: - : - Wilson Wilson : ibid.: Wilson The Truly Disadvantaged Wilson

Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson William J. Wilson, The Truly Disadvantaged Wilson Wilson

: - : - Wilson Wilson : ibid.: Wilson The Truly Disadvantaged Wilson

ibid.: ibid.: ibid.: ibid.: Oscar Lewis ibid.: ibid.: - ibid.: Wilson

Wilson Wilson ibid.: Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson

Wilson Wilson The Declining Signifi cance of Race The Truly Disadvantaged A Wilson : B Wilson : -

C Wilson : D Wilson : A B Wilson Wilson G. W. Allport The Nature of Prejudice Allport : - Wilson The Declining Signifi cance of Race Wilson : Wilson ibid.:

ibid.: Wilson Wilson : Wilson jobless ghettos ibid.: Wilson The Declining Signifi cance of Race The Truly Disadvantaged Wilson Wilson Wilson

Wilson : ibid.: - ibid.: Wilson Wilson Lewis ibid.: ibid.: When Work Disappears Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Albert Bandura

self-efficacy Bandura Wilson : Wilson ibid.: Wilson lower collective efficacy ibid.: ibid.: - Wilson

ibid.: Wilson The Declining Signifi cance of Race Wilson Wilson : The Truly Disadvantaged Wilson : ibid.: ibid.: Wilson ibid.: Wilson ibid.:

When Work Disappears The Bridge Over The Racial Divide Industrial Areas Foundation IAF Wilson Communities Organized for Public Service COPS COPS Wilson : - COPS COPS COPS COPS COPS COPS COPS ibid.: COPS COPS ibid.: COPS Wilson ibid.: -

Wilson Power, Racism and Privilege Wilson Wilson Wilson : - Wilson ibid.: Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson

Wilson Wilson Wilson Shelby Steele Steele Steele = : - Steele ibid.: ibid.: ibid.: Wilson Steele

Allport, Gordon, W : The Nature of Prejudice ; Boston : The Beacon Press. Steele, Shelby : The Content of Our Character : A New Vision of Race in America ; New York : St. Martin s Press. Wilson, William, J : Power, Racism, and Privilege : Race Relations in Theoretical and Sociohistorical Perspectives ; New York : The Free Press.. : The Declining Significance of Race : Blacks and Changing American Institutions, nd ed. ; Chicago : The University of Chicago Press.. : The Truly Disadvantaged : The Inner City, The Underclass, and Public Policy ; Chicago : The University of Chicago Press.,. : When Work Disappears : The World of The New Urban Poor ; New York : Alfred A. Knoph.,. : The Bridge Over The Racial Divide : Rising Inequality and Coalition Politics ; Los Angels : University of California Press.

In his first book Power, Racism, and Privilege published in, Wilson argued that racial antagonisms are products of situations economic situations, political situations, and social situations and that influences of racial discrimination on blacks life-chances have been declining since the late s. He continued to analyze the social dislocations among the ghetto underclass, for example, crime, teenage pregnancies, out-of-wedlock births, female-headed families, and welfare dependency. His studies led him to a unique standpoint. This standpoint was different from those of the liberals and conservatives. Seen from Wilson s standpoint, the inner-city black poor were not victims of racial discrimination; the black poverty was a consequence of structural changes in the U. S. economy since the early s; the black poor in the urban ghettos could not believe in their ability to take the steps necessary to combat the poverty because the high levels of joblessness of today s inner-city neighborhoods lowered their perceived selfefficacy. : racism, loss of self-efficacy, basic economic changes, jobless ghettos, multiracial political coalition