JGSS 2000-2010 JGSS Changes in Attitudes toward Marriage in Japan: Analyses Using the JGSS Cumulative Data 2000-2010 Sayaka K. SHINOHARA JGSS Research Center Osaka University of Commerce Using the Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS) Cumulative Data 2000-2010, this paper examined changes in attitudes toward marriage among Japanese individuals in the last decade. How patterns of changes in attitudes toward marriage differed by individuals characteristics, such as gender, birth cohort, and marital status were examined. Moreover, this paper investigated factors associated with attitudes toward marriage. Specifically, I examined (1) whether and how factors associated with attitudes toward marriage differed for men and women, and (2) whether and how factors related to attitudes toward marriage differed in 2000 and 2010 among men and women. This research found that, for both men and women, proportions of disagreement with the idea that men/women s happiness lies in marriage increased between 2000 and 2010. Results from regression analyses demonstrate that more recent birth cohorts and higher education were positively related to disagreement with the idea of happiness lies in marriage. Additionally, for both men and women, factors associated with attitudes toward marriage did not change dramatically between 2000 and 2010. Key Words: JGSS, attitudes, marriage Japanese General Social Surveys: JGSS 2000-2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 JGSS 81
1. 1.1 1 60 1965 1970 1970, 2011 2010 31 29 Raymo & Iwasawa, 2008; Raymo & Ono, 2007, 2010 1975 2005 2.12 15.96 4.32 7.25, 2011 1970 2.1 2005 1.26, 2011 2008 2009 1.37 2010 1.39, 2011 2 40 25 Council of Europe, 2003; Rindfuss et al., 2004; Ventura 2009 14 15 19 2010 1.96 1940 2, 2011 Tsuya & Bumpass, 2004 Brewster & Rindfuss, 2000 Raymo, 1998, 2003; Retherford et al., 2001 Becker, 1981 Cherlin, 2004 2010, p.110 JGSS 2000-2010 2000 2010 82
31 30.5 30 29 28.4 28.8 28.8 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 25.9 23.0 26.9 24.2 25.9 27.0 男性 女性 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 1980 1975 1970 1965 1960 1955 1950 1, 2010 2000 2010, 2006 Brewster & Rindfuss, 2000 2 3 4 2. 2.1 Japanese General Social Surveys: JGSS 2000 2010 JGSS 2000-2010 JGSS 20-89 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2010 8 2012 1 27,799 21,357 9,867 11,490 2.2 2 2000 2000 2008 A 2010 A B 1= 2= 3= 4= 4 83
(r = 0.730) JGSS 2000-2010 2 4 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 賛成どちらかといえば賛成どちらかといえば反対反対 0% 男性 (n=9,867) 女性 (n=11,490) 2 2.3 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2008 2010 2000 2000 2010 1911-1935 1936-1950 1951-1965 1966-1980 1911-1935 10 2000 2010 4 6 15 1 84
1 N=27,799 % % 45.9% 20.0% 2000 年 (ref.) 10.4% (ref.) 62.2% 2001 年 10.0% 17.8% 2002 年 10.6% 2003 年 13.2% 13.2% 2005 年 7.3% 28.2% 2006 年 15.3% (ref.) 20.9% 2008 年 15.2% 15.1% 2010 年 18.0% 10.5% 12.1% 1911-1935 年 (ref.) 18.7% 78.6% 1936-1950 年 30.8% 15 1951-1965 年 25.1% (ref.) 11.4% 1966-1980 年 25.4% 16.2% 37.4% (ref.) 73.1% 30.8% 14.8% 2.9% 12.1% 1.7% 15 20.9% (ref.) 46.9% (ref.) 46.5% 0.6% 32.5% 43.0% 1.5% (ref.) 34.6% 8.0% 15.4% 1.8% 11.3% 38.6% 12.3% (ref.) 44.6% 43.1% 2.4 1951-1965 1966-1980 Ordinary Least Squares Regression JGSS 2000-2010 85
2000 2010 3. 3.1 2000 2010 3 2000 2010 14 17 2000 30 40 2001 2002 2010 2000 2001 2002 2001 2002 2006 JGSS 2002 2005 2006 2010 2010 2008 2006 2005 2003 2002 2001 2000 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 3 4 2010 1966-1980 65 1951-1965 60 1936-1950 35 1911-1935 20 2000 2001 1911-1935 1951-1965 86
80.0% 80.0% 70.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0%.0% 60.0% 出生コーホート 50.0% 1966-80 40.0% 1951-65 30.0% 1936-50 20.0% 1911-35 10.0%.0% 出生コーホート 1966-80 1951-65 1936-50 1911-35 4 1966-1980 5 2006 2008 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0%.0% 2003 2002 2001 2000 2006 2005 2008 2010 既婚者 未婚者 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0%.0% 2003 2002 2001 2000 2006 2005 2008 2010 既婚者 未婚者 5 3.2 1 2 2000 2010 JGSS 2000-2010 2 2001 2005 2000 2000 2006 3 1911-1935 87
1911-1935 1951-1965 1966-1980 15 2000 2012 1 2010 3 2000 2010 2000 2010 1966-1980 2000 2010 2000 2010 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 88
2 JGSS 2000-2010 男性 (n=9,207) 女性 (n=10,746) b SE b SE 2001 年 0.010 0.033-0.018 0.032 2002 年 0.207 *** 0.033 0.147 *** 0.032 2003 年 0.237 *** 0.037 0.111 ** 0.035 2005 年 0.187 *** 0.037 0.025 0.035 2006 年 0.318 *** 0.035 0.247 *** 0.035 2008 年 0.257 *** 0.036 0.171 *** 0.035 2010 年 0.201 *** 0.030 0.136 *** 0.028 1936-1950 年 0.311 *** 0.028 0.388 *** 0.027 1951-1965 年 0.600 *** 0.034 0.660 *** 0.032 1966-1980 年 0.673 *** 0.038 0.679 *** 0.034 0.101 * 0.040 0.047 0.041 0.081 * 0.037 0.084 *** 0.024-0.116 *** 0.024-0.133 *** 0.024 0.119 *** 0.020 0.153 *** 0.021 0.028 0.036-0.015 0.026-0.074 ** 0.027-0.069 * 0.034-0.081 ** 0.026-0.132 *** 0.024 0.044 0.028-0.014 0.027 0.026 0.019 0.045 ** 0.018 0.064 ** 0.023 0.030 0.021-0.004 0.023-0.023 0.022 0.025 * 0.030 0.089 ** 0.029 0.052 0.025 0.056 * 0.024 0.010 * 0.029 0.021 0.028-0.062 *** 0.032 0.004 0.031-0.042 *** 0.031-0.007 0.029-0.070 * 0.034-0.062 0.034 0.027 0.034-0.026 0.031-0.109 ** 0.034-0.091 ** 0.032-0.057 0.032-0.047 0.030-0.011 0.056-0.095 0.056 0.029 0.072-0.060 0.077 0.170 0.123 0.069 0.102-0.029 0.023-0.010 0.023-0.061 0.072-0.020 0.065-0.070 * 0.034 0.022 0.033 0.023 0.065-0.007 0.066 Adjusted R 2 0.192 0.168 Note: p <.10, *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001 89
3 2000 2010 2000 (n=1,206) 2010 (n=2,127) 2000 (n=1,445) 2010 (n=2,504) b SE b SE b SE b SE 1936-1950 年 0.363 *** 0.071 0.307 *** 0.063 0.310 *** 0.069 0.394 *** 0.065 1951-1965 年 0.586 *** 0.086 0.699 *** 0.077 0.587 *** 0.080 0.662 *** 0.076 1966-1980 年 0.767 *** 0.102 0.730 *** 0.082 0.445 *** 0.098 0.730 *** 0.078 ref. 0.169 0.106 0.026 0.083 0.213 0.117-0.094 0.082-0.132 0.097 0.171 * 0.073 0.116 0.065 0.113 * 0.052 ref -0.019 0.060-0.073 0.056-0.206 *** 0.060-0.069 0.056 0.218 *** 0.055 0.168 *** 0.041 0.203 *** 0.058 0.234 *** 0.041 ref. -0.068 0.101 0.058 0.072 0.055 0.068-0.086 0.052 0.009 0.068-0.075 0.061-0.035 0.084-0.158 * 0.075-0.066 0.071-0.023 0.055-0.121 0.065-0.221 *** 0.051 ref. -0.034 0.079 0.127 * 0.057-0.027 0.053-0.033 0.055 0.048 0.048 0.065 0.040 0.031 0.048 0.043 0.038 ref. 0.082 0.062-0.016 0.045 0.020 0.060 0.008 0.042 0.020 0.054-0.005 0.059-0.021 0.053-0.013 0.056 ref -0.099 0.076 0.112 0.062 0.016 0.077 0.032 0.062 0.031 0.067 0.094 0.052 0.033 0.066 0.081 0.050-0.013 0.074 0.047 0.061 0.032 0.075 0.025 0.059 0.008 0.084 0.001 0.070 0.059 0.080-0.061 0.066-0.110 0.084 0.020 0.066-0.023 0.081 0.056 0.061 0.041 0.094-0.149 * 0.072 0.094 0.095-0.150 * 0.070 ref. 0.116 0.092 0.052 0.066 0.033 0.090-0.017 0.062-0.054 0.089-0.114 0.070 0.010 0.089-0.144 * 0.067-0.077 0.082-0.059 0.063-0.045 0.085-0.088 0.060 0.001 0.140-0.035 0.130-0.146 0.131-0.148 0.124 0.260 0.227 0.037 0.138-0.104 0.220-0.061 0.167 ref. -0.211 0.294-0.274 0.295 0.131 0.266 0.241 0.217-0.135 * 0.062-0.039 0.050-0.111 0.060 0.071 0.049-0.123 0.246-0.185 0.141 0.112 0.163-0.028 0.138 0.011 0.090-0.147 * 0.076 0.037 0.084 0.016 0.071 0.052 0.171-0.161 0.195 0.174 0.160-0.210 0.204 Adjusted R 2 Note: p <.10, *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001 0.211 0.169 0.158 0.148 4. JGSS 2000-2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2010 1911-1935, 2010 90
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