No. 4, 113-123 (2003) The rise and fall of the import car industry HORIUCHI Hiroshi Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies This paper discusses the rise and fall of the import car industry. It introduces how the two pioneers, GM and Ford, marked their successful debut to Japan during 1920 s but later were forced to retreat during the rise of Japanese military power. The postwar attempts by Japanese automakers to penetrate the American market made a remarkable achievement. However, American automakers made little progress in the Japanese market, and they blamed Homologation, the stringent Japanese safety rules, which were gradually diminished as the result of a series of heavy pressures by the international automobile community. Yet, the Japanese market for American automakers remains unchanged. In the meantime, a variety of international schemes are underway to accelerate merger and acquisition, which create further competition among automakers. How will the race be won, by penetrating the market or by pursuing an M&A scheme? 2003 6 Ford 100 20033 78 Ford 2003 5 9 Motor 14 3 Company Ford General Motors CorporationGM 20 1883 1920 20 1947 1903 6 Ford River Rouge Plant Highland Park Plant GM 1908 1927 1,500 T 21 General Electric Company
40 Anything that won t sell, I don t want to invent GM 1 T Ford GM p100 GM GM Ford Ford Ford GM Ford Ford 400 7,000 1925 1903 22 3,600 17 1925 1935 33 GM Ford GM T 2 1927 GM 2,500 1 5 1923 9 1 1908 T Ford 1 Tin Lizzie T 114
T 2 GM GM 1929 100 GM GM Ten Days Report 10 1931 GM GM GM 1927 1929 GM GM 2 115
4,500 1931 2,500 1.5 2,394 2,500 1933 1.5 2,169 2,500 3 Q 7,900 2.0 4,800 1.5 4,500 GM 1934 3 620 50% 535 1918 100 1930 1935 116
31 54,893 32 75,204 33 36 211,700 1936 1928 24,688 98 24,341 GM GM 1935 36,058 76 27,358 G 2 1939 1940 5,000 GM, 1939-04 GM 0 1,000-1,000 1939-08 1939-11 1939-12 GM 1940-01 1940-02 GM 1940-03 0 45 254 111 89-500 1,000 700 300 400 300 300 4,400 0 0 100 - - - 100 1,400 746 654 511 389 300 5,000 1939 1965 p77 p64 Ford Ford 1920 1945 p35 1954 1958 1928 Ford Ford Industry 1,786 29 4,298 30 13,911 117,638 34 139,800 35 169,400 Ford 117
30 1974 1974 1949 19 Ford 1979 Ford 25% 33.4 Ford Ford Ford 21 GM Ford 1992 GM BMW 40% %, 3 2,000 3,000 1998 11 3 Homologation. 1970 1980 1990 118
30 1015% 1965 1970 1990 1990 30 21 Wrap around 1980 1970 1970 119
1970 80 1970 1920 20 1970 1980 1981 168 Reciprocity 1948 1965 10 1978 4 1964 1 1972 24,398 1973 31,597 1974 39,432 1975 1975 4 1979 6 4 1966 2002 120
1980 2002 6 2,720,449 85.4 230 44,871 170 10 1 400 1980 1983 35,286 1981 38,110 9 7 2.26 1982 1983 30,000 1984 41,982 1985 1996 393,392 200,000 2002 272,994 2003 1 4 1 5 GM 1,579 75.3 GM 2,820 50 2003 2002 272,994 1 4 2 (272,994124 3 90,998) / 1.73 GM 3 BMW 78 1978 6 2003 4 25 5 2003 4 7 Sanctuary. 121
1990 GM Ford 400 BMW 2005 7,600 6,600 20 21 How will the race be won, by penetrating the market or by pursuing an M&A scheme? M&A 21 GMFord M&AMerger and Acquisition. 400 250 400 Ford 21 400 M&A 2005 122
/ B COMEBACK 1995 9 1 1999 9 30 1999 2 28 2002 10 5 1988 2 29 1995 10 19 VS 1998 10 3 Robert Lacey FORD Little, Brown 1986 Lee Iacocca IACOCCA Bantam 1984 7 2003 5 9 14 3 http://www.jaya-jp.org/view/asp?catid=2711&fname=r ekinenn.htm 2003 5 5 http://www.jaia-jp.org/view.asp?catid=1711&fname=2 00304shashu.htm 2003 5 (Received:June 01,2003) (Issued in internet Edition:July 07,2003) 123