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800 1990 9.11 37

1 1930 40 2 1955 84 17 12 4 38 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

1950 1 50 30 99 687 800 1980 2 2 1996 6 8 9 CTBT 44 3 1979 88 2 4 5 39

2 1990 6 7 8 9 1992 10 1990 50 60 80 90 2002 1 11 1990 80 40 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

12 1990 1987 90 13 90 14 15 97 2 1,000 16 2 25 3 7 20 17 18 3 2 41

1997 5000 19 1997 98 2 11 20 99 2000 3 8 Radio Free Asia 21 22 1980 42 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

1980 23 1999 24 1995 40 9 30 97 4 2000 2,000 1997 2 7 1 9 43

1990 90 96 60 99 12 6 1999 11 2000 3 25 2000 2 2002 4,212 555 44 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

26 27 28 4 1990 97 29 30 45

1994 4 96 5 31 3 1996 99 2 32 8 33 10 4 2001 6 1997 46 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

2000 2 9 34 1995 5 35 1997 97 10 36 99 1 Radio Free Asia 37 98 B 99 1999 38 47

5 9.11 2001 9 11 120 39 40 2001 10 APEC FBI 2001 10 2002 4 48 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

300 41 9.11 8 42 43 2002 8 6 49

30% 2001 2.7% 1990 80 44 4,190 2 1999 45 2001 2 46 47 95 50 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

48 9.11 9.11 1997 9 2 3,000 49 51

1990 1 1998 252 275 2 Vol. 3, No. 7 1992 7 25 31 3 1996 1997 212 220 4 1989 253 5 2002 9 2 52 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003

6 636 1999 6 296 299 7 1992 1933 Sharq Sharqi Turkist n Turkistan Aw zi, Awazi, Sayi 36, Mart 1993, p. 52. 8 Mackerras, Colin, ÒXinjiang at the turn of the century: the causes of separatism,ó Central Asian Survey, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2001, pp. 294 295. 9 2002 2 72 10 Sharqi Sharq Turkistan Turkist n Awazi, Aw zi, Sayi 36, Mart 1993, pp. 52 54. 11 2002 1 ; Sharq Sharqi Turkist n Turkistan Qollanmisi, Istanbul, 1999, pp. 155 166. 12 2001 109 110 13 1998 139 142 14 1990 15 Sharqi Sharq Turkistan Turkist n Awazi, Aw zi, Sayi 38, 1993, p. 76. 16 1999 311 313 17 1996 2002 8 18 19 1992 20 AERA 2002 2 25 79 21 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2001, Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March, 4, 2002 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/eap/8289.htm. 22 2001 255 23 2002 213 218 24 160 25 257 26 258 261 27 2002 4 22 23 28 4 1998 60 61 29 BBC World, World Focus, 1997 4 30 31 Amalendu Misra, ÒShanghai 5 and the emerging alliance in Central Asia,Ó Central Asian Survey, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2001 32 2002 72 73 33 Ahmed Rashid, Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia, Yale University Press, 2002, pp. 161 165. 34 35 Witt Raczka, ÒXinjiang and its Central Asian borderlands,ó Central Asian Survey, Vol. 17, No. 3, p. 393. 36 12 1999 18 37 1999 1 6 38 Dru C. Gladney, ÒChinaÕs Interest in Central Asia: Energy and Ethnic Security,Ó Robert Ebel and Rajan Menon ed., Energy and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus, Lanham, 2000, p. 214. 39 Amnesty International, March 2002, AI Index: ASA 17/010/2002, Chapter 2. 40 http://www.cdn.com.tw/daily/2002/06/07/text/910607g1. htm; UNPO News 2002: May-July, Thousands of Uighur Books burned by Chinese Authorities http:// 53

www.unpo.org/news/news2002may-jul/uighurbooks_burned.htm. 41 2002 5 8 42 43 2002 11 Clark T. Randt, Jr. 2002 12 17 ; http://www.uygur.org/wunn02/2002_12_16.htm 44 James Dorian, Brett Wigdortz & Dru Gradney, ÒCentral Asia and Xinjinag, China: emerging energy, economic and ethnic relations,ó Cenrtal Asian Survey, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1997, pp. 469 470. 45 46 20 47 280 281 48 Gladney, op. cit., p. 218. 49 Witt Raczka, op. cit., p. 393 54 Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2003