A questionnaire survey on the use of placebo in clinical practice by nurses in Japan 1 1 2 2 1 4 1964 5, 6 1998 GCP 1 School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University 2Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University
informed consent I.C. I.C. meta analysis study 7, 8 9 16 17 20 2004 American Society for Pain Management Nursing 21 2005 The American Pain Society 22 2008American Medical Association 23 I.C. 24 25 26, 27 25, 28 29 30 46.9 24.7 2003 25, 28 placebo sham operation touch 31 p.339 32 33 300 3 1 1 3 1 2008
3 3 2007 2008 300 9541908 3 2 1 2008 12 1 2009 1 31 1 2 17 3 12 3 4 5 5 3 2 T X 2 SPSS 16.0 SPSS Japan Inc. 5 08 049
1 2 1908 352 18.4 300 499 19.3 243 500 699 15.468 700 20.141 300 499 69 1 2 0 61 302 2 60 1 3 205 163 12 300 499 n 243 SD 500 699 n 68 700 n 41 total n 352 36.5 8.6 36.9 9.1 35.5 8.2 36.3 8.6 14.2 8.3 14.8 8.8 13.6 8.0 14.3 8.4 * 3 2 235 97 7 3 63 26 152 63 26 11 157 65 52 21 34 14 114 47 111 46 18 7 65 96 3 4 21 31 39 57 7 10 49 72 10 15 8 12 25 37 33 49 9 13 39 98 6 15 31 78 3 8 23 58 5 13 11 28 17 43 16 40 7 17 * 399 97 1 90 26 222 64 36 10 299 65 70 20 54 15 156 45 160 46 34 10
n 5 5 10 10 10 10 5 10 1 5 1 300 499 n 243 283 98 4 2 116 50 114 49 3 1 9 4 112 46 110 46 10 4 0 33 14 209 86 81 48 38 22 50 30 57 28 148 72 38 19 62 31 45 22 500 699 n 68 67 99 1 1 29 43 38 57 0 0 26 39 40 60 1 1 0 7 10 61 90 14 34 16 39 11 27 19 32 41 68 10 17 20 34 10 17 == 10 700 n 41 39 98 20 53 17 45 1 2 18 45 20 50 0 7 18 32 82 7 25 8 29 13 46 11 34 21 66 6 19 9 28 6 19 total n 352 344 98 6 2 165 49 169 50 4 1 10 3 156 45 170 49 12 3 0 47 14 302 86 102 43 62 26 74 31 86 30 210 70 53 26 91 45 60 29 300 499 n 209 500 699 n 61 700 n 32 total n 302 173 85 91 45 15 7 49 82 28 47 7 12 28 90 12 39 2 6 250 83 131 43 24 8 123 59 98 48 52 25 51 24 3 1 33 54 26 43 20 33 6 10 3 5 17 53 12 38 9 28 5 16 173 58 136 46 81 27 62 21 7 2 137 68 64 32 45 76 14 24 25 78 7 22 207 71 85 29 124 60 82 40 39 67 19 33 20 62 12 38 183 62 113 38 179 86 30 14 52 85 9 15 32 100 0 263 87 39 13 80 38 84 40 111 53 6 3 21 34 24 39 33 54 3 5 19 59 13 41 17 53 0 120 40 121 41 161 54 9 3 201 96 1 1 6 3 56 92 2 3 0 30 94 287 96 4 1 7 2
7 75 155 72149 2042 38113 29 24 20 14 8 90 300 500 1415 3 9 7 6 8 700 2 4 302282 93 40 96 6 4 M1 6.84 M 2 3.97 2 df 320, t 2.097, p 0.037 300 499 n 243 500 699 n 68 700 n 41 total n 352 137 61 87 39 35 57 26 43 20 51 19 49 192 59 132 41 28 12 211 88 3 5 63 95 2 5 39 95 33 10 314 90 55 23 184 77 14 21 53 79 3 8 38 92 72 21 276 79 112 48 121 52 115 95 36 31 4 3 38 58 27 42 27 100 9 33 0 24 59 17 41 14 82 5 29 1 6 174 52 165 48 156 95 50 30 5 3
5 7 6 p 0.001 p 0.03 p 0.001 p 0.04 6 5 1 2 3 4 5 3 25793.1 8 6 23478.0 6 ** * ** * **p<0.001 *p<0.05 n 352 41 26 81 54 25 56 106 38 48 28 58 55 100 41 8 22 68 42 59 39 118 74 70 46 20 44 172 62 121 72 48 45 145 59 28 78 93 58 91 61
n 302 n 257 n 234 88 29 23 8 158 53 74 25 149 50 15 5 164 57 152 51 218 86 153 60 117 46 86 34 148 64 35 15 29 13 123 53 123 54 149 50 98 33 81 27 137 46 87 29 90 31 80 28 88 29 29 11 72 28 91 36 95 38 50 22 79 35 87 38 80 35 80 30 62 21 175 59 59 20 85 29 62 21 190 64 46 16 59 20 7 3 28 11 44 17 71 28 32 14 114 50 112 49 28 12 28 16 86 7 5 2 1 12 60 70 10 68 95 5 48 3 7 25 60 0.84 1.11 1.33
I.C. 30 Todd 17 9 18 19 7 300 50n 408 I.C. 25 25 12, 14 13, 14 3 Beauchamp and ChildressI.C. (p.108 2 p.489 2 Kuhse p.94 34
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