19 2012 pp. 31 50 [ 研究ノート ] 経済学における 自然 概念の再解釈 要約 20 10 250 1 18 2 3 はじめに 21 9. 11 2012 12 10 31
100 21 10 20 10 250 1 18 2 3 1 経済学における 自然 概念の起源 1.1 ポリティカル エコノミーの形成 political economy 17 James Stuart 18 J. S. Mill 1848 Principle of Political Economy 1 17 18 natural law natural history 32
Cardoso 2004 political philosophy moral philosophy 2 Adam Smith 3 Cardoso 2004 human nature natural man natural order natural world 18 life natural order economic order Cardoso political 18 Foley 2006 Bakan 2006 33
4 Foley 2006 2010 4 5 6 18 political 7 1.2 自然 概念と自由 2010 8 18 9 10 11 34
1.3 理想的状態としての自然状態 2007 12 13 2010 J. S. Mill 14 2 現代経済学における 自然 理論の展開 2.1 スミスの自然価格理論と 見えざる手 15) 35
1987 16 17 18 19 36
20 21 2.2 ヴィクセルの自然利子率と貨幣の問題 100 19 1987 19 1893 22 1998 23 24 25 26 27 37
2 2.3 フリードマンの自然失業率仮説 28 70 80 2007 38
3 ポリティカル エコノミーとグローバル経済 3.1 見えざる手 の正体 29 30 18 31 32 39
Gorton 2010 2007 visible invisible 33 3.2 自由な経済活動と競争 34 2012 35 competition emulation 36 emulation 40
37 1980 38 39 3.3 レッセ フェールの呪縛 18 40 41 41
42 43 1920 44 45 20 4 おわりに 90 D. K. Foley 42
46 250 2007 47 48 18 Marciano and Runde 2004 49 18 21 43
注 1 Drazen 2000 p. 3 2 Cardoso 2004 3 Cardoso 2004 4 Foley 2006 Bakan 2006 5 2010 2 6 2007 p. 553 p. 565 7 Marciano 2004 1950 new political economy Drazen 2000 new political economy 8 2010 p. 89 9 Keynes 1972 1981 p. 327 10 2009 pp. 440 441 Sowell 2006 J. B. 11 Keynes 1972 1981 p. 327 1981 p. 327 12 2007 p. 555 13 Davis, Marciano and Runde eds. 2004 Introduction political economy richer 14 2010 p. 99 15 2 2008 16 1987 p. 20 17 1987 44
p. 2 18 p. 58 19 2008 p. 164 20 pp. 175 176 21 p. 175 22 1987 p. 5 23 1998 p. 55 24 Snowdon and Vane 1997 2001 25 1987 p. 4 26 p. 9 27 p. 9 28 p. 9 29 Friedman 1962 2008 13 p. 362 30 13 31 Keynes 1972 1981 p. 329 32 1987 1970 80 p. 3 33 Gorton 2010 Gorton 45
34 Smith 1776 2007 p. 65 35 2012 p. 173 36 2012 37 2012 p. 183 38 pp. 194 195 1998 1998 p. 27 1998 p. 76 2007 P. Sylos-Labini 2007 p. 567 2007 p. 569 39 Keynes 1972 1981 p. 339 40 Keynes 1972 1981 p. 332 41 1981 p. 333 42 Keynes 1972 1981 p. 334 43 Keynes 1972 1981 p. 340 44 Sowell 2006 Sowell 2006 political philosophy economic methodology 45 1981 p. 336 46
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Review of the Concept of Nature in Economics Miyako KIJI Abstract Modern economics has been shown that the free economic activities and the competitive markets can make the efficient allocation of resources possible by incentives that economic agents perform the maximization of their interests. In the last decade of the twentieth century, a global economy emerged by the end of the socialism of Soviet Unions and the principle of free and competitive markets have been promoted in the world. We can see the growth of the global economy, shown in the number of the rate of growth of GDP especially in the emerging countries, but it seems that we also now face at several economic problems of the world, which are for example the shortage of resources and food, the destruction of natural environment, poverty, and so on. About 250 years ago, Adam Smith tried to study the nature of human beings and the economic system of markets on the basis of the ideas of natural law and natural order. And he also recognized that the world was uncertain and we could see some unexpected events by the foolishness and unfairness and the weakness of human beings. This paper studies the several effects of the principles or doctrines in modern economics that has given us focusing on the concept of natural since the age of Adam Smith. First of all, I show the process of the formation of political economy that emerged in eighteenth century on the basis of natural law and natural history. And in section 2, I trace the definition of natural starting from the natural price or natural rate by Adam Smith to the natural rate of interest by Wicksell and the natural rate of unemployment by Friedman in modern economics in compared with Smith s. Then in section 3, I examine how to be explained the words of invisible hand and competition, and laissez-faire as the doctrines in modern economics, which are important concepts in market economy, since the age of emergency of the original political economy until now. And in the last section, I refer to an important question about the ideas of modern market economy, that is to say, how to recognize the real economic problems from both of economic theory and real economic events. In other words, it is important to study at the point of philosophical foundations of political economy about if real economy is bound for the ideal natural economy state, and well what is the ideal economy, and whether it is really good and right. I conclude to say that the ideas of original political economy and the philosophical thinking are useful to help to solve the real economic problem in economics. Key words: political economy, natural rate, invisible hand, competition, laissez faire 50