WISS Woodman Labs GoPro 1 [5, 3, 2] Copyright is held by the author(s). 1 GoPro GoPro 2 6 GoPro RICOH THETA 3 Kodak P

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WISS 2016. 8 1 Woodman Labs GoPro 1 [5, 3, 2] Copyright is held by the author(s). 1 GoPro https://gopro.com/ 360 GoPro 2 6 GoPro RICOH THETA 3 Kodak PIXPRO SP360 4 Samsung Gear 360 5 1 RICOH THETA S Brazucam 6 GoPro 3 2 2.1 Pfeil Panoramic Throwable Ball Camera (Panono) [8] Panono 36 2 Freedom360 http://freedom360.us/ 3 RICOH THETA https://theta360.com/ja/ 4 PIXPRO SP360 https://www.maspro.co.jp/ products/pixpro/sp360/ 5 Gear 360 http://www.samsung.com/global/ galaxy/gear-360/ 6 Brazucam https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= pzskbajn5oi

WISS 2016 1: Panono Panono Panono Funakoshi pseudo straight view [2] 6 4 2.2 Kasahara JackIn Head [4] 6 3 RICOH THETA S 1920 x 1080 [pixel] 30 [fps] RICOH THETA S 2 1 360 (θ, φ) (u, v) u = w (θ + π) ( π θ<π) (1) 2π v = h ( φ + π ) ( π ) π 2 2 φ<π (2) 2 w h 2a 2b 2: 4

3 4.1 3 Kasahara [4] Morel [7] Cruz-Mota[1] Taira [9] SIFT[6] X 3 ( ) 3a +π/3 3b π/3 4.2 4.1 8 RANSAC LMeds 4.3 4 n 4: n 3: X + π X 3 π 3 5

WISS 2016 5.1 ボールカメラのプロトタイプ 全天球カメラの姿勢を変化させながら動画を撮影 するために カメラを透明なアクリルボールの中心 に固定したボールカメラを考えた 図 5a はボール カメラの構造を示す 全天球カメラをボールの中心 に固定するために円形板をカメラの形に繰り抜き カメラをそこにはめ込む それらを 2 つのアクリル ドームで包むことでボールカメラができる 図 5b は本稿で使用したボールカメラのプロトタ イプを示す アクリルドームの直径は約 25cm で厚 さは約 2.5mm である 本稿ではこのようなボール カメラを使って全天球動画を撮影したが 本アルゴ リズムは他の種類のカメラで撮影された全天球動画 にも適用できることに留意してほしい 5.2 結果 5.1 節のボールカメラのプロトタイプを使って全 天球動画を撮影し 本アルゴリズムで視点を固定す る処理を行った 撮影時にボールを回転させる必要 があるが ボールの素材がアクリルであるため サッ カーのキックやバスケットボールのドリブルのよう なボールに強い衝撃を与えるプレイはできない そ こでボウリングとパスをサンプルシナリオに選んだ 図 6 は本アルゴリズムの処理の前後の全天球画像 列の比較を示す 図 6a はボウリングを 図 6b はパ スを示す それぞれのシナリオで左側が処理前の画 像列 右側が処理後の視点を固定した画像列である 処理後の画像列は視点が一番上の画像のものに固定 されていることがわかる 6 図 5: 全天球カメラを用いたボールカメラ ボー ルカメラの構造 ボールカメラのプロトタイプ 考察 本アルゴリズムによって全天球カメラの姿勢を変 化させながら撮影した動画の視点を固定することが できた しかしまだ解決すべき問題がある 1 つめはフレーム中のブレの問題である RICOH THETA S はフレームレートが 30 [fps] なので ボー ルが高速に回転するとブレが発生し特徴点の抽出が 困難になる 抽出される特徴点の数が少ないと全天球 カメラの姿勢変化の推定の精度が落ち 最悪の場合推 定に失敗してしまう この問題は RICOH THETA 図 6: 本アルゴリズムによる処理の前後の全天球画像列の比較 ボウリング. パス

S PIXPRO SP360 4K PIXPRO SP360 4K 2 120 [fps] 2 n (n 1) 7 8 [1] J. Cruz-Mota, I. Bogdanova, B. Paquler, M. Bierlaire, and J. Thiran. Scale Invariant Feature Transform on the Sphere: Theory and Applications. In International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol.98, No.2, pp. 217 241, 2012. [2] R. Funakoshi, Y. Okudera, and H. Koike. Synthesizing Pseudo Straight View from A Spinning Camera Ball. In Proceedings of the 7th Augmented Human International Conference, No.30, 2015. [3] K. Horita, H. Sasaki, H. Koike, and K. M. Kitani. Experiencing the Ball s POV for Ballistic Sports. In Proceedings of the 4th Augmented Human International Conference, pp. 128 133, 2013. [4] S. Kasahara, S. Nagai, and J. Rekimoto. First Person Omnidirectional Video: System Design and Implications for Immersive Experience. In Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video, pp. 33 42, 2015. [5] K. M. Kitani, K. Horita, and H.Koike. Ballcam!: dynamic view synthesis from spinning cameras. In Adjunct proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology, pp. 87 88, 2012. [6] D. G. Lowe. Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints. In International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol.60, No.2, pp. 91 110, 2004. [7] J. M. Morel and G. Yu. ASIFT: A new framework for fully affine invariant image comparison. In SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences, Vol.2, No.2, pp. 438 469, 2009. [8] J. Pfeil, K.Hildebrand, C.Gremzow, and M.Alexa. Throwable panoramic ball camera. In SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 Emerging Technologies, No.4, 2011. [9] H. Taira, Y. Inoue, A. Torii, and M. Okutomi. Robust Feature Matching for Distorted Projection by Spherical Cameras. In IPSJ Transactionas on Computer Vision and Applications, Vol.7, pp. 84 88, 2015.

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