1990 Lewis 1992Fraser 1997 2003Sainsbury 1999 3 1 2 31990 3-1 3-2 3-3 4 4-1 4-2 5 1 1960 2015 12 2 2015 12 18
3 3 1990 2 Esping-Andersen1990 1990 Esping-Andersen1990 1 1990 3 2 Lewis 1992 Fraser 19972003 Sainsbury 19993
3 2003 Lewis1992Fraser1997 2003 Sainsbury1996 Sainsbury19992003 Lewis1992 Sainsbury1996, 1999 Sainsbury1999 Fraser 199720032006 Fraser19972003 Sainsbury 1999 3 3 31990 3 3 3 2003 3 Sainsbury 19993
3-1 2 Lewis 1992 2 3 4 Fraser 19972003 3 Sainsbury 1999 : 105 3-2
3 5 dimensions of variation 2 Sainsbury 1994, 1996 2 Sainsbury1999 1 1 3 3 7 Fraser 19972000 : 67 7 3-3 198090
Sainsbury 1999 : 104-5Sainsbury1999 1990 Sainsbury 1999 : 77 1 Lewis, J.1992 Fraser, N.19972000 Sainsbury, D.1999 7
4 4-1 2 3 Sainsbury 1999 : 77-9 198090 4
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Theories of the Male Breadwinner Model : Reflecting on the Gendered Comparative Welfare State Literature Hiromi Tanaka This paper critically assesses the developments of theories about the shift away from the male breadwinner model, with a view to pursuing the normative alternative model and routes towards it. For this purpose, the paper compares the three most important literature that were published in the 1990s, from the perspective of normative model, policy analysis and policy dynamism, namely : the male breadwinner model (Lewis 1992), gender equity model (Fraser 19972003), and gender policy regime (Sainsbury 1999). As a result, it was found that Sainsbury s gender policy regime successfully moved the policy analysis forward, based on a normative vision of the gender relationship. While this is identified as one of the most important achievements, remaining future tasks lie in the detailed research of policy dynamism. Future research is expected to examine more diverse routes towards the normative model. Key words : The male breadwinner model, Gendered comparative welfare state studies, Alternative model, Individual earner-carer model, Transition routes.