March Durkheim, 1933, pp. Durkheim, 1933, p. 38f
Parsons, 1937, Vol. 1, pp. 318 9 ibid., p. 333f Habermas, 1981, Bd. 2, S. 74 ebd.,s.126
March ebd., S. 119 Diskurs latency a b Freud, 1905 AGIL Latent Pattern Maintenance Parsons et al., 1953, pp. 185 90 Parsons
Polanyi, 1966, p. 4 skill knowing-what that knowing-how ibid., p. 6 f ibid., p. 10 focal subsidiary Polanyi, 1962, p. 55 dwell in ibid., p. 59 interiorization Polanyi, 1966, p. 17
March L descriptive fallacy performative Austin, 1962, p. 6 Heritage pp. b Wieder seen but unnoticed Garfinkel, 1967, p. 36
felicitous happy constative locutionary illocutionary perlocutionary illocutionary force Austin, 1961, p. 251 Lewis
March sincerity parasitic Derrida, 1982, pp. J Searle, 1969, chap. constitutive A regulative Searle, 1969 pp. Luhmann 1988, S. 134, S. 181f, usw., 1990, S.174,usw., 1986, p.179
Kripke, 1982 x y x y=x+y x y Kripke, 1982, p. 15
March Wittgenstein, 1958, p. 81 McGinn, 1984, p. 68 Malcolm, 1986, p. 154 5 Kripke, 1982, pp.
representationalism Luhmann 1985, S.415, 1990, Kap.2,bes.S.115
March vorführen, present zeigen, show, exhibit perform Wettgenstein, 1958, p. 81 Ryle, 1949 presuppose imply Strawson Levinson chap., Grice chap.
Ryle, 1949, p. 25 intelligent knowing-how
March Wittgenstein, 1958, p. 76 Coulter, 1979, 1989 Austin, John L. 1962, How to Do Things with Words, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Austin, John L. 1961, Philosophical Papers, Oxford, Oxford University Press. disposition
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March Norm and Mind: The Structure of Practical Action ABSTRACT Emile Durkheim focused on the problem of non-contractual element in contract inorder to explicate the nature of the social element. This idea suggests that the social or normative element should not be regarded as a kind of agreement Jürgen Habermas, but rather as something latent in action Talcott Parsons, since, as Durkheim put it, it implicitly forms the background of our explicit agreement. By using Michael Polanyi s idea of tacit knowing, we can revise the concept of latency. To know tacitly the rule being used in practical action means that the rule is not something latent and independent of action itself. John L. Austin elucidated the concept of practical action by describing it as the use of a language speech act. His efforts, however, lead us to the paradoxical consequence that the felicitous context of the practical action could not be determined. Since the felicitous context should be defined by what we call a rule, it follows that no rule could determine a course of action Saul A. Kripke. Is practical action involved in a paradox? We must draw attention to the distinction between following a rule and interpreting a rule which Ludwig Wittgenstein emphasized. Based on this distinction, Kripke s paradox turns out to be arisen from interpreting a rule, not from following a rule. In practical action, as Wittgenstein put it, the rule we follow is not to be referred, but to be showed or displayed. There is no paradox in practical action. Therefore there is no need to entparadoxieren Niklas Luhmann. This insight plays an important role for us to think about mind. As Gilbert Ryle argued, mind should not be regarded as something apart from action. Rather, mind is in the way of action, that is, in following some kind of rule or norm. Therefore it is concluded that the grammar of norm and that of mind have a common basis. Norm and mind should be regarded as something to be shown in our inter action. Key Words: practical action, referring and showing, the grammar of norm and mind.