35 Articles ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO ISO WTO ISO14000 ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 OHSAS1800118002 ISO14001 ISO TQC TQM ISO TQM ISO ISO ISO
36 Economic Review 2002.4 The effect and subject of introducing environmental system ISO 14001 Research FellowReiji Takeishi Preface. Introduction. Active use of ISO system. Development of ISO system The environmental management system defined by the IS014000 series requires that an organization have a structure for continuous improvement. Promotion of standardization by ISO as an international standard will have an influence on the competitive power of industry in Japan. Standardization is a crucial matter, and it is said that who controls a standard commands the world. Japanese companies should aim first to control the de facto standard in market competition, and subsequently control the de jure standard that is recognized by international organizations. The introduction of ISO 14001 by each organization serves as a breakthrough and promotes the riskconscious thinking of Common Law. There are plans to unify the operation of IS014001 and OHSAS 18001 and 18002, which relate to labor management, and ISO 9000, which deals with product quality. Organizations must improve their legal skills and cannot avoid adopting the views of risk management that are common to the European and American styles so that restrictions can be placed on demands from consumers. While ISO standards request top-down decisions, they also require continued improvement of the bottom up submission of opinions for improvement. It could be said that now is the best opportunity to convey to the world the know-how that Japanese companies have cultivated through TQC and TQM (total quality control). Japanese companies that improve performance through introducing ISO standards will build and employ management systems that are accepted throughout the world market. Therefore, Japan should actively tackle ISO introduction and its practical use. Its response to globalization means acceptance of and active participation in international standards. Turning back is no longer possible, following the progression of international standardization and ISO introduction by Japanese companies. Rewarding results have definitely been obtained from taking active steps to adopt ISO standards.
37 ISOInternational Organization for Standardization TC207 ISO14000 ISO14000 ISO14001 Environmental Management System EMS ISO14000 2001 ISO14000 6,450 ISO14000 ISO14001 ISO14001 1995 ISO14001 ISO14000 1998 ISO1400199 2000 2001 6,450 ISO14000 JAB JACO ISO14001 ISO 10 ISO ISO14000 ISO ISO ISO14001
38 Economic Review 2002.4 2010 2001 20 ISO 2001 ISO14001 ISO14001 JAB ISO14001 2001 JAB
39 232 ISO14001 1,174 ISO14001 180 2001 ISO14001 ISO 2001 3,200 5.6 1,300 2000 ISO 600 ISO14001 ISO14001 2001 1,307 603 996 ISO14001 519 72 438 422 ISO 398 234 63 230 55 36 218 193 17 179 145 143 ISO14001 140 ISO 1,281 6,450 ISO14001
40 Economic Review 2002.4 2000 ISO14001 1,500 996 66.4 ISO14001 90 80 80 ISO14001 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO ISO
41 ISO14001 2000 22,897 ISO14001 EMAS ISO14001 EMAS ISO14001 ISO14001 2000 3,992 2,300 1,400 230 206 200 200 ISO14001 EU EMAS 2,607 ISO14001 2,400 200 98 EMAS ISO14001 ISO14001 EMAS 2001 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6,261 2,400 2,010 1,444 1,420 1,370 1,078 906 881 849 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2,607 366 234 170 122 88 78 43 37 35 27,509 3,829 ISO World ISO14001 EMAS 1998 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 924 650 500 230 206 200 198 195 121 91 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1,227 115 99 54 50 38 20 16 12 11 ISO
42 Economic Review 2002.4 ISO EMAS EMAS ISO14001 ISO14001 2000 98 22,897 ISO 95 19 257 ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO9000 ISO9000 1998 p.30 ISO ISO ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO ISO90001987 2000 158 200012 40 2001 JAB ISO9000 2000 ISO9000 ISO9000 JAB
43 25 ISO ISO ISO9000 10 11 10 2000 11 ISO9000 2000 40 1999 98 1.8 10ISO9000 ISO 11ISO9000 Jan-93 Jun-94 Dec-95 Dec-96 Dec-97 Dec-98 Dec-99 Dec-00 1 18,577 36,825 52,595 53,099 56,696 58,963 63,700 63,725 2 893 3,960 8,762 12,613 18,581 24,987 33,054 35,018 3 790 3,470 10,236 12,979 20,656 24,055 30,150 32,500 4 188 2,008 4,814 7,321 12,134 18,095 21,069 30,367 5 10 150 507 3,406 5,698 8,245 15,109 25,657 6 1,668 3,710 8,834 7,252 10,547 14,170 22,833 24,772 7 165 1,060 3,762 7,247 6,487 8,613 14,564 21,329 8 1,049 3,359 5,536 8,079 11,920 14,194 16,028 17,170 9 27 226 619 892 5,806 7,729 11,533 15,424 10 43 586 1,492 2,496 4,268 6,412 8,699 12,576 27,816 70,364 127,349 162,701 223,299 271,847 343,643 408,631 ISO http://www.iso.ch/
44 Economic Review 2002.4 ISO9000 ISO14001 2001 ISO9000 TQM ISO ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO 2001 p.87 ISO ISO ISO ISO 2001 p.97 ISO 2001 p.171
45 200 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO 2001 ISO
46 Economic Review 2002.4 ISO TQM TQM TQM ISO14001 ISO9000 2000 ISO9000 1999 p.1007 ISO ISO900014001 ISO14001 TQM QC TQM 1999 pp.1011 LCA 1012 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO14001 2006 2001 16
47 ISO14001 H11 H11.11 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO14001.. 13 ISO14001 2001 232 180 3,200 ISO ISO14001 ISO14001 1999 p.169 12 ISO14001 ISO14001 1998 99 30 2000 62 2001 232 ISO14001 232 ISO 12 ISO14001 ISO14001 1 1998 2 1998 3 199812 4 1999 5 1999 6 1999 7 1999 8 1999 9 1999 ISO
48 Economic Review 2002.4 ISO14001 ISO ISO9000 1999 2000 ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO 2000 ISO9000 2000 ISO ISO ISO14001 2001 ISO9000ISO14001 10 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO14001
49 ISO ISO14001 13 ISO14001 ISO9000 1993 ISO TC176 TC207 ISO9000 ISO14000 ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO14000 BSIBritish Standard Institute OHSAS18001 18002 OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety System ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO 200012 ISO9001 2000 13ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO
50 Economic Review 2002.4 ISO9001 ISO ISO14000 14 ISO14001ISO9000 ISO14001ISO9000 ISO9000 QS9000 TL9000 AS9000 ISO13485 ISO9000 2001 p.173 14 1999p.289 ISO14001 ISO9000 10
51 ISO 2001 p.48 ISO14001 express terms ISO14001 implied terms ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9004 ISO14004 1996 2000 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO 2000 ISO ISO9000 2000 PDCA ISO14001 ISO OHSAS ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO14001 2001 p.13 ISOIEC TR13335 Consumer Expectation Tests
52 Economic Review 2002.4 15 ISO ISO10006 ISO14001 ISO ISO 15ISO 1987 ISO9000 BS5750 ISO9001200012 1996 ISO14001 BS7750 OHSAS18001 BS8800 OHSAS18002 ISO/IECTR13335 BS7799 Integrated Management Systems Assessment ISO10006 ISO14004 ISO9004 2000.1 2001 16ISO ISO ISO90002000 ISO13485134881996 ISO170252000 TC176 ISO140011996 2000 W/G ISO/IEC177992000 2000.8 200011
53 ISO14000 ISOIEC International Electrotechnical Commission TR13335TR Technical Report ISO14001 ISO14000 ISO9000 OHSAS18001 18002 WTO WTO WTO 2001 p.124 TBT 17 Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 17 ISO14000 EMS
54 Economic Review 2002.4 1995 WTO ISO ISO JIS TBT Technical Regulations Standards 18 21 ISO WTO WTOTBT NTB JIS 8,000 2,000 ISO JIS JIS ISO JIS ISO ISO ISO 18 21 2001 p.184
55 ISO JIS JIS ISO JIS JIS 19 ISO9000 NPO ISO ISO ISO ISO
56 Economic Review 2002.4 19ISO ISO 140019000 JIS ANSIAmerican National Standard Institute ISO ANSI ISO ISO ISO 1997 1989 ISO CEN European Committee for Standardization 2000 p.8 IEC CENELECEuropean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization ISO CEN CENELEC 1997 MRAMutual Recognition Agreement
57 Wilson 1995 p.143 MRA 90 JIS ISO ISO EU ISO MS DOS 90 TQM JIS ISO 90 Strategic Standardization de facto
58 Economic Review 2002.4 de jure VHS 10 ISO ISO www.iso.ch ISO JIS ISO ISO ISO 20 ISOJIS ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO10006 ISO14001
59 ISO ISO ISOIEC13335 OHSAS1800118002 1999 ISO1999 pp.14-53 1999ISO14000 BP ISO14001 ISO 2001 ISO14001ISO9000 2000 ISO14001 200121 ISO 2000 ISO 2001ISO14001 TQC TQM 1996 ISO14001 1999 ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 2001 OHSAS18001 18002 2000 PDCA TQM ISO 2001CEAR Vol. 1999 ISO14001 TQM 1998a ISO ISO ISO14001
60 Economic Review 2002.4 1998b ISO http://www.ecoloty.or.jp/isoworld/iso9000/globstdq.htm ISO14001 1998c ISO ISO14001 1998 1999 ISO14001 2001 ISO BP 1997 2000 ISO14000 1997 ISO14000 BP 2001 ISO BP 2001 ISO 2001 200021 12 2001ISO9000 s 26 http://www.meti.go.jp/report/downloadfiles/ g00608aj.pdf 2000 ISO14001 http://www.meti.go.jp/kohosys/press/ 0000661/ 1999 2001ISOTC207 http://www.tokiomarine.co.jp/j0701/html/5-1.html 2000 ISO14001 2001JIS Q9000 Wilson, John S. 1995 Standards and APEC: An Action 1999JIS 64 Agenda Institute for International Economics 1999ISO14001 JACOhttp://www.jaco.co.jp/ JQAhttp://www.jqa.or.jp/ 2001 JAB ISO14000 2001 26 1999 2001 ISO14001PHP ISO14000 URL http://www.jsa.or.jp JAB http://www.jab.or.jp/jpn/htm/frame.htm 1999ISO14000 BP http://www.shiga-irc.go.jp/iso/neila/ 2001 I http://www.jisc.org/il41.htm ISO14001 1997 http://www.jsa.or.jp/develop/managmnt.htm ISO World ISO9000 JEMAI
61 http://www.jemai.or.jp CEREShttp://www.ceres.org/reporting/index.html US EPAhttp://www.epa/gov/opptintr/acctg/ CEAR Center of ISO14000 Information Centerhttp://www.iso14000.com/ Environmental Auditors Registration APEC http://www.jemai.or.jp/emsauditor/default.htm http://www.eic.or.jp/eanet/ http://www.keidanren.or.jp/japanese/profile/topics/kankyo /link.html LMJ Japan http://www.lmj-japan.co.jp http://www.gioss.or.jp http://www.unep.or.jp ISO http://www.ecology.or.jp/isoworld/ http://www.ecology.or.jp/index.html ISO http://www.isojiman.com/ http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/%7eiso/index.htm http://www.apas.co.jp/earg/ http://www.or.jp/index.thml http://eco.goo.ne.jp/gpn/index.html http://ner.co.jp/green-web/db/ksite/report.html http://infofarm.affrc.go.jp/ NPO http://www.kyoto-seika.ac.jp/newdi/kankyo/maga/magazin90.htm ISOhttp://www.iso.ch/ IEChttp://www.iec.ch/ ISO TC207http://www.tc207.org/home/home_main.html IAF http://www.iaf.nu/main.asp IATCA International Audit and Training Certification Associationhttp://www.iatca.com EARA http://www.greenchannel.com/eara/ EMAShttp://www.emas.lu/ http://www.apec-vc.or.jp/apec_j/index.asp