A Study of Smll Built-in Antenn for Hnd held Terminl
6 9 IMT-2 Interntionl Mobile Telecommunictions-2 2GHz /4 PDA Personl Digitl Assistnt 2 FDTD Finite Difference Time Domin method 6 FDTD 3.6 2.5mm 2.25GHz 2.1%
1....2 2....6 2.1.... 6 2.1.1. PDA... 6 2.1.2.... 14 2.1.3.... 19 2.2.... 22 2.2.1.... 22 2.2.2.... 27 2.2.3.... 31 3....34 3.1.... 34 3.1.1.... 34 3.1.2.... 37 3.2.... 38 3.2.1.... 38 3.2.2. 2GHz... 42 3.3.... 45 3.3.1.... 45 3.3.2.... 48 3.3.3.... 5 4....55...56...57...59...6 i
1. 13 12 671 1-1 PDC Personl Digitl Cellulr system 9.6 28.8kbps PHS Personl Hndy-phone System 32 64kbps 1 IMT-2 Interntionl Mobile Telecommunictions 2 384kbps IMT-2 2 2 2GHz 192-198MHz 211-217MHz 19MHz FDD Frequency Division Duplex 2Mbps 2MHz IMT-2 2Mbps 144kbps PDC IMT 2 MMAC PHS 2.4GH 19GH LAN LAN 1-1 2
Web 1-2 1-3 6 9 1-3 b [1][2] V H XPR V XPR = 1 H XPR 9MHz 9dB [3] 6dB XPR IMT-2 (2GHz ) 1-2 3
b 1-3 [4] 1-4 [5] 1-4 b [6] /4 [7] IMT-2 2GHz FDTD [8][9][1] XY ()dipole ntenn y z x (b) /4 monopole ntenn 1-4 4
>6 [11][12] [13] 2 2 3 2 FDTD 4 5
2. 3 IMT-2 2GHz /4 2.1. 2.1.1. PDA PDA(Personl Digitl Assistnt) =14mm 82mm/4 2-1 PDA AP1 BP1 2-2 /4 2GHz 15mm 1/4 36 38mm 2-3 AP1 2-4 PDA AP2 BP2 2-5 2-6 db -1dB 1/1 6
-2dB 1/1-1dB 2-6() PDA AP1 BP1 2-6(b) PDA AP2 BP2 4 [deg] 2-7 [14] r=4.3 2-8 [deg] 3 6 9 4 2-9 2-1 2-7 xy [15] P Pr P π 2π ve = π 2π ( (, ) r (, )) P θ φ P θ φ dφdθ φθ dφdθ 2 2-11 V H >6[deg] AP1 AP2 2-12 2-15 =27[deg] PDA AP1 AP2 7
AP1 AP2 BP2 /4 monopole ntenn d c Ground Plne y z x AP1 b BP1 2-1 PDA b =14 b=82 c=36 d=7 [mm] 2-2 2-3 AP1 8
/4 monopole ntenn c d Ground Plne y z x AP2 b BP2 2-4 PDA b =14 b=82 c=36 d=7 [mm] 2-5 -5-5 -1-15 -2-25 AP1 BP1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 () -1-15 -2-25 AP2 BP2 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 b 2-6 9
Phntom y () Model P-A z x (b) Model P-B 2-7 [deg] 3[deg] 6[deg] 9[deg] 2-8 1
2-9 2-1 Pttern Averge Gin [dbd] -5-1 -15 AP1-V AP1-H BP1-V BP1-H -2 3 6 9 Inclintion Angle [deg] () Pttern Averge Gin [dbd] -5-1 -15 AP2-V AP2-H BP2-V BP2-H -2 3 6 9 Inclintion Angle [deg] (b) 2-11 11
[dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-12 AP1 xy [dbd] [dbd] 27-1 -2-3 9 27-1 -2-3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-13 AP2 xy 12
[dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-14 BP1 xy -1 [dbd] [dbd] -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18[deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-15 BP2 xy 13
2.1.2. PDA =128mm 44mm/4 2-16 AC1 BC1 2-17 /4 2GHz 15mm 1/4 36 38mm 2-18 AC2 BC2 2-19 /4 2-2 PDA AC1 AC2 BC1 BC2-1dB 1 2mm 2GHz [deg] 3 6 9 4 V H 2-21 >6[deg] AC1 AC2 2-22 2-25 =27[deg] AC1,AC2 14
BC1 BC2 PDA Model B Model A Model A PDA /4 monopole ntenn c Ground Plne y 7 d b/2 15 z x AC1 b BC1 b =128 b=44 c=38 d=7 [mm] 2-16 2-17 /4 Monopole Antenn c Ground Plne y 7 d d 15 AC2 b BC2 z x Unit [mm] b =128 b=44 c=37 d=7 [mm] 2-18 2-19 15
-1-2 -1-2 -3 AC1 BC1-3 AC2 BC2 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 () 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 b 2-2 Pttern Averge Gin [dbd] -5-1 -15 AC1-V AC1-H BC1-V BC1-H Pttern Averge Gin [dbd] -5-1 -15 AC2-V AC2-H BC2-V BC2-H -2 3 6 9 Inclintion Angle [deg] () -2 3 6 9 Inclintion Angle [deg] (b) 2-21 16
[dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-22 AC1 xy [dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-23 AC2 xy 17
[dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-24 BC1 xy [dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 2-25 BC2 xy 18
2.1.3. 6[deg] 2-26 3 128mm 44mm/4 AC1 AC2 BC1 BC2 2-26 3 V H 2-27 2-28 2-29 2-3 27[deg]-1dB p1 p2 p3 2-26 19
27 1 [dbd] -1-2 -3 9 27 1 [dbd] -1-2 -3 9 18[deg.] () p1 Hed Only p2 Hed + Brest p3 Hed + Brest + Arm 18 [deg. ] (b) 2-27 AC1 xy =6 1 [dbd] 1 [dbd] 27-1 -2-3 9 27-1 -2-3 9 18[deg.] () p1 Hed Only p2 Hed + Brest p3 Hed + Brest + Arm 18 [deg.] (b) 2-28 AC2 xy =6 2
1[dBd] 1[dBd] 27-1 -2-3 9 27-1 -2-3 9 18 [deg.] () p1 Hed Only p2 Hed + Brest 18 [deg.] p3 Hed + Brest + Arm (b) 2-29 BC1 xy =6 1 [dbd] 1 [db] 27-3 -1-2 9 27-1 -2-3 9 18 [deg.] () p1 Hed Only p2 Hed + Brest 18 [deg.] p3 Hed + Brest + Arm (b) 2-3 BC2 xy =6 21
2.2. /4 FDTD Finite Difference Time Domin method 2.2.1. FDTD PDA 128mm 44mm 2-31 2-34 /4 Model A Model B 4 FDTD [16] 1mm PML4 1-5 FDTD 2-35 FDTD 2-37 AC1 AC2 BC1 BC2 PDA 22
PDA(Personl Digitl Assistnt)=14mm 82mm FDTD PDA 2-38 2-39 PDA 2-4 AP1 AP2 BP1 BP2 /4 2-31 AC1 2-32 AC1 2-33 BC1 2-34 BC1 23
-1-2 -1-2 -3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()AC1 (b)bc1-3 2-35 FDTD -1-2 -1-2 -3-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()AC2 (b)bc2 2-36 FDTD 24
/4 monopole ntenn ()AC1 ground plne (b)ac2 (c)bc1 (d)bc2-4db db 2-37 -1-2 -1-2 -3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()AP1 (b)bp1 2-38 FDTD 25
-1-2 -1-2 -3-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()AP2 (b)bp2 2-39 FDTD /4 Monopole Antenn Ground Plne ()AP1 (b)ap2 (c)bp1 (d)bp2-4db db 2-4 PDA 26
2.2.2. BC1 BC2 2-41 (cox) (old) 128mm 44mm BC1 BC2 FDTD /4 PML /4( 2GHz ) 1-5 2-42 cox old 2-43 PDA =14mm 82mm 2-44 cox old 2-45 FDTD () ()( PDA ) 2-46 2-47 BC1 BC2-1dB 27
AC1 AC2-1dB 6 old cox 2-41 -1-2 -1-2 -3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()cox (b)old 2-42 BC1 28
Returnloss[dB] -1-2 -1-2 -3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()cox (b)old 2-43 BC2-1 -2-1 -2-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()cox (b)old 2-44 BP1 29
-1-2 -1-2 -3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()cox (b)old 2-45 BP2-1 -2-1 -2-3 ()AC1 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-3 (b)ac2 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 2-46 FDTD 3
-1-2 -1-2 -3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()AP1-3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 (b)ap2 2-47 FDTD 2.2.3. 2-48 AC1 BC1 2GHz BC1 Lg(Length of ground) 24mm 56mm 2-49 2GHz 2-5() 31
Lg 15mm 2GHz Lg PDA PDA Lg 182mm 1.7GHz 2-5(b) 1.7GHz Lg 2GHz Model B Model A -1dB >6[deg] Model A Model B 3 5dB Model A /4 monopole ntenn c ground plne y z x ()AC1 (b)bc1 Lg=15= (2GHz) c=24 56[mm] Lg 2-48 Lg -1-2 -3 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 AC1 (c=24 56mm) 2-49 32
-1-2 -3 2GHz -1-2 -3 1.7GHz 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ()BC1 (c=24 56mm) 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 (b)bp1 (c=24 56mm) 2-5 33
3. 3.1. 3.1.1. FDTD 3-1 1mm 1mm.5mm CPU Athlon8MHz 3 3 3-2 AS1 3-3 3-4 FDTD 3-5 -1dB -1dB 2.83GHz 3.9% 3-6 xy H 3-7 yz E 3-8 zx E E Model A 34
z hs y x h ground plne short feed short y z x c b d b b/2 =16 b=4 c=8 d=4 h=2 hs=1 [mm] 3-1 3-3 =1mm 3-2 AS1 3-4 35
[db] -1-1 -2 27-2 -3 9-3 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 18 [deg.] E E 3-5 AS1 3-6 AS1 xy [db] -1 [db] -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] 18 [deg.] E E E E 3-7 AS1 yz 3-8 AS1 zx 36
3.1.2. 2.6 FDTD 2.6 3-9 3-1 AS2 3-11.2mm 2.6 1.mm 2 2mm FDTD FDTD 3-11 2GHz FDTD 3-9 3-1 AS2 37
z y ground Plne y z dielectric substrte r =2.6 x x short c b d feed b b/2 hs h short =16 b=4 c=8 d=4 h=2 hs=1 [mm] 3-11 -1-2 -3 AS1 AS1 AS2 AS2 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 3-12 3.2. 3.2.1. FDTD FDTD.5mm.25mm FDTD 3-13 FDTD 3.6.5mm.25mm 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-17 38
3.6 2.6 3-18 3-2 FDTD cell 4cell z y dielectric substrte r =3.6 x hs h ground plne short feed short y z x c b d b/2 b =14 b=4 c=7 d=3 h=2.5 hs=1 [mm] 3-13 3-14 39
Short Feed Short.5mm.25mm =1[mm] 3-15 AS3-2[dB] [db] 3-16 -5-1 -15-2 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 ()cell size.25mm (b)cell size.5mm 3-17 4
[db] [db] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 E E 18 [deg.] E E 3-18 AS4 xy 18 [deg.] E E E E 3-19 AS4 yz [db] 27-1 -2-3 9 18 E E [deg.] E E 3-2 AS4 zx 41
3.2.2. 2GHz FDTD IMT-2 2GHz FDTD 3-21 FDTD.25mm 1mm 1.875GHz 14mm 13mm 2.25GHz CPU Athlon XP 1.4GHz 71 34 3-22 -1dB 42MHz 39MHz 2.1 1.9 3-23 AS5 3-24.2mm 3-25 FDTD FDTD -7dB 3-26 3-28 3-29 6 9 2GHz 42
z y dielectric substrte r =3.6 x hs h ground plne y z x short c b d feed b b/2 short =13 b=4 c=6.5 d=2.5 h=2.5 hs=1 [mm] 3-21 -1-2 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 3-22 =1mm 3-23 AS5 3-24 43
short feed short -2[dB] [db] -7[dB] [db] 3-25 [db] [db] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 E E [deg.] E E 18 E E [deg.] E E 3-26 AS5 xy 3-27 AS5 yz 44
[db] -1-2 27 9-3 18 [deg.] E E E E 3-28 AS5 zx Pttern Averge Gin [dbd] -1-2 AS5-V AS5-H AS5-VP AS5-HP -3 3 6 9 Inclintion Angle [deg] 3-29 AS5 3.3. 3.3.1. 3-3 2 /4 Model A PDA /4 FDTD 3-31 PDA /4 FDTD FDTD 1mm PML /4 45
3-33 2GHz 3-34 3-36 () (b) (c) 3-3 ground plne y z x ()AP3 (b)ap1 3-31 3-32 AP3 46
-1 [db] -1-2 27-2 -3 9-3 AP3 AP1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 3-33 E AP3 E AP3 18 [deg.] E AP1 E AP1 3-34 AP1 AP3 xy [db] -1 [db] -1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] E AP3 E AP3 E AP1 E AP1 3-35 AP1 AP3 yz E AP3 E AP3 18[deg.] E AP1 E AP1 3-36 AP1 AP3 zx 47
3.3.2. AP4/4 BP1 3-37 PDA(Personl Digitl Assistnt) =14mm 82mm, 3-38 3-39 3-4 2.52GHz [deg] 3 6 9 4 =6[deg] 2 5dB z y dielectric substrte r =2.6 x hs h ground plne short feed short y z x c b d b/2 b =16 b=4 c=7.5 d=4.5 h=2.4 hs=.6 [mm] 3-37 48
/4 Monopole Antenn Top Loded Monopole Antenn c Ground Plne y c b/2 Ground Plne y b/2 z x b =14 b=82 c=15 [mm] 3-38 AP4 z x b =14 b=82 c=35 [mm] 3-39 /4 BP1-1 -2-3 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 AP4 BP1 3-4 AP4 BP1 Pttern Averge Gin [dbd] -5-1 -15 AP4-V AP4-H BP1-V BP1-H -2 3 6 9 Inclintion Angle [deg] 3-41 49
3.3.3. 2 2GHz 3-42 3-43 3-44 3-45 Model A 1.992GHz model A 1.7 Model B 36mm 35mm 3-46 [deg] 3 6 9 4 AP7 BP1 3-47 3-48 3-49 =27[deg]. Model A Model B 3-5 3-51 =6[deg] 3-47 -1dB 5
z y dielectric substrte r =2.6 x hs h ground plne short feed short y z x c b d b/2 b =16 b=4 c=7.5 d=4.5 h=2.4 hs=.6 [mm] 3-42 () AP7 A (b) BP1 A 3-43 () AP7 (b) BP1 3-44 51
-5-1 -15-2 -25-3 AP7 BP1 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 3-45 Pttern Averge Gin [dbd] -5-1 -15 Inclintion Angle [deg] AP7-V AP7-H BP1-V BP1-H -2 3 6 9 3-46 p1 p2 p3 3-47 52
[dbd] [dbd] -1 27-1 -2-3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 3-48 AP7 xy [dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () Inclintion Angle [deg] 3 [deg] 6 [deg] 9[deg] 18 [deg.] (b) 3-49 BP1 xy 53
[dbd] [dbd] -1-1 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () p1 Hed Only p2 Hed + Brest 18 [deg.] p3 Hed + Brest + Arm (b) 3-5 AP7 xy [dbd] -1-1[dBd] 27-2 -3 9 27-2 -3 9 18 [deg.] () p1 Hed Only p2 Hed + Brest 18 [deg.] p3 Hed + Brest + Arm (b) 3-51 BP1 xy 54
4. 2 PDA 2 /4 Model A Model B 2 /4-1dB FDTD Model B Model A 6 3 5dB Model A FDTD 3.6 1 1mm 2.25GHz -1dB 2.1 2.6 PDA =14mm 82mm Model A Model B >6deg 3 5dB 55
56
[1]Ogw, Mtsuyoshi nd Monm An Anlysis of the Performnce of Hndset Diversity Antenn Influenced by Hed, Hnd, nd Shoulder Effects t 9MHz: Prt1- Effective Gin Chrcteristics, IEEE VTS, pp.83-844 My. 2 [2]Ogw, Mtsuyoshi nd Monm An Anlysis of the Performnce of Hndset Diversity Antenn Influenced by Hed, Hnd, nd Shoulder Effects t 9MHz: Prt2- Correltion Chrcteristics, IEEE VTS, pp.845-853 My. 2 [3]H.Ari N.Igi nd H.Hnok Antenn-gin mesurement of hndheld terminls t 9MHz IEEE Trns. Veh.Tech., vol.vt-46, no.3, pp.537-543 August. 1997 [4] 2.GHz,5.4GHz, B-1-124, 2 [5] 12 Feb. 21 [6] 1996 [7] 1995 [8] FDTD 1998 [9]FDTD http://www.micro.elec.okym-u.c.jp/ ~ fujimori/fdtd/index.html [1] FDTD 2 [11], FDTD, AP99-36, Jun. 1999 57
[12] 198 [13] B-1-47 Sep. 21 [14] B-1-197 Mr. 2 [15]A.Mutou H.Ari Antenn Pttern Mesurement Using Phntom For Hndset Phone As Viewer Terminl Proc. of APMC, pp.144-1443 Dec. 2 [16] FDTD 12 Feb. 21 58
B-1-47 Sep. 21 FDTD B-1-133 Mr. 22 59
2 1 1 A B 2 P PDA =14mm 82mm C cellulr =128mm 44mm S 1mm (squre) 3 2 b ()AP1 (b)ap2 (c)bp1 =14 b=82mm (d)bp2.1: PDA /4 b ()AC1 (b)ac2 (c)bc1 (d)bc2 =128 b=44mm.2: (=128mm 44mm) /4 6
b d c ()AS1 AS6 (b)ap3 AP7 =1 b=1 c=14 d=82[mm].3: 61