ Γ (ω ω ) + Γ sinϕ. 3 (θ) 180
More informationRadiation from moving charges#1 Liénard-Wiechert potential Yuji Chinone 1 Maxwell Maxwell MKS E (x, t) + B (x, t) t = 0 (1) B (x, t) = 0 (2) B (x, t)
Radiation from moving harges# Liénard-Wiehert potential Yuji Chinone Maxwell Maxwell MKS E x, t + B x, t = B x, t = B x, t E x, t = µ j x, t 3 E x, t = ε ρ x, t 4 ε µ ε µ = E B ρ j A x, t φ x, t A x, t
More informationmugensho.dvi
1 1 f (t) lim t a f (t) = 0 f (t) t a 1.1 (1) lim(t 1) 2 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 2 t 1 (2) lim(t 1) 3 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 3 t 1 2 f (t), g(t) t a lim t a f (t) g(t) g(t) f (t) = o(g(t)) (t a) = 0 f (t) (t 1) 3 1.2 lim
More informationApp. of Leb. Integral Theory (S. Hiraba) Lebesgue (X, F, µ) (measure space)., X, 2 X, F 2 X σ (σ-field), i.e., (1) F, (2) A F = A c F, (3)
Lebesgue (Applications of Lebesgue Integral Theory) (Seiji HIABA) 1 1 1.1 1 Lebesgue........................ 1 1.2 2 Fubini...................... 2 2 L p 5 2.1 Banach, Hilbert..............................
More informationNote.tex 2008/09/19( )
1 20 9 19 2 1 5 1.1........................ 5 1.2............................. 8 2 9 2.1............................. 9 2.2.............................. 10 3 13 3.1.............................. 13 3.2..................................
More informationDecember 28, 2018
e-mail : kigami@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp December 28, 28 Contents 2............................. 3.2......................... 7.3..................... 9.4................ 4.5............. 2.6.... 22 2 36 2..........................
More informationA 2008 10 (2010 4 ) 1 1 1.1................................. 1 1.2..................................... 1 1.3............................ 3 1.3.1............................. 3 1.3.2..................................
More informationi
i 3 4 4 7 5 6 3 ( ).. () 3 () (3) (4) /. 3. 4/3 7. /e 8. a > a, a = /, > a >. () a >, a =, > a > () a > b, a = b, a < b. c c n a n + b n + c n 3c n..... () /3 () + (3) / (4) /4 (5) m > n, a b >, m > n,
More informationTOP URL 1
TOP URL http://amonphys.web.fc.com/ 3.............................. 3.............................. 4.3 4................... 5.4........................ 6.5........................ 8.6...........................7
More information18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α
18 I ( ) (1) I-1,I-2,I-3 (2) (3) I-1 ( ) (100 ) θ ϕ θ ϕ m m l l θ ϕ θ ϕ 2 g (1) (2) 0 (3) θ ϕ (4) (3) θ(t) = A 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + A 2 cos(ω 2 t + α 2 ), ϕ(t) = B 1 cos(ω 1 t + α 1 ) + B 2 cos(ω 2 t
More informationmeiji_resume_1.PDF
β β β (q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) H(q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) Hψ = εψ ε k = k +1/ ε k = k(k 1) (x, y, z; p x, p y, p z ) (r; p r ), (θ; p θ ), (ϕ; p ϕ ) ε k = 1/ k p i dq i E total = E
More informationz f(z) f(z) x, y, u, v, r, θ r > 0 z = x + iy, f = u + iv C γ D f(z) f(z) D f(z) f(z) z, Rm z, z 1.1 z = x + iy = re iθ = r (cos θ + i sin θ) z = x iy
z fz fz x, y, u, v, r, θ r > z = x + iy, f = u + iv γ D fz fz D fz fz z, Rm z, z. z = x + iy = re iθ = r cos θ + i sin θ z = x iy = re iθ = r cos θ i sin θ x = z + z = Re z, y = z z = Im z i r = z = z
More information18 ( ) I II III A B C(100 ) 1, 2, 3, 5 I II A B (100 ) 1, 2, 3 I II A B (80 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(80 ) 1 n (1 + x) n (1) n C 1 + n C
8 ( ) 8 5 4 I II III A B C( ),,, 5 I II A B ( ),, I II A B (8 ) 6 8 I II III A B C(8 ) n ( + x) n () n C + n C + + n C n = 7 n () 7 9 C : y = x x A(, 6) () A C () C P AP Q () () () 4 A(,, ) B(,, ) C(,,
More informationX G P G (X) G BG [X, BG] S 2 2 2 S 2 2 S 2 = { (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) R 3 x 2 1 + x 2 2 + x 2 3 = 1 } R 3 S 2 S 2 v x S 2 x x v(x) T x S 2 T x S 2 S 2 x T x S 2 = { ξ R 3 x ξ } R 3 T x S 2 S 2 x x T x S 2
More information1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0
1 No.1 5 C 1 I III F 1 F 2 F 1 F 2 2 Φ 2 (t) = Φ 1 (t) Φ 1 (t t). = Φ 1(t) t = ( 1.5e 0.5t 2.4e 4t 2e 10t ) τ < 0 t > τ Φ 2 (t) < 0 lim t Φ 2 (t) = 0 0 < t < τ I II 0 No.2 2 C x y x y > 0 x 0 x > b a dx
More informationChap11.dvi
. () x 3 + dx () (x )(x ) dx + sin x sin x( + cos x) dx () x 3 3 x + + 3 x + 3 x x + x 3 + dx 3 x + dx 6 x x x + dx + 3 log x + 6 log x x + + 3 rctn ( ) dx x + 3 4 ( x 3 ) + C x () t x t tn x dx x. t x
More informationI-2 (100 ) (1) y(x) y dy dx y d2 y dx 2 (a) y + 2y 3y = 9e 2x (b) x 2 y 6y = 5x 4 (2) Bernoulli B n (n = 0, 1, 2,...) x e x 1 = n=0 B 0 B 1 B 2 (3) co
16 I ( ) (1) I-1 I-2 I-3 (2) I-1 ( ) (100 ) 2l x x = 0 y t y(x, t) y(±l, t) = 0 m T g y(x, t) l y(x, t) c = 2 y(x, t) c 2 2 y(x, t) = g (A) t 2 x 2 T/m (1) y 0 (x) y 0 (x) = g c 2 (l2 x 2 ) (B) (2) (1)
More information.3. (x, x = (, u = = 4 (, x x = 4 x, x 0 x = 0 x = 4 x.4. ( z + z = 8 z, z 0 (z, z = (0, 8, (,, (8, 0 3 (0, 8, (,, (8, 0 z = z 4 z (g f(x = g(
06 5.. ( y = x x y 5 y 5 = (x y = x + ( y = x + y = x y.. ( Y = C + I = 50 + 0.5Y + 50 r r = 00 0.5Y ( L = M Y r = 00 r = 0.5Y 50 (3 00 0.5Y = 0.5Y 50 Y = 50, r = 5 .3. (x, x = (, u = = 4 (, x x = 4 x,
More informationZ: Q: R: C: 3. Green Cauchy
7 Z: Q: R: C: 3. Green.............................. 3.............................. 5.3................................. 6.4 Cauchy..................... 6.5 Taylor..........................6...............................
More informationAcrobat Distiller, Job 128
(2 ) 2 < > ( ) f x (x, y) 2x 3+y f y (x, y) x 2y +2 f(3, 2) f x (3, 2) 5 f y (3, 2) L y 2 z 5x 5 ` x 3 z y 2 2 2 < > (2 ) f(, 2) 7 f x (x, y) 2x y f x (, 2),f y (x, y) x +4y,f y (, 2) 7 z (x ) + 7(y 2)
More informationI ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT
I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345
More informationu = u(t, x 1,..., x d ) : R R d C λ i = 1 := x 2 1 x 2 d d Euclid Laplace Schrödinger N := {1, 2, 3,... } Z := {..., 3, 2, 1,, 1, 2, 3
2 2 1 5 5 Schrödinger i u t + u = λ u 2 u. u = u(t, x 1,..., x d ) : R R d C λ i = 1 := 2 + + 2 x 2 1 x 2 d d Euclid Laplace Schrödinger 3 1 1.1 N := {1, 2, 3,... } Z := {..., 3, 2, 1,, 1, 2, 3,... } Q
More information2 2 L 5 2. L L L L k.....
L 528 206 2 9 2 2 L 5 2. L........................... 5 2.2 L................................... 7 2............................... 9. L..................2 L k........................ 2 4 I 5 4. I...................................
More informationIA 2013 : :10722 : 2 : :2 :761 :1 (23-27) : : ( / ) (1 /, ) / e.g. (Taylar ) e x = 1 + x + x xn n! +... sin x = x x3 6 + x5 x2n+1 + (
IA 2013 : :10722 : 2 : :2 :761 :1 23-27) : : 1 1.1 / ) 1 /, ) / e.g. Taylar ) e x = 1 + x + x2 2 +... + xn n! +... sin x = x x3 6 + x5 x2n+1 + 1)n 5! 2n + 1)! 2 2.1 = 1 e.g. 0 = 0.00..., π = 3.14..., 1
More informationI
I 6 4 10 1 1 1.1............... 1 1................ 1 1.3.................... 1.4............... 1.4.1.............. 1.4................. 1.4.3........... 3 1.4.4.. 3 1.5.......... 3 1.5.1..............
More information211 kotaro@math.titech.ac.jp 1 R *1 n n R n *2 R n = {(x 1,..., x n ) x 1,..., x n R}. R R 2 R 3 R n R n R n D D R n *3 ) (x 1,..., x n ) f(x 1,..., x n ) f D *4 n 2 n = 1 ( ) 1 f D R n f : D R 1.1. (x,
More informationW u = u(x, t) u tt = a 2 u xx, a > 0 (1) D := {(x, t) : 0 x l, t 0} u (0, t) = 0, u (l, t) = 0, t 0 (2)
3 215 4 27 1 1 u u(x, t) u tt a 2 u xx, a > (1) D : {(x, t) : x, t } u (, t), u (, t), t (2) u(x, ) f(x), u(x, ) t 2, x (3) u(x, t) X(x)T (t) u (1) 1 T (t) a 2 T (t) X (x) X(x) α (2) T (t) αa 2 T (t) (4)
More informationhttp://www.ike-dyn.ritsumei.ac.jp/ hyoo/wave.html 1 1, 5 3 1.1 1..................................... 3 1.2 5.1................................... 4 1.3.......................... 5 1.4 5.2, 5.3....................
More informationIII 1 (X, d) d U d X (X, d). 1. (X, d).. (i) d(x, y) d(z, y) d(x, z) (ii) d(x, y) d(z, w) d(x, z) + d(y, w) 2. (X, d). F X.. (1), X F, (2) F 1, F 2 F
III 1 (X, d) d U d X (X, d). 1. (X, d).. (i) d(x, y) d(z, y) d(x, z) (ii) d(x, y) d(z, w) d(x, z) + d(y, w) 2. (X, d). F X.. (1), X F, (2) F 1, F 2 F F 1 F 2 F, (3) F λ F λ F λ F. 3., A λ λ A λ. B λ λ
More informationgrad φ(p ) φ P grad φ(p ) p P p φ P p l t φ l t = 0 g (0) g (0) (31) grad φ(p ) p grad φ φ (P, φ(p )) xy (x, y) = (ξ(t), η(t)) ( )
2 9 2 5 2.2.3 grad φ(p ) φ P grad φ(p ) p P p φ P p l t φ l t = g () g () (3) grad φ(p ) p grad φ φ (P, φ(p )) y (, y) = (ξ(t), η(t)) ( ) ξ (t) (t) := η (t) grad f(ξ(t), η(t)) (t) g(t) := f(ξ(t), η(t))
More information1.2 y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = 0 (1) y 1 (x), y 2 (x) y 1 (x), y 2 (x) (1) y(x) c 1, c 2 y(x) = c 1 y 1 (x) + c 2 y 2 (x) 3 y 1 (x) y 1 (x) e R P (x)dx y 2
1 1.1 R(x) = 0 y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = R(x)...(1) y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = 0...(2) 1 2 u(x) v(x) c 1 u(x)+ c 2 v(x) = 0 c 1 = c 2 = 0 c 1 = c 2 = 0 2 0 2 u(x) v(x) u(x) u (x) W (u, v)(x) = v(x) v (x) 0 1 1.2
More information1 1. x 1 (1) x 2 + 2x + 5 dx d dx (x2 + 2x + 5) = 2(x + 1) x 1 x 2 + 2x + 5 = x + 1 x 2 + 2x x 2 + 2x + 5 y = x 2 + 2x + 5 dy = 2(x + 1)dx x + 1
. ( + + 5 d ( + + 5 ( + + + 5 + + + 5 + + 5 y + + 5 dy ( + + dy + + 5 y log y + C log( + + 5 + C. ++5 (+ +4 y (+/ + + 5 (y + 4 4(y + dy + + 5 dy Arctany+C Arctan + y ( + +C. + + 5 ( + log( + + 5 Arctan
More informationn Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x) 1 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) 0 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) = Y 1 (x)... Y n (x) Y 1(x)... Y n(x) (x)... Y n (n 1) (x) Y (n 1)
D d dx 1 1.1 n d n y a 0 dx n + a d n 1 y 1 dx n 1 +... + a dy n 1 dx + a ny = f(x)...(1) dk y dx k = y (k) a 0 y (n) + a 1 y (n 1) +... + a n 1 y + a n y = f(x)...(2) (2) (2) f(x) 0 a 0 y (n) + a 1 y
More information- II
- II- - -.................................................................................................... 3.3.............................................. 4 6...........................................
More information振動と波動
Report JS0.5 J Simplicity February 4, 2012 1 J Simplicity HOME http://www.jsimplicity.com/ Preface 2 Report 2 Contents I 5 1 6 1.1..................................... 6 1.2 1 1:................ 7 1.3
More information2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n x n n! n=0 (k ) ( ) X n = ( i) n n k n G(k) k=0 F (k) ln G(k) = ln e ikx n κ n F (k) = F (k) (ik) n n= n! κ n κ n = ( i) n n k n
. X {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } X X {, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} X x i P i. 0 P i 2. n P i = 3. P (i ω) = i ω P i P 3 {x, x 2, x 3,... x n } ω P i = 6 X f(x) f(x) X n n f(x i )P i n x n i P i X n 2 G(k) e ikx = (ik) n
More information2011de.dvi
211 ( 4 2 1. 3 1.1............................... 3 1.2 1- -......................... 13 1.3 2-1 -................... 19 1.4 3- -......................... 29 2. 37 2.1................................ 37
More informationM3 x y f(x, y) (= x) (= y) x + y f(x, y) = x + y + *. f(x, y) π y f(x, y) x f(x + x, y) f(x, y) lim x x () f(x,y) x 3 -
M3............................................................................................ 3.3................................................... 3 6........................................... 6..........................................
More information(2 X Poisso P (λ ϕ X (t = E[e itx ] = k= itk λk e k! e λ = (e it λ k e λ = e eitλ e λ = e λ(eit 1. k! k= 6.7 X N(, 1 ϕ X (t = e 1 2 t2 : Cauchy ϕ X (t
6 6.1 6.1 (1 Z ( X = e Z, Y = Im Z ( Z = X + iy, i = 1 (2 Z E[ e Z ] < E[ Im Z ] < Z E[Z] = E[e Z] + ie[im Z] 6.2 Z E[Z] E[ Z ] : E[ Z ] < e Z Z, Im Z Z E[Z] α = E[Z], Z = Z Z 1 {Z } E[Z] = α = α [ α ]
More information( ) sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x sin x, cos x, tan x, arcsin x, arccos x, arctan x. π 2 sin 1 x π 2, 0 cos 1 x π, π 2 < tan 1 x < π 2 1 (1) (
6 20 ( ) sin, cos, tan sin, cos, tan, arcsin, arccos, arctan. π 2 sin π 2, 0 cos π, π 2 < tan < π 2 () ( 2 2 lim 2 ( 2 ) ) 2 = 3 sin (2) lim 5 0 = 2 2 0 0 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 2 5 6 3 5 7 4 5 8 4 9 3 4 a 3 b
More information(Bessel) (Legendre).. (Hankel). (Laplace) V = (x, y, z) n (r, θ, ϕ) r n f n (θ, ϕ). f n (θ, ϕ) n f n (θ, ϕ) z = cos θ z θ ϕ n ν. P ν (z), Q ν (z) (Fou
(Bessel) (Legendre).. (Hankel). (Laplace) V = (x, y, z) n (r, θ, ϕ) r n f n (θ, ϕ). f n (θ, ϕ) n f n (θ, ϕ) z = cos θ z θ ϕ n ν. P ν (z), Q ν (z) (Fourier) (Fourier Bessel).. V ρ(x, y, z) V = 4πGρ G :.
More informationp03.dvi
3 : 1 ( ). (.. ), : 2 (1, 2 ),,, etc... 1, III ( ) ( ). : 3 ,., III. : 4 ,Weierstrass : Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3/e, McGraw-Hil, 1976.. Weierstrass (Stone-Weierstrass, ),,. : 5 2π f
More informationy = f(x) y = f( + h) f(), x = h dy dx f () f (derivtive) (differentition) (velocity) p(t) =(x(t),y(t),z(t)) ( dp dx dt = dt, dy dt, dz ) dt f () > f x
I 5 2 6 3 8 4 Riemnn 9 5 Tylor 8 6 26 7 3 8 34 f(x) x = A = h f( + h) f() h A (differentil coefficient) f f () y = f(x) y = f( + h) f(), x = h dy dx f () f (derivtive) (differentition) (velocity) p(t)
More information30
3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................
More informationz f(z) f(z) x, y, u, v, r, θ r > 0 z = x + iy, f = u + iv C γ D f(z) f(z) D f(z) f(z) z, Rm z, z 1.1 z = x + iy = re iθ = r (cos θ + i sin θ) z = x iy
f f x, y, u, v, r, θ r > = x + iy, f = u + iv C γ D f f D f f, Rm,. = x + iy = re iθ = r cos θ + i sin θ = x iy = re iθ = r cos θ i sin θ x = + = Re, y = = Im i r = = = x + y θ = arg = arctan y x e i =
More information( ) 2.1. C. (1) x 4 dx = 1 5 x5 + C 1 (2) x dx = x 2 dx = x 1 + C = 1 2 x + C xdx (3) = x dx = 3 x C (4) (x + 1) 3 dx = (x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x +
(.. C. ( d 5 5 + C ( d d + C + C d ( d + C ( ( + d ( + + + d + + + + C (5 9 + d + d tan + C cos (sin (6 sin d d log sin + C sin + (7 + + d ( + + + + d log( + + + C ( (8 d 7 6 d + 6 + C ( (9 ( d 6 + 8 d
More informationnewmain.dvi
数論 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. http://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/008142 このサンプルページの内容は, 第 2 版 1 刷発行当時のものです. Daniel DUVERNEY: THÉORIE DES NOMBRES c Dunod, Paris, 1998, This book is published
More information構造と連続体の力学基礎
II 37 Wabash Avenue Bridge, Illinois 州 Winnipeg にある歩道橋 Esplanade Riel 橋6 6 斜張橋である必要は多分無いと思われる すぐ横に道路用桁橋有り しかも塔基部のレストランは 8 年には営業していなかった 9 9. 9.. () 97 [3] [5] k 9. m w(t) f (t) = f (t) + mg k w(t) Newton
More information5.. z = f(x, y) y y = b f x x g(x) f(x, b) g x ( ) A = lim h g(a + h) g(a) h g(x) a A = g (a) = f x (a, b)............................................
5 partial differentiation (total) differentiation 5. z = f(x, y) (a, b) A = lim h f(a + h, b) f(a, b) h........................................................... ( ) f(x, y) (a, b) x A (a, b) x (a, b)
More informationRIMS98R2.dvi
RIMS Kokyuroku, vol.084, (999), 45 59. Euler Fourier Euler Fourier S = ( ) n f(n) = e in f(n) (.) I = 0 e ix f(x) dx (.2) Euler Fourier Fourier Euler Euler Fourier Euler Euler Fourier Fourier [5], [6]
More informationI 1
I 1 1 1.1 1. 3 m = 3 1 7 µm. cm = 1 4 km 3. 1 m = 1 1 5 cm 4. 5 cm 3 = 5 1 15 km 3 5. 1 = 36 6. 1 = 8.64 1 4 7. 1 = 3.15 1 7 1 =3 1 7 1 3 π 1. 1. 1 m + 1 cm = 1.1 m. 1 hr + 64 sec = 1 4 sec 3. 3. 1 5 kg
More informationleb224w.dvi
2 4 i Lebesgue Fourier 7 5 Lebesgue Walter. F. Riesz and B. Sz.-Nagy, Functional Analysis, Dover Publ. Inc., New York (99) ( 49 ) 2. ( 8 ) 3. A.2 Fourier Laplace (957 ) 4. (98 ) 5. G. G. Walter, Wavelets
More information(ii) (iii) z a = z a =2 z a =6 sin z z a dz. cosh z z a dz. e z dz. (, a b > 6.) (z a)(z b) 52.. (a) dz, ( a = /6.), (b) z =6 az (c) z a =2 53. f n (z
B 4 24 7 9 ( ) :,..,,.,. 4 4. f(z): D C: D a C, 2πi C f(z) dz = f(a). z a a C, ( ). (ii), a D, a U a,r D f. f(z) = A n (z a) n, z U a,r, n= A n := 2πi C f(ζ) dζ, n =,,..., (ζ a) n+, C a D. (iii) U a,r
More information