DEIM Forum 217 H5-4 113 8656 7 3 1 153 855 4 6 1 3 2 1 2 E-mail: {satoyuki,haya,kgoda,kitsure}@tkl.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp,.,,.,,.,, 1.. 1956., IBM IBM RAMAC 35 IBM 35 24 5, 5MB. 1961 IBM 131,,, IBM 35 13., 198 Seagate 5MB 5.25 HDD,, 198 3.5 HDD. 3.5.,,, 199 MR (Magneto Resistance Head), GMR (Giant Magnetic Resistance Head) TMR (Tunnel Magneto Resistance Head)..,,,. (Thermal Assisted Magnetic Recording) (MAMR : Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording) 2,,,. (BPM : Bit Pattened Media). HDD,, (SMR : Shingled Magnetic Recording),,., SMR,.. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2. 読み込みヘッド幅 1 TKP 1 2 C 3 RKSK イレーズバンド 4 書き込みヘッド幅バンド1 LBA : Logical Block Address PBA : Physical Block Address ガードバンド 5 6 7 バンド 2 1: SMR OEKHKSK VOEDWN 1 671ABDKa 4 8 OEKH IWC 2: Shingled Translation Layer (SMR ) 9 R.Wood, 214 HDD [3]. 1 SMR. SMR,,. 2,,.,, SMR., ( ),.,.,, 297 9 5 297 38595772,.., SMR.,,,, 1. SMR. SMR, SMR shingled. 3, SMR Drive Managed, SMR shingled Host Managed, SMR Host Aware. Host Managed, SMR, SMR shingled,., Drive Managed SMR, Host Managed,, OS,,. Host Managed,,, SMR Host Managed., Drive Managed, Host Managed Host Aware. Host Aware Drive Managed Host Managed. Drive Managed Drive Managed. Drive Managed SMR., OS,,., SMR, OS,,. SMR,
,.,,,.,,,,. SMR Shingled Translation Layer (STL), 2. 3. 1: CPU Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-124 v5 @ 3.5GHz Memory DDR4 8192MB 2 OS CentOS release 6.8 (Final) Kernel 2.6.32-642.4.2.el6 HDD Seagate Archive Disk 8TB 2 1GB, 1MB (ms),.,.,. 3.,, 2, 4. 1MB 1GB, 1kB, 16kB, 256kB, 4MB 4 1GB, 1MB 1GB, 1MB 1GB., 1GB, 5GB, 1GB 3.. 4. SW -> SW -> RW -> RW -> SW : シーケンシャルライト : シーケンシャルリード RW : ランダムライト : ランダムリード 定常状態 書き込み後 1MB 1 万回 1MB 1 万回 1MB 1 万回 SW 1MB 1 万回 1MB 1 万回 1MB 1 万回 SW 1MB 1 万回 {1kB/16kB/256kB/4MB} 1MB 1 万回 RW 1 万回 1MB 1 万回 {1kB/16kB/256kB/4MB} 1MB 1 万回 RW {1/5/1} 万回 3: SMR, STL. 1. SMR 2, 2. O DIRECT OS,., 2,. 4, 1GB 1MB, 1MB 5.,., SW, RW,,, SW. 6 5 cumulative curve,. 7 RW,. 6 5 SW, RW, SW, RW., SW ms 3%, RW 15%. 7.,. SMR,
5 5 5e+6 1e+7 1.5e+7 2e+7 2.5e+7 2e+9 4e+9 6e+9 8e+9 1e+1 1.2e+11.4e+11.6e+1 (a) (b) 4: 25 15 5 5e+6 1e+7 1.5e+7 2e+7 2.5e+7 (a) SW 18 16 1 1 8 6 2e+9 4e+9 6e+9 8e+9 1e+1 1.2e+11.4e+11.6e+1 (b) SW 25 15 5 5e+6 1e+7 1.5e+7 2e+7 2.5e+7 (c) RW 18 16 1 1 8 6 2e+9 4e+9 6e+9 8e+9 1e+1 1.2e+11.4e+11.6e+1 (d) RW 5:
8 8 6 4 6 4 2 2 5 15 25 35 5 6 7 8 (a) SW (b) SW 8 8 6 4 6 4 2 2 2 4 6 8 12 14 16 18 6 8 1 1 16 18 (c) RW 6: (cumulative curve) (d) RW 18 18 18 16 16 16 1 1 1 1 8 6 1 8 6 1 8 6 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9 time[s] time[s] time[s] (a) 1GB (b) 5GB (c) 1GB 7: RW
,. for shingled storage array. 214 3th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST). IEEE, 214. 5.,.,,., SMR., NEDO / IoT IoT. [1],,, 215. [2] K. Goda, M. Kitsuregawa, The History of Storage Systems., Proceedings of the IEEE, 212,.Centennial- Issue: 1433-144. [3] R. Wood, M. Williams, A. Kavcic, J. Miles, The feasibility of magnetic recording at 1 Terabits per square inch on conventional media, IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 917-923, Feb. 9. [4] A. Amer, D. D. E. Long, E. L. Miller, J.-F. Paris, T. Schwarz, Design issues for a shingled write disk system, 26th IEEE Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technology, pp. 1-12, 21. [5] M. Dunn, T. Feldman, Shingled Magnetic Recording Models, Standardization - SNIA, 214. [6],,, vol. 76, no. 7, pp. 755-758, 21. [7], HDD,, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 29-32, 215. [8] Pitchumani, Rekha, et al. Emulating a shingled write disk. 212 IEEE 2th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems. IEEE, 212. [9] Aghayev, Abutalib, Mansour Shafaei, and Peter Desnoyers. Skylighta window on shingled disk operation. ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS) 11.4 (215): 16. [1] Hall, David, John H. Marcos, and Jonathan D. Coker. Data handling algorithms for autonomous shingled magnetic recording hdds. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 48.5 (212): 1777-1781. [11] Le Moal, Damien, Zvonimir Bandic, and Cyril Guyot. Shingled file system host-side management of shingled magnetic recording disks. 212 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE, 212. [12] Jin, Chao, et al. HiSMRfs: A high performance file system