A Functional Analysis and Improvement of Resistance in Behavioral Psychotherapy: A Case Study. Takashi Muto & Yukari Umezawa Abstract Study objective: To improve resistance in behavioral psychotherapy based on on-going functional assessment and analysis based on several empirical data. Design: AB design, including a descriptive analysis, b correlational-regression analysis with scatter plot and functional formula, and c functional analysis used by behavioral-contingency diagrams, of client and therapist s clinically relevant behaviors. Setting: Behavioral psychotherapy was implemented by the therapist who is a professional clinical-behavior-analyst in a therapy room in a center of clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Participant: A male of forty with chronic panic disorder, who couldn t take any express-train and couldn t be in any crowded place. Measures: a The percentage of occurrence of client s resistance, or challenging behaviors such as refusal of advice given by therapist, b occurrence of advice given by therapist, and c occurrence of client s adaptive commitment in daily life. Independent variables Intervention : a Reducing any advice to client, b prizing verbally all behaviors of client which had some parts of adaptive commitment, and c prompting and fading them to completed commitment in daily life. Results: Intervention based on empirically functional analysis reduced the percentage of occurrence of resistance, and increased occurrence of client s adaptive commitment in daily life. Conclusion: These findings suggest that resistance in psychotherapy could be treated and improved with the behavior-analytic framework, or empirically functional assessment and analysis of client-therapist relationships. Key Words: resistance, challenging behaviors, functional analysis, behavioral psychotherapy, adult with chronic panic disorder resistance Freud, - / 69
p., a, b, identified resistance p. Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, & Richman, / challenging behavior Matson, function or functional challenging behavior Sturmey, Sturmey, 70
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Percentage of Occurrence of Challenging Behaviors 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Baseline 4 5 6 7 8 Session Therapist s Clinically Relevant Behaviors 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Baseline 0 4 5 6 7 8 Session 75
challenging behavior challenging behavior challenging behavior Figure 16 14 Percentage of Occurrence of Challenging Behaviors 12 10 8 6 4 2 y = 0.0161x 3.1196 (R² = 0.70992) 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Occurrence of Advice Given by Therapist Microsoft Excel for Mac ver... Excel Figure R². y =. x. challenging behavior challenging behavior... challenging behavior 76
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Iwata, & Lerman, ; Hanley, Iwata, & McCord, Word challenging behavior Excel # # - b challenging behavior a challenging behavior # # abolishing operation; Laraway, Snycerski, Michael, & Poling, Beavers, Iwata, & Lerman,, Beavers, G. A., Iwata, B. A., & Lerman, D. C.. Thirty years of research on the functional analysis of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,, -. Dougher, M. J. Ed.. Clinical Behavior Analysis. Reno, NV: Context Press. Freud, S. - /. The question of lay analysis: The standard edition. Scranton: W. W. Norton & Company. Hanley, G. P., Iwata, B. A., & McCord, B. E.. Functional analysis of problem behavior: A review. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,, -.. Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S.. Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,,. Reprinted from Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities,,,.. 81
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