--

2--

4-- HP 3 2004 HP

6-- 5

8-- 7 / / ( / )

10-- 77 30 39 14 2 3 3 77 14 9 2514 N 25 % 79 80 85 53 11 %DS 83 85 97 65 12 MJ/kg-wet 1.57 1.48 2.53 0.68 N=1 :40% 10.4MJ/kg-wet 2613

12-- 12 120% 10 100% ( ) 8 6 4 2 12.8km 8.0km % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 36-39 39-42 42-45 45-48 48-51 51-54 (km) 18km84% 0% 11 12 23 () 10 8 6 4 2 0 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 2006 2010 2011 20012005

14-- 30 6 4 3 13 7 17 10 4 13 (t/day) (t/day) 891 165.8 381.0 176 136.6 226.5 53 184.4 174.1 35 172.8 97.4 11 221.5 283.3

7 120% ( ) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 16--12-15 (%) 100% 8.35%7.35% 8.367.7% 15-18 % 18-21 21-24 24-27 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 15 21 17 12 2 5 1 1 11 2 1 1 2

18- - 17 20 4 14 2 19 3 1 15 16 1 14 1 SOxNO

20- - 33 23 22 16 10 8 3 1 1 1 3 9 2 1 19 18 2718 4 3 6 4 4 1 9 4 5 4 1

21- - 124730 2.4

- -

2- -

- 0.3% - - - - - - - 3 - - - (2014) (2012) 2030120402 -(2014) 1 4- -

6- - GHG) 1. 2,193 2. 2,193 1,247 1,247 2,734,671 3. GHG GHG 5 1

8- - 77 30 39 14 2 3 3 77 3057 7

10- - 12 57 120% 18km ( ) 10 8 6 4 2 12.8km 8.0km % 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0 0% 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 36-39 39-42 42-45 45-48 48-51 51-54 (km) 18km 84% 9 83% 100 18% 100 ( ) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 % 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0 0% 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 (%) 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 18% 96%

- -1 1 1:X() 1 : 1 1 : X 11 A. B. 12

distance_retriever 2,193 1,247 2,734,671 13 18km 18% 83% 5,542 720 184367 933 1,439 2,734,671 1 : 938.8(t-DS/day) 365(day/year) =342,662(t/year) 15.3 13.4% 14- -

Extraction rates Extraction Rates(%) Extraction Rates(%) 16- -50 40 30 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 1. Hokkai-do 2. Aomori 3. Iwate 4. Miyagi 5. Akita 6. Yamagata 7. Fukushima 8. Ibaraki 9. Tochigi 10. Gunma 11. Saitama 12. Chiba 13. Tokyo 14. Kanagawa 15. Niigata 16. Toyama 17. Ishikawa 18. Fukui 19. Yamanashi 20. Nagano 21. Gifu 22. Shizuoka 23. Aichi 24. Mie 25. Shiga 26. Kyoto 27. Osaka 28. Hyogo 29. Nara 30. Wakayama 31. Tottori 32. Shimane 33. Okayama 34. Hiroshima 35. Yamaguchi 36. Tokushima 37. Kagawa 38. Ehime 39. Kochi 40. Fukuoka 41. Saga 42. Nagasaki 43. Kumamoto 44. Oita 45. Miyazaki 46. Kagoshima 47. Okinawa 2 15 N=367, 10.8km11.3km 100 80 60 40 20 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 (km) 0%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 5 20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125 140 155 170 185 200 215 230 245 260 275 290 305 320 335 350 365 380 395 410 425 440 455 470 485 500 515 530 545 560 575 590 184 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 500 1500 2500 3500 4500 5500 6500 7500 8500 9500 10500 11500 12500 13500 14500 15500 16500 17500 18500 19500 20500 21500 22500 23500 24500 25500 26500 27500 28500 29500 30500 31500 32500 33500 34500 35500 36500 37500 38500 39500 367 357t/day300t/day 14,500m 3 /day3,700m 3 /day 17 18- -

20- - 19

21 120 22- -83% 100 100 80 N=184, 66.2%66.2% 120% 100% 80% 60 40 20 60% 40% 20% 0 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 (%) 0%

24- - 18% 100 N=184, 9.119.42% 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 (%) 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 23 11km 22,400 m 3 /day 80% CHNOS /day 67% 200t/day 9% 182 wet-t/day 18 wet-t/day

26- - 0.32m 3 / /,2010) 70,000 0.958kg/ /,2013) 191,000 80%: (mg/l) TS 540 SS 150 VTS 315 TOC 100 TN 30 TP 4 15.0 43.4 4.8 9.16 20.8 0.28 2.62 2.62 1.31 25

28- - BP 27 CHNOS

(10 5 / ) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0-2 -4-6 4.24 2.06 2.30 1.49 Case0 ( Case1 Case3( 29 GHG(10 3 -tco 2 eq/ ) 40 30 20 10 0-10 CH4 N2O 21.8 19.9 17.7 17.9-20 Case0 ( Case1 Case2 Case3( GHGCH 4 CO 2 N 2 O GHG 30- -

31- - GoogleMAP 184 15.3

- -

- -

2- - IHI

4- - 3

5 6- -

8- - 1) 7 1,380 kwh/ 42% 1) HP http://www.city.eniwa.hokkaido.jp/www/contents/1367989680736/index.html 2) HP http://www.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ks/jss/biomass/biomass_keikaku_siryou3.pdf

10- - 100% CO 2 1,200t/ 1) HP http://www.city.kobe.lg.jp/life/town/waterworks/sewage/higashinada-gaiyo.html 2) HP Higashttp://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/category/saving_and_new/saiene/dounyu/201109kobe.html 3) HP http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/ecg/bdash/bdash.htm 9 85,000/19%CO 2 730t 18% 1) HP http://www.suikon.or.jp/suikon/vol.42/42_08.pdfhttp://www.suikon.or.jp/suikon/vol.42/42_08.pdf 2) http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000170739.pdf

12- - 1) http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/kankyo/gesui/houkatsu/nambustc/zenkai/pdf/gaiyou.pdf 2) HP http://www.meti.go.jp/committee/kenkyukai/energy/nestu_energy/005_05_01.pdf 11 1) 2) http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000050625.pdf

14- - 1) 2) HP http://www.hkd.mlit.go.jp/topics/toukei/chousa/h24keikaku/h24_003.pdf 13 0.8t/ H33 1)

16- - 15 1) HP http://www.city.nagaoka.niigata.jp/kurashi/cate08/biogas/

18- - 17 1982 / 7,645t/ ) 1) 2) Vol.20, No.2, 2012

20- - 19 1) HP http://www.city.osaka.lg.jp/toshikeikaku/cmsfiles/contents/0000093/93882/5-2.pdf

22- - 42% 19% CO 2 21

- - 﨑 正裕