No.110, 2007 131 The Role of Homeroom Teachers and Teacher Training in English Language Education in Elementary Schools Emiko IZUMI Accepted November 29, 2006 抄録 : 索引語 : Abstract : English activities started as a course in Japanese elementary schools as a part of international understanding education in the 'Period for Integrated Study'. The aim of the subject is to enhance pupils' interest in foreign language and culture and foster development of a positive attitude toward foreign people and cultures. These days, however, the question of whether English Language Education should be taught in Japanese elementary schools is being discussed in various places including the Central Education Council. In this paper the background of English Language Education in elementary schools is overviewed and its aim is clarified while looking back on current movements, problems and results of English Language Education in elementary schools, and addresses the latest trends. Next, the important role that homeroom teachers play is considered in comparison with other teaching staff members. Moreover, the current situation of the in-service training of elementary school teachers and the teacher training at university level are discussed. In conclusion, effective and urgent teacher training programs are needed all over Japan in order to make English Language Education in elementary schools successful. Key Words : English education in Japanese elementary schools, homeroom teachers, in-service training, teacher training
132 泉惠美子 1. はじめに 2006 3 27 5 1 2. 小学校英語活動の現状と課題 2.1 小学校英語教育の導入 4 1992 2 6 1994 12 47 1 14 2002 15 2003 3 1 93 14 3 51.3 4 52.3 5 53.6 6 56.1 15 51.0 16 88.3 17 92.1 35 2.2 小学校英語のねらい
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 133 10 3 外国語会話 国際交流活動 調べ学習 15 8 7 21
134 泉惠美子 2.3 成果と課題 14 4 ALT 3 4 puberty lateralization Critical Period Hypothesis Lenneberg 1967 Curtain & Pesola 1994 1994 1997 Krashen 1982 Krashen & Terrell 1983 2005b immersion program EU EFL 2 Curtain &Pesola 1994
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 135 2004a unlearning 2004 3. 学級担任と外部指導者の役割 3.1 望ましい指導者と必要な資質 1 HRT 1998 1990 1 Natural Approach TPR 2 3 4 visual aids simplification 5
136 泉惠美子 6 ALT 7 8 9 2 Assistant Language Teacher = ALT ALT 1 Teacher talk Modification, Expansion, Evaluation 2 Interaction 3 Gesture, Mime 4 Redundancy, Repetition 5 6 7 8 3 Japanese Teacher of English = JTE 1 2 3 HRT ALT 4 5 ALT 6 4 9 1 2 3 4 5 Volunteer English Teacher = VET Guest Teacher = GT English Activity Assistant = EAA JTE
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 137 3.2 望ましい指導形態と担任 ALT の役割 1 TT HRT+ALT HRT+JTE HRT+JTE+ALT HRT+HRT ALT JASTEC 2005 157 ALT TT 54% ALT TT 15% 9% TT 6% ALT 4% 2001 ALT TT 表 1 望ましいと考える指導者と指導形態 ALT TT 43 TT 17 TT 12 ALT 4 8 2005a 2006 ALT 45 5 20 25 90 1 2 ALT
138 泉惠美子 ALT 4.4 ALT JTE 2004b ALT JTE ALT reflection Plan Do Check Action autonomous teacher ALT input ALT TT ALT TT
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 139 ALT ALT ALT 4. 教員研修 4.1 教員研修の現状 13 2001 10 5 30 2006 GP 2 360 20 245 120 58 12 15 16 15 4 2000 1 19% 18% 2005 53% 17% 15% TT 12% 9% 21% 9% 9% 3% 11% 41 2 1 58% 25% 17%
140 泉惠美子 2003 4.2 望ましい研修内容 TT 1 2 4 2 1 ALT 3 2 4 TPR Natural Approach Direct Method CLT Content-based Approach 5 6 7 19 37 5 2300 620 CD 23000 240 2.3 CD 9 5 240 20 8 12 2006 4.3 ALT の研修 ALT ALT
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 141 Team-teaching ALT 60 4 ALT AET 3 10 2 AET 35 ALT5 643 16 12 1 5 ALT14 4.4 校内研修 TV CD 1 6 1 I'm hungry. Listen. What's this? Can you? May I help you? What is your name? etc. ALT 2 1 ALT ALT ALT 3 4 1 30 2 1 ALT 3 ALT ALT
142 泉惠美子 5 6 ALT 7 ALT 8 9 10 5. 急がれる教員養成 1979 1981 1993 5.1 諸外国の教員養成 2002 2004 ALT 11 1997 8 2 21 3 7
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 143 1 2 28 26 74 94 4 3 4 3 5 120 12 3 4 1 5.2 日本の大学の教員養成 C 2 2004 [ ] 15 2 2003 1 8 41 10 2 2 2005: 50 2
144 泉惠美子 2 表 2 小学校英語専攻のカリキュラム試案 ( 樋口 泉 衣笠 2005: 50) 2 2 TT 2 2 2 2 2 6. おわりに 注 1 5 2 5 2
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 145 3 Show & Tell TPR CD DVD 4 2001 5 19 620 600 引用文献 1 2002. 24 pp16-19 2003. 4 1 pp15-29 2000. 2004. 5 pp8-11 2004. 27 pp23-26 2006. KTC pp89-119 2001. 1994. 25 pp5-8 2004. 22 pp73-85 2003. 26 pp1-4 2006. 27 pp19-22 2006. 10 pp63-73 1993.
146 泉惠美子 1997. JASTEC 19 2000. KTC 2001. JASTEC 21 pp.19-43 2002. 2 pp48-50 2005a. 2005b. pp182-185 1990. 1 pp23-25 1998. 5 pp21-23 2004a. 2004b. 1998. 2001. 2004. Curtain, H. and Pesola, C.A.B. Language and Children: Making the Match 2nd ed..london:longman. 1994. Krashen, S. Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford:Pergamon Press. 1982. Krashen, S. and Terrell, T. The Natural Approach. New York:Pergamon. 1983. Lenneberg, E.H. The Biological Foundations of Language. New York: John Wiley. 1967. 参考文献 pp59-69 2001. 12 pp17-19 2000. 2003. 1 6 10 3 2004. 1997. pp.184-200 2002. Cameron, L. Teaching Languages to Young Learners. Cambridge University Press. 2001.
小学校英語教育における担任の役割と指導者研修 147 Richards, J and Lockhart. C. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Cambridge University Press. 1994. Vale, D. and Feunteun, A. Teaching Children English. Cambridge University Press. 1995. Wallace, M.J. Action Research for Language Teachers. Cambridge University Press. 1998.