Onozawa Jun 1 GNI 1 2013 1 60 1 2 middle-income trap1 ADB 14 3 1996 1998 2003 5 10 2004 198010 9% 2000 4 5% ADB 4 2010NEM: New Economic Model 5 2015 6 6 2020 2020 2020 2000 No. 633 2014 7 8 16
1 2013 1 GNI 1 1 7 1969 5 13 1990 GDP 1988 2000 33% 1987 2000 85% 21988 1992 1988 3K 1990 1988 199710 9% 3 NIES 1991 2020 2020 1991 12,000 1 1 1990 2013 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 BNM, Annual Report 1900 96 GDPIMF, World Database. No. 633 2014 7 8 17
% 90 80 70 2 1980 2013 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1980 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 LNG BNM, Monthly Statistical Bulltin 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 3 GDP 1990 2013 10 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 EPU, Malaysian Economy in Figure, 2013 Edition. 302020 1997/98 V 2000 2020 2 2000 34% 8 2001 05 4.7% 92006 10 4.2% 8 1991 97 9.2% 11.5%2 2001 094.3% 9 No. 633 2014 7 8 18
GDP 10 1 GDP 1990 45% 10 23% 4GDP 2000 10 3 1 10% 2000 2 2000 1990 NEM 11 TFP TFP1980Third factor R&D 45 4 1990 2013 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 EPU, Malaysian Economy in Figure, 2013 Edition. No. 633 2014 7 8 19
1 1987 97 5.5 2.9 3.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 TFP 1.7 1.6 % 1998 2007 NEAC, New Economic Model for Malaysia part 1, 2010, p. 52. NEM 12 3 2013 BNM 1330 high-skill workers 26% 63% 13% 13 51% 36% 14 2013 1334 247 35% 26% 20% 15 900 RM 2013 4 16 GLC: Government-Linked Companies 17 2 2008 2013 2009 4 2020 5 One Malasyia 27 30% No. 633 2014 7 8 20
2010 NEAC: The National Economic Advisory 2020 10 1 1 5000 NEM NEM 8 2 2010 1 GTP: Government Transformation Programme 2020 6 NKRA 2 2011ETP: Economic Tranformation Programme 2 12 NKEA: National Key Economic Areas 2014 5 ETP 3 2011 13 ETP 196 2193 RM 43.8 18 2 2 NKEA 1. 2. 3. IT 4. 5. 6. 16% 7. MSC 8. 15 9. 10. 100 11. R&D 12. MRT Malaysia Government, Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011 2015, 2010. No. 633 2014 7 8 21
MRT 2013 2014 16.2% 6 7% 2010 515% 2 ETP4 GDP 2010 12.8% 2013 16.9% 3 1GNI 1 2010ETP 1 GNI 2020 1 5000 ADB2012 1 3% 19 4 1 2000 GDP 2000 57% 2013 65% 45% 52% 20 GDP 1 1 NEM 2020 6% 2 2000 20137 21 2013 GDP 58% No. 633 2014 7 8 22
25% 48% 27% 53% 29% 22 ETP 2 20 2000 MRT 1962 23 3 2005 RM 5 1 GDP 1 24 6 33 1 ASEAN 2 3 3 7 GLCMaybank ASEAN CIMB 50 25 2011 3 26 Sime Dirby FELDA GLC2015 ASEAN No. 633 2014 7 8 23
RM 600 500 400 5 2005 2013 300 200 100 0 2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Bank Negara Malaysia, BNM Annual Report 2010, 2013 3 2012 RM % % 1. 1,311 35.6 1. 2,094 56.9 2. 502 13.6 1,127 30.6 3. 483 13.1 366 9.9 4. 412 11.2 98 2.7 5. 320 8.7 2. 1,025 27.8 6. 271 7.4 3. 309 8.4 7. 231 6.3 4. 200 5.4 8. 150 4.1 5. 55 1.5 3,682 100 3,682 100 ITI Bank Negara Malaysia, Monthly Statistical Bulletin, Jan. 2014. AEC 4 1.3% 2040 20143000 3 2009 12 6 2500RM 2500 6000RM 2009 38% 2012 43% 6000RM 1 RM59% No. 633 2014 7 8 24
% 50 6 2009 2012 2009 2012 40 30 20 10 0 6 2 2008 11 27 2007 2000 5000RM52% 29% 5000 1 RM 51% 4 RM 2,500 2,500 6,000 6,000 1 1 EPU, Perangkaan Pendapatandan Kemiskinan Isi Rumah Sepintas Lalu, 2009 2012 http://www.epu.gov.my/documents/10124/ca0e7070-cdb9-4ebd-a798-27c2a87fb420 2010 GTP ETP GDP 2000 33.4% 2013 24.5% 85.2% 76.4% 9 61.7% 36.7% 2000 28.8%2010 17.3% 28 No. 633 2014 7 8 25
2013 29 2 30 3 NEP 197040 19851997 2008 100% 40 31 2020 1 NEM 40% 7 230% GLC1990 GLC GLC 2 GLC Maybank CEO GLC GLC 37% 32 GLC GLC GLC No. 633 2014 7 8 26
1988 97 1998 2009 2010 20 3 6% 2018 20201 1 5000 2020 32 Assets 2011 33 1 Bank Negara Malaysia BNM, Bank Negara Malaysia Annual Report 2013, 2014. 2 1 GNI 1035 1036 40854086 1 2615 1 2616 4 2012 3 Jesus Felipe, Tracking the Middle-Income Trap: What is It, Who is in It, and Why? Part 1, ADB Economics Working Paper Series, No. 306, March 2012, p. 18. 4 Indermit Gill and Homi Kharas, An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for Economic Growth, World Bank, 2007 Asian Development Bank, Asia 2050: Realizing the Asian Century, 2011. 5 The National Economic Advisory Council NEAC, New Economic Model for Malaysia Part 1, 2010, p. 3. 6 2014 5 1 New Straits Times, May 2, 2014. 7 2013 55% 13% 24% 7%1% EPU: Economic Planning Unit, The Malaysian Economy in Figures 2013, 2013 67% 1 2012 8 The Malaysia Government, Tenth Malaysia Plan 2011 2015, 2010, p. 37. No. 633 2014 7 8 27
9 Ibid., p. 4 10 10 81 2010 11 NEAC, op. cit., p. 52. 12 Ibid., p. 61. 13 BNM, op. cit., p. 18. 14 Tenth Malaysia Plan, op. cit., p. 192. 15 BNM, op. cit., p. 18. 16 The World Bank, Malaysia Economic Monitor: Brain Drain, April 2011. 17 ASEAN 2013 12 18 PEMANDU: Performance Management & Delivery Unit, Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Economic Transformation Programme, Annual Report 2013, May 2014. 19 Felipe, op. cit., p. 23 20 BNM, op. cit., p. 17. 21 BNM, op. cit., p. 19. 22 The Malayian Economy in Figures 2013, op. cit. 23 No. 2 2010 10 24 RIM RIM 14 53 2014 25 IDE- JETRO 2014 4 262013 3 29 http://www.africa-news.jp/news_ngcmlbspr.html 27 7 29 31 28 BNM, Monthly Statistical Bulletin 29 2014 5 15 30 31 2014 9 14 UMNO 32 25 33 222011 3 ITI jun.onozawa@muse.ocn.ne.jp No. 633 2014 7 8 28