50 Table 1.

51 Table 2.

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55 Fig. 1.

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58 Appendix 1. A sample of interview analysis (H enterprise) 産衛誌 51 巻 2009

59 Qualitative Evaluation of Employer Requirements Associated with Occupational Health and Safety as Good Practice in Small-Scale Enterprises Naomi KUROKI 1, Nana MIYASHITA 2, Yoshiyuki HINO 3, Kotaro KAYASHIMA 4, Yoshihisa FUJINO 1, Mikio TAKADA 5, Tomohisa NAGATA 4, Hajime YAMATAKI 6, Sonoko SAKURAGI 7, Hirohiko KAN 8, Tetsuya MORITA 9, Akiyoshi ITO 10 and Koji MORI 4 1 Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1 1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan, 2 Citizen Business Expert Co., Ltd., 3 Hino Office in Occupational Health, 4 Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 5 Health Sciences of Working Life and Environment, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 6 Kimitsu Kenko Center, 7 Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 8 Oracle Co. Japan, 9 Human Resources Division, Ricoh Co., Ltd. and 10 School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify what motivates employers to promote good occupational health and safety practices in small-scale enterprises. Previous studies have shown that small-scale enterprises generally pay insufficient attention to issues of occupational health and safety. These findings were mainly derived from questionnaire based surveys. Nevertheless, some smallscale enterprises in which employers exercise good leadership do take a progressive approach to occupational health and safety. Although good practices can be identified in small-scale enterprises, it remains unclear what motivates employers in small-scale enterprises to actively implement occupational health and safety practices. We speculated that identifying employer motivations in promoting occupational health would help to spread good practices among small-scale enterprises. Using a qualitative approach based on the KJ methods, we interviewed ten employers who actively promote occupational health and safety in the workplace. The employers were asked to discuss their views of occupational health and safety in their own words. A semi-structured interview format was used, and transcripts were made of the interviews. Each transcript was independently coded by two or more researchers. These transcripts and codes were integrated and then the research group members discussed the heading titles and structural relationships between them according to the KJ method. Qualitative analysis revealed that all the employers expressed a strong interest in a good company and good management. They emphasized four elements of good management, namely securing human resources, trust of business partners, social responsibility and employer s health condition itself, and considered that addressing occupational health and safety was essential to the achievement of these four elements. Consistent with previous findings, the results showed that implementation of occupational health and safety activities depended on cost, human resources, time to perform, and advisory organization. These results suggest that employer awareness of the relationship between good management and occupational health is essential to the implementation of occupational health and safety practices in small-scale enterprises. (San Ei Shi 2009; 51: 49 59)