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1 Paenibacillus popilliae Clostridium bifermentans Lysinibacillus sphaericus Brevibacillus laterosporus Bacillus thuringiensis
2 1911 Bacillus thuringiensis Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) 2
3 Bacillus thuringiensis 50 B.cereus β
4 BT Papilio polytes The Common Mormon (Papilio polytes) is found near gardens and villages where Citrus (e.g. lime, lemon, kumquats) is grown.
5 Bacillus thuringiensis cry 16SrRNA
6 6
7 7
8 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Nomenclature: The Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin nomenclature committee was set up in 1993 in order to update the nomenclature originally devised in 1989 by Hofte and Whiteley (Microbiological Reviews 53: ) and consists of the following
9
10 Cry
11
12 R.J.Morse et al.(2001) Cry2Aa Cyt1 J.Li et al.(1994) Cry3Aa J.Li et al. (1995) Cry1Aa P.Grochulski&M.Cygler(1995)
13 K + Ca + Na +
14 Bt Bulla Jr. 14
15
16 cry1 genes Gene Occurrence cry1aa kurstaki, sotto, japonensis, entomocidus cry1ab kurstaki, thuringiensis, darmstadiensis, tolworthi, entomocidus, japonensis, wuhanensis cry1ac kurstaki, kenyae, wuhanensis cry1b thuringiensis, entomocidus cry1c subtoxicus, entomocidus cry1d galleriae, darmstadiensis, toumanoffi, wuhanensis, cry1e kenyae, darmstadiensis, tolworthi cry1la kurstaki cry1ma cry1na
17 / / / / / / / / /
18 Cry 18
19
20 Cry protein Name Original Accession Reference Year Coding Region Cry2Aa1 cryiia M31738 Donovan et al Cry4Aa1 cryiva Y00423 Ward & Ellar Cry4Ba1 cryivb X07423 Chungjatpornchai et al Cry10Aa1 cryivc M12662 Thorne et al Cry11Aa1 cryivd M31737 Donovan et al Cry11Ba1 X86902 Delecluse et al Cry11Bb1 AF Orduz et al Cry16Aa1 cbm71 X94146 Barloy et al Cry17Aa1 cbm72 X99478 Barloy et al Cry19Aa1 Y07603 Rosso & Delecluse Cry19Ba1 D88381 Hwang et al Cry20Aa1 U82518 Lee & Gill Cry24Aa1 U88188 Kawalek and Gill Cry25Aa1 U88189 Kawalek and Gill Cry27Aa1 AB Saitoh Cry29Aa1 AJ Delecluse et al Cry30Aa1 AJ Delecluse et al Cry30Ba1 BAD00052 Ikeya et al Cry39Aa1 BAB72016 Ito et al Cry40Aa1 BAB72018 Ito et al Cry44Aa1 AB Ito et al
21 21
22 cry (A) Cry30Ba1 (BAD00052) Ikeya et al.(2003) entomocidus INA288 (B) Cry44Aa1 (BAD08532) Ikeya et al.(2004) entomocidus INA288 (C) Cry39Aa1 (BAB72016) Ito et al.(2001) (D) Cry40Aa1 (BAB72018) Ito et al.(2001) (E) Cry40Ba1 (BAC77648) Ito et al.(2003) aizawai BUN1-14 aizawai BUN1-14 aizawai BUN
23 24 LC50 µg/ml Cry4A israelesis Cry39A (BUN1-14) Cry44A 0.46( ) 0.09( ) 0.35( ) 2.58( ) 0.32( ) > > ( ) (INA288) 95 23
24 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC 2007 = =
25 (Culex) ( (Plasmodium spp.) (Anopheles spp.)
26 !26 ( )
27
28 B. thuringiensis B. thuringiensis serovar tenebrionis (Krieg et al., 1983) Toxic to the larvae of Colorado potato beetle, (Leptinotarsa decimlineata) B. thuringiensis serovar morrisoni (Donovan et al., 1988) Toxic to the larvae of Colorado potato beetle B. thuringiensis serovar tolworthi (Sick et al., 1989) Toxic to the larvae of Colorado potato beetle B. thuringiensis serovar japonensis strain Buibui (Ohba et al., 1992) Toxic to the larvae of Cupreous chafer (Anomala cuprea) B. thuringiensis serovar galleriae strain SDS-502 (Asano et al., 2003) Toxic to the larvae of Cupreous chafer (Anomala cuprea)
29 Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui B.t.
30 cry cry3aa1 M22472 Herrnstadt et al 1987 Gene cry3aa2 J02978 Sekar et al 1987 PNAS cry3ba1 X17123 Sick et al 1990 NAR cry3ba2 A07234 Peferoen et al 1990 EP cry3bb1 M89794 Donovan et al 1992 AEM cry3bb2 U31633 Donovan et al 1995 USP cry3ca1 X59797 Lambert et al 1992 Gene cry7aa1 M64478 Lambert et al 1992 AEM cry7ab1 U04367 Payne & Fu 1994 USP cry8aa1 U04364 Foncerrada et al 1992 EP cry8ba1 U04365 Michaels et al 1993 WO 93/ cry8ca1 U04366 Ogiwara et al Curr Micro cry8da1 AB Asano et al 2003 Biological Control cry9da1 D85560 Asano et al cry18aa1 X99049 Zhang et al 1997 J. Bacteriol cry43aa2 AB Nozawa et al 2004
31 BT BT
32 BT
33 Cry protein B.t. isolate PS33F2 Cry12Aa1 L07027 Narva et al 1991 B.t. isolate PS63B Cry13Aa1 L07023 Narva et al 1992 B.t. isolate PS52A1 Cry6Aa1 L07022 Narva et al 1993 B.t. isolate PS69D1 Cry6Ba1 L07024 Narva et al 1991 B.t. darmstadiensis PS17 Cry5Aa1 L07025 Narva et al 1994 B.t. darmstadiensis PS17 Cry5Ab1 L07026 Narva et al 1991 Cry5Ac1 I34543 Payne et al 1997 B.t. PS86Q3 Cry5Ba1 U19725 Foncerrada &Narva 1997 B.t. roskildiensis Cry21Ba1 AB Sato & Asano 2002
34 Nematoda Cry12 Cry21 Cry5 Cry13 Diptera Cry14 Cry18 Cry2 Cry11 Cry15 Cry17 cytotoxic Cry16 Cyt1 Cry20 Cry19 Cyt2 Cry22 Cry4 Cry10 Cry6 Cry3 Cry8 Cry9 Cry7 Coleoptera Cry1 Lepidoptera Cry
35 Monsanto Divergence SCN soybean cyst nematode Figure 1. Area of soybean cyst nematode damage in a soybean field. Figure 2. Rows of stunted, chlorotic soybean plants damaged by soybean cyst nematode are slow to fill in with foliage. Figure 4. Yellow soybean cyst nematode cysts on soybean roots. 35
36 The plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita The distantly related animal parasite, Onchocerca volvulus
37
38 Parasporin The parasporin, a functional protein group defined as the Bacillus thuringiensis and related bacterial parasporal proteins that are non-hemolytic but capable of preferentially killing cancer cells. Mizuki et al.(2000) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 7, B. thuringiensis A1190 parasporin 15kDa 56kDa Parasporin-1 Cry31A Cry B protein:cry41a ε Parasporin-2 : Cry46A
39 BT SDS 502 beetlegone!
40 40
41 DuPont Dow Chemical (20%) (1997) Pioneer Hi-Bred <---> Dow AgroSciences (6%) (1995) (1996) (52%) Mycogen _ Agrigenetics (1993) _ United Agriseeds (1996) _ Morgan Seeds (1996) _ Verneuil (19%) (1996) Monsanto _ Dekalb (43%) (1996) _ Ecogen (12%) (1996) _ Calgene (1997) _ Stoneville Pedigreed Seed (cotton) _ Agracetus (1996) _ Asgrow Agronomics (soybean) (1996) _ Holden's Foundation Seeds (corn) (1997) _ AgriPro's wheat seed business (1996) _ Monsoy (soybean) (1996)
42 39 Calgene Zeneca Monsanto EU Dupont AgrEvo DeKalb Monsanto Novartis Ciba Seeds EU Monsanto Monsanto DeKalb 2 Monsanto 2 Asgrow Asgrow Monsanto Novartis Monsanto 3 AgrEvo 7 Plant Genetic Systems;PGS Phone-Poulenc Calgene 2 Calgene Monsanto Monsanto AgrEvo EU Florigene PGS EU 42
43 cry Agrisure 3000GT cry1ab, cry3a ECB,CRW Syngenta + Herculex XTRA cry1f, cry34ab1, cry35ab1 ECB,CRW. AW,BCW Mycogen/Dow Mycogen/Dow + Dupont/Pioneer Yieldgard VT3 cry1ab, cry3bb ECB,CRW Monsanto Genuity VT2P cry1a, cry2ab ECB, AW, EW Monsanto + Mycogen/Dow ECB - European corn borer; ( ) CRW - Corn rootworm; ( ) AW Fall armyworm; ( ) BCW black cutworm; ( ) EW earworm ( ) ECB CRW BCW 43
44 4411
45 BT BT Dual Control 45
46 害虫防除 BT 剤によるデュアルコントロール 病害防除 4618
47 Plant Cell Reports January 2014, Volume 33, Issue 1, pp Transcriptional profile of tomato roots exhibiting Bacillus thuringiensis-induced resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Hideki Takahashi, Kazuhiro Nakaho, Takeaki Ishihara, Sugihiro Ando, Takumi Wada, Yoshinori Kanayama, Shinichiro Asano, Shigenobu Yoshida, Seiya Tsushima, Mitsuro Hyakumachi Key message Activation of SA-dependent signaling pathway and suppression of JA-dependent signaling pathway seem to play key roles in B. thuringiensis -induced resistance to R. solanacearum in tomato plants. 47
48 Pseudomonas 48
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( 別添 2) 組換え DNA 技術により新たに獲得された形質が宿主の代謝系に影響を及ぼすものではないもの に該当するとして安全性審査の手続を経た旨の公表がなされた品種一覧平成 26 年 6 月 27 日現在 対象品種計 80 品種 じゃがいも 8 品種 ニューリーフ ジャガイモ BT-6 系統ニューリーフ ジャガイモ SPBT02-05 系統ニューリーフ プラス ジャガイモ RBMT21-129
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安全性審査の手続を経た旨の公表がなされた遺伝子組換え食品及び添加物一覧 厚生労働省医薬食品局食品安全部平成 2 7 年 1 月 1 5 日現在 1. 食品 (299 品種 ) 対象品種名称性質申請者 / 開発者等 じゃがいも (8 品種 ) ニューリーフ ジャガイモ BT-6 系統 2001.3.30 ニューリーフ ジャガイモ SPBT02-05 系統 2001.3.30 ニューリーフ プラス ジャガイモ
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組換え DNA 技術により新たに獲得された形質が宿主の代謝系に影響を及ぼすものではないもの に該当するとして安全性審査の手続を経た旨の公表がなされた品種一覧平成 30 年 7 月 9 日現在 対象品種計 97 品種 じゃがいも 8 品種 ニューリーフ ジャガイモ BT-6 系統ニューリーフ ジャガイモ SPBT02-05 系統ニューリーフ プラス ジャガイモ RBMT21-129 系統ニューリーフ
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昆虫病原細菌を含む細菌群と属名 内生胞子産生桿菌および球菌 グラム陽性球菌 Bacillaceae ( バシラス科 ) Streptococcaceae( ストレプトコッカス科 ) Bacillus Paenibacillus Clostridium Melissococcus Enterococcus リケッチア グラム陰性通性嫌気性桿菌 Anaplasmataceae( アナプラズマ科 ) Enterobacteriaceae
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