Historical tsunamis in Tohoku for 400 years and the 2011 Tohoku Eq. 40m in slip Stress accumulating releasing 400 years T.Hatori,Distributions of Seismic Intensity and Tsunami of the 1793 Miyagi Oki Earthquake, Northeastern Japan, Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 62, 297-309 (1987). 1
Seismic Super-cycle of 600 years Much more knowing risk needed Regular cycles of Miyagi earthquake M=7.5, 40 years Plate moving rate Releasing stress energy Scientific Limitation Past scientific data is available for 400 years only 869 Jogan? 600 years 40years 1611 Keicho? 2011Tohoku M=9.0
Tsunami Countermeasures Structures; sea wall, break water, dike, controlling forest, started in 1930 s and 1960 after Chilean tsunami Non-structures; Tsunami warning, Evacuation building, Education and awareness, monuments Sea wall protecting the fishery harbor Education increasing awareness for Disaster mitigation JMA Earthq.&Tsunami monitoring &Tsunami Forecasting system to provide information 3
Tsunamis over the safety level (structural measure) [Basic concept of sea wall design height ] Height is decided by the higher of either storm surge or tsunami in the past. Levee design height is decided by tsunami Levee design height is decided by storm surge Current sea wall height Sea wall design height Tsunami trace height (Plotted tsunami trace heights were selected close to the coast excluding the runup) 東北地方太平洋沖地震津波合同調査グループの速報値 (As of May 3)(http://www.coastal.jp/ttjt/) 25 20 15 Level of tsunami inundation along the coast 10 5 0 m(t.p.) 種市海岸 ( 平内 ) 種市海岸 ( 種市 ) 種市海岸 ( 玉川 ) 野田海岸 ( 広内 ) 野田海岸 ( 野田 ) 野田海岸 ( 米田 ) 普代海岸 ( 宇留部 ) 普代海岸 ( 太田名部 ) 田野畑海岸 ( 明戸 ) 田野畑海岸 ( 嶋之越 ) 岩泉海岸 ( 小本 ) 宮古海岸 ( 摂待 ) 宮古海岸 ( 田老 ) 宮古海岸 ( 神林 ) 宮古海岸 ( 高浜 ) 宮古海岸 ( 金浜 ) 宮古海岸 ( 赤前 ) 宮古海岸 ( 里 ) 山田海岸 ( 船越南 ) 釜石海岸 ( 片岸 ) 釜石海岸 ( 水海 ) 釜石海岸 ( 小白浜 ) 大船渡海岸 ( 越喜来 ) 大船渡海岸 ( 下甫嶺 ) 唐桑海岸 ( 田の浜 ) 陸前高田海岸 ( 大野 ) 陸前高田海岸 ( 石浜 ) 陸前高田海岸 ( 勝木田 ) 陸前高田海岸 ( 高田 ) 唐桑海岸 ( 荒谷前 ) 唐桑海岸 ( 稲村浜 ) 唐桑海岸 ( 後馬場 ) 唐桑海岸 ( 高石浜 ) 気仙沼海岸 ( 台の沢 ) 気仙沼海岸 ( 最知 ) 気仙沼海岸 ( 杉の下 ) 本吉海岸 ( 大谷沼尻 ) 本吉海岸 ( 大谷 ) 志津川海岸 ( 戸倉 ) 志津川海岸 ( 水戸辺 ) 志津川海岸 ( 波伝谷 ) 北上海岸 ( 白浜 ) 北上海岸 ( 長塩谷 立神 ) 河北海岸 ( 横須賀 ) 牡鹿海岸 ( 大谷川 ) 牡鹿海岸 ( 谷川 ) 牡鹿海岸 ( 大原 ) 牡鹿海岸 ( 清水田 ) 石巻海岸 ( 長浜 ) 矢本海岸 ( 大曲 ) 鳴瀬海岸 ( 浜市 ) 鳴瀬海岸 ( 州崎 ) 鳴瀬海岸 ( 東名 ) 鳴瀬海岸 ( 長浜 ) 鳴瀬海岸 ( 長石 ) 松島海岸 ( 小白浜 ) 松島海岸 ( 銭神 ) 七ヶ浜海岸 ( 花淵浜 ) 七ヶ浜海岸 ( 菖蒲田 ) 七ヶ浜海岸 ( 松ケ浜 ) 仙台海岸 ( 深沼 ) 名取海岸 ( 閖上 北釜 ) 岩沼海岸 ( 相の釜納屋 ) 山元海岸 ( 山元 ) 新地海岸 ( 木崎 ) 相馬海岸 ( 大浜 ) 相馬海岸 ( 古磯部 ) 鹿島海岸 ( 南海老 ) 原町海岸 ( 北泉大磯 ) 原町海岸 ( 小浜 ) 小高海岸 ( 塚原 ) 小高海岸 ( 角部内 ) 浪江海岸 ( 請戸中浜 ) 浪江海岸 ( 浪江中浜 ) 双葉海岸 ( 双葉中浜 ) 双葉海岸 ( 細谷 ) 大熊海岸 ( 夫沢 ) 富岡海岸 ( 毛萱仏浜 ) 楢葉海岸 ( 波倉 ) 楢葉海岸 ( 前原 ) 広野海岸 ( 折木 ) 久之浜海岸 ( 久之浜 ) 四倉海岸 ( 仁井田 ) 平海岸 ( 草野下神谷 ) 平海岸 ( 夏井 ) 平海岸 ( 沼ノ内 ) 平海岸 ( 豊間 ) 磐城海岸 ( 永崎 ) 磐城海岸 ( 神白 ) 磐城海岸 ( 剣浜 ) 4 勿来海岸 ( 岩間左糠 ) 勿来海岸 ( 錦町 ( 須賀地先 )) 勿来海岸 ( 関田 ) Level of sea wall
Elements of building resilience are: Systematic assessment and monitoring of disaster risks, continued research to improve understanding of the underlying causes, and awareness of those risks by the public and all levels of governments. Establishment of a culture and incentives that lead to the acceptance of responsibility by communities, including private sector and civil organizations, for planning and cooperation in preparation, response, and recovery. Long-term planning, investment, and enforcement of mitigating or preventive measures, such as land-use and other zoning and building codes. International cooperation in advanced planning and rapid response, as well as research on the evaluation, mitigation and communication of risk factors. Science Council of Japan (2012) proposed
Global environmental change Extreme Weather Sea level Rise Increase in disaster risk by amplified water and sediment hazards Establishment of high-resilience society 適応 回復可能な社会 Public investment Physical/ social Infrastructures 物的 人的社会基盤 Adaptive Capacity 災害への適応力 Preparedness, business continuity management, long-term recovery Resistance, disaster prevention, safe land use Risk awareness/ Assessment 災害認知社会 Disaster Science Education Self, Mutual, Public helps Disaster culture Implementing Science
Establishment of International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS) in Tohoku University Our institute's missions are 1) Restructuring of disaster prevention and reduction technologies based on reality of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and tsunami disaster, 2) construction of Disaster area supportology in the event of a disaster, 3) advancement of anti-hazard performance and upgrading for multiple-fail-safe in urban areas as disaster recovery projects, 4) mechanism research on mega earthquake and tsunami phenomena and development of next-generation early detection technology of earthquake tsunami occurrence, 5) establishment of disaster medicine and medical service system of responding appropriately to wide area massive disaster, and 6) regenerating region and urban and creation of disaster digital archive pass down to the next generation. IRIDeS will take the leading role for causing paradigm shift on catastrophic disaster measures and responses by accomplishing 6 missions. Human and Social Response Region and Urban Renewal Disaster Risk Natural Disaster Science Division of Intelligence Management and Public Collaboration Disaster Medicine Research institute in Japan and overseas Privates companies Affected local governments 7
Past Protections in Multi-layers, Damage by the 2011 and Plan for Tsunami Resilient city in Sendai Canal The 2011 Tsunami inundated in Sendai (Kyodo, 2011) Less damage and late arrival by green Before 2011, Sendai coast constructed by Mr.Date, Samura in 1601 Green belt Rice field Canal Sandy beach Only two temples were damaged among 100 with 1,000 years history in the affected area Cyranoski (Nature, Vol.483, 2011) 8