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Case Studies of Human Resource Management of IT engineers : Do performance-based and market-oriented HRM have generality? Takumi MIWA Abstract The purposes of this paper are to examine the diversity of Human Resource Management HRM of IT engineers. Generally, it is considered that the HRM of the knowledge worker including the IT engineer has performance-based and market-oriented characteristics. Taking into account of job content, it may also become important to organization-oriented and process-oriented HRM in the workplace environment of the knowledge worker. Additionally this paper compare IT engineers attitudes and behaviors turnover, mutual learning, career orientation in each HRM. As the results of case studies of IT companies, it was found that there are types of HRM characteristics in these firms as follows. a Performance-based HRM attaching importance to job process. In this HRM, many IT engineers tend to remain in organization for long time, and mutual learning among them happens very actively. In addition, many members tend to have managerial career orientations. b Partial performance-based HRM adopting skill-based grade system. The similar tendency like a is observed under this human resource management, however, b is not remarkable as a. c Non-competitive HRM adopting skill-based grade system. In this HRM, turnover of IT engineers occur frequently, and mutual learning among them doesn t happen actively. Moreover, almost of members tend to have technical career orientation. Keywords : IT engineer, HRM of performance-based and market-oriented, turnover, mutual learning, career orientation