, 49 (3), 293 303, 2011. PECS 1 PECS PECS PECS 1 PECS. Picture Exchange Communication System: PECS Bondy & Frost, 2001 PECS 6, 2004 PECS Yokoyama, Naoi, & Yamamoto, 2006 Schwartz, Gar fi nkle, & Bauer, 1998 Kravits, Kamps, Kemmerer, & Potucek, 2002 Charlop-Christy, Carpenter, Le, Leblanc, & Kellet, 2002Bondy & Frost, 2001; Gunz & Simpson, 2004 4, 2004;, 2008, 2008, 2007 PECS, 2009 Schwartz et al., 1998 Stoner, Beck, Jonesbock, Hickey, Kosuwan, & Thompson, 2006 293
2004 Marckel, Neef, and Ferreri 2006 PECS PECS 1 PECS. 1. 3 1 A 3 2 9 0 B 1 1 9 0 MA 2 8 IQ 30 PECS 2. X 6 9 2 X 1 1 9 9 3 1 X 6 X 1 1 1 20 1 MT A 1 Pr A 2 X 9 X 1 1 A 1 PECS 3 X 10 X 1 1 A PECS 3. A 50 mm 55 mm PECS B5 Fig. 1 1 A 2 A 9 1 294
PECS 3 A 24 A 4. 1 A 2 PECS 2 Frost & Bondy, 2002MT MT Pr 2 Fig. 1 PECS 80 1 1 3 10 1 1 2 1 MT A 1 A MT 2 MT PECS MT PECS 3 1 m 1 m 1 3 PECS 2 1 4 PECS 5 2 A 2 2 A 2 MT 295
6 90 4 1512 PECS 1 PECS A 2 PECS 3 PECS 4 3 3 4 A 5 5 1 1 10 1 PECS A 1 2 A PECS A PECS 3 4 PECS PECS A 3 1 A 5 58 A 6 7 5. 1 10 1 PECS 5 15 1 1 296
PECS 100 2 100 3 MT 100 2 PECS PECS 1 1 1 100 2 3 3 3 3 3 100 6. 20 1 1 100 90. 1. Fig. 2 1 20 5 100 2 18 Fig. 2 297
2 2 2 30 60 10 0 80 50 90 80 2. Fig. 3 7.8 23 PECS 0 24 54.5 35 100 9.7 40 1 25 47 100 50 80 80 3. 3 Fig. 4 17 21 23 A 27.1 82.4 56.3 15 16 5 80 21 22 50.2 24 PECS 70.5 3 1 1.6 27 100 3 25 28 47.9 50 39.3 35.7 PECS Table 1 3 Fig. 3 298
PECS Table 1 2 2 2 Fig. 4 3 299
. 1 PECS PECS 1. PECS PECS PECS PECS Ziomek and Rehfeldt 2008 MT PECS PECS PECS Charlop-Christy et al. 2002 PECS PECS 2. PECS 1 1 MT 2 3 PECS 300
PECS 3. PECS Bondy, A. & Frost, L. 2001 The Picture Exchange Communication System. Behavior Modif ication, 25, 725 744. Charlop-Christy, M. H., Carpenter, M., Le, L., Leblanc, L. A., & Kellet, K. 2002 Using the Picture Exchange Communication System PECS with children with autism: Assessment of PECS acquisition, speech, socialcommunicative behavior, and problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 213 231. Frost, L. & Bondy, A. 2002 The Picture Exchange Communication System: Training manual 2nd ed.. Pyramid Educational Products, Newark, Delaware. 2008 2.. 2009 AAC PECS., 47, 173 182. 2007 PECS., 58, 339 348. Gunz, J. B. & Simpson, R. L. 2004 E f fect on communicative requesting and speech development of the Picture Exchange Communication System in children with characteristics of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34, 395 409. 2008 PECS., 32, 195 206. 2004 PECS., 19, 161 174. Kravits, T. R., Kamps, D. M., Kemmerer, K., & Potucek, J. 2002 Brief report: Increasing communication skills for an elementary-aged student with autism using the Picture Exchange Communication System. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 225 230. 2008 PECS., 32, 159 171. Marckel, J. M., Neef, N. A., & Ferreri, S. J. 2006 A preliminary analysis of teaching improvisation with the Picture Exchange Communication System to children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39, 105 115. Schwartz, I., Gar fi nkle, A. N., & Bauer, J. 1998 The 301
Picture Exchange Communication System: Communicative outcomes for young children with disabilities. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 18, 144 159. Stoner, J. B., Beck, A. R., Jonesbock, S., Hickey, K., Kosuwan, K., & Thompson, J. R. 2006 The e f fective- ness of the Picture Exchange Communication System with nonspeaking adults. Remedial and Special Education, 27, 154 165. Yokoyama, K., Naoi, N., & Yamamoto, J. 2006 Teaching verbal behavior using the Picture Exchange Commu- nication System PECS with children with autistic spectrum disorders. Japanese Journal of Special Education, 43, 485 503. Ziomek, M. M. & Rehfeldt, R. A. 2008 Investigating the acquisition, generalization, and emergence of untrained verbal operants for mands acquired using the Picture Exchange Communication System in adults with severe developmental disabilities. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 24, 15 30. 2010.8.19, 2011.4.23 302
Jpn. J. Spec. Educ., 49 (3), 293 303, 2011. Practical Research Using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to Teach a Child With Autism Enhanced Sentence Structure Rei ITO, Hiroyuki MATSUSHITA, and Shigeki SONOYAMA Graduate Course of Disability Sciences, University of Tsukuba (Tsukuba-Shi, 305 8572) The present study used the picture cards of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to enhance the structure of sentences of a boy (9 years 2 months old at the start of the study) with autism and limited functional communicative behavior and speech. Generalization of the boy s functional communication skills using the PECS cards was examined in his home. The results indicated that he was able to use the PECS cards to communicate in several home settings. For example, an increase was observed in requests using modi fi ers or objects. Preparing picture cards based on an ecological assessment increased opportunities for independent decision-making in the home. When more than one picture card was used, an increase was observed in the number of opportunities and larger variety of requests compared to requests made when the child was using only one picture card. Limitations of the study include the consequences of di f ferences in grammar between English (the original language of PECS) and Japanese, and procedural shortcomings when sentence structure was taught and generalization of the acquired skills evaluated across settings. Future research with PECS should include more abstract content. Furthermore, speci fi c directions are needed after PECS Phase V. Key Words: Picture Exchange Communication Systems (PECS), sentence structure, child with autism 303