2003.9.25. 38
56 56 91 1,618 1,068 982 894 840 776 803 581 542 55 1949 1950 1970 50 2,030 China Daily, October 16, 2003., 1988, pp.55-56. 2000 2003, 2003, p.356. 39
55 55 55 1945, 1999, p.68. Thomas Herber, China and its national minorities:autonomy or assimilation? (Armonk, New York,..Sharpe, 1989), p.9. 40
1911 10 20 Morris Rossabi, China and Inner Asia:From 1386 to the Present Day (London,Thames and Hudson, 1975), chap.5,6 and 7; Joseph Fletcher "Ch'ing Inner Asia c.1800" (The Cambridge History of China, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press), vol.10, part, 1978, chap.2. 41
11 10 12 125 40 13 14 10 p.56. 22,, 1992, pp.131-159., 1999, p.1. 2003, p.356., 1999, p.526 42
15 16 190 90 70 50 45 20 16 17 651, 1971, pp.8-11., p.9. 10 43
18, 1964. 44
18 19 1854 18 1860 1872 12 19 1862 1869 1873 1878 20, pp.64-68., pp.68-75. 45
21 1911 1920 1920 1930 22 2000 1,925 47 1,097 23 Rossabi, op.cit., p.191., pp.75-80. no.31, 2003.7, p.29. 2003 26 2003.5.27. 46
24 10 16 25 17 18 1670 1682 1688 10 1697 18 18 1740 1760 26 27 19 28 2002. Fletcher, op.cit. p.58., 2000., 1966, pp.101-119 pp.162-176. 47
18 19 1860 1884 29 1944 30 1955 10 50 47.5 80 31 1620 206 24 p.29. 1760, p.163., Rossabi, op.cit., p.149. Joseph Fletcher, "The heyday of the Ch'ing order in Mongolia, Sinkiang and Tibet" (The Cambridge History of China, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press), vol.10, part, 1978. Chap. 8, p.351., p.175, pp.189-204 Rossabi, op.cit., pp.183-187, p.190., 1951, pp.74-111. 2003 p.357. 48
1921 1935 32 120 13 15 17 33 34 18 10 1930 1930 1940 1931 1933 11 1943 11, 1995, pp.3-4, Fletcher, op.cit. p.69., 1995. 49
12 12 1945 10 1946 1949 12 19 50
35 18 36, 1983.,, 2001.2. 51
1880 1890 1937 1950 37 1901 27 1940 38 16 1670 18 19 1999 39, pp.209-210. pp.477-482., pp.127-155., pp.155-209., pp.209-210;, 2000, pp.16-17; Jonathan N. Lipman, Familiar Strangers: History of Muslims in Northern China, (Uiversity of Washington Press), 1997, pp.70-71; 52
40 40 30 18 16 18 41 11 12 17 19 42 17 18 12 13 43 pp.75-76., pp.76-77., 1993., pp.77-78; 53
15 16 19 44 45 19 80 1906 1923 1940 1942 pp.78-79, pp.451-455;, 2000, pp.11-20. Lipman, op.cit. pp.89-102. 54
1954 46 300 20 1990 47 19801990 1949 10 1957 1966 1978 12, 2002,pp.171-181, 207-208. Maris Boyd Gillette, Between Mecca and Beijinng: Modernization and Consumption among Urban Chinese Muslims, (Stanford,California: Stanford University Press), 2000, pp.12,54. 55
1957 1982 36 48 49 50, pp.159-181; 409 ;, pp.217-221,224-234. Gillette, op.cit., p.13. 56
1989 12 3,000 10 51 1930 1993 52 2000 12 13 300 40 10 11 20 53 12 54 55 Gillette, ibid., Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press) 1991. Gladney, ibid., pp.1-7. Gillette op.cit., p.19. 2000.12.16. p.7 2000.12.15.,p.7. 2000.12.31.,p.7.; 2000.12.31.,p.9 19 1999.9.25.,p.9. 57
56 1989 57 1930, 40 1990 58 40 1980 1989 Gladney, op.cit., pp.321-323. Gladney, op.cit., p.323. Gillette, op.cit., pp.79-81, 111. 58
59 60 61 1989 62 300 63 Gladney, op.cit., pp.325, 327, 333. Gillette, op.cit., pp.53, 234-235. Gladney, op.cit. p.335., p.30. Gillette, op.cit., p.234.; Lipman op.cit., pp.225-226. 59
64 65 1990 9 11 66 1930 1940 1949 1980 67 1990 1970 80 1991, 1993 p.185. p141., p.36. pp.139-142. 60
68 1997 28 10 100 600 150 1,500 55 20 69 50 70 71 2 5 72 73 1990 200 162 74 1997 p.298; 49 2003 p.37; Xing Guangcheng "China and Central Asia" Roy Allison and Lena Jonson eds. Central Asian Security: The New International Context (London, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2001) pp.161-162; The Washington Post, 2001.10.13., p.a21., p.141.; 1997, pp.26-27.; 1997.2.12.,p.5; 1997.2.28.,p.9. Seattle Post- Intelligencer, 1997.2.11.p.A2., p.141. p.26. 2002.6.22.; South China Morning Post, 2000.6.1.p.1. Louisa Lim, "China' s high-stakes war on terror" BBC News UK Edition, November 3. 2003. <http://news.bbc.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/323039.stn> 61
75 76 77 78 79 9 11 80 81 p.299. Washington Post, op.cit. ; USA Today, 2002.6.20., p.a7. Lim, op.cit. p.40. South China Morning Post, op.cit.; Washington Post,op.cit.,;USA Today, op.cit. South China Morning Post,op.-cit.; USA Today, op.cit. p.50.; Allison and Jonson, op.cit., chap.10.11. 62
82 83 Lim, op.cit.; Allison and Jonson, op.cit,. pp.1-48. Gladney, op.cit. p.337. 63