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Master's Thesis / 修士論文映像配信の中断から復旧までの時間を短縮するネットワーク再構築手法の改良隅田, 貴久三重大学, 2011. 三重大学大学院地域イノベーション学研究科博士前期課程地域イノベーション学専攻 http://hdl.handle.net/10076/12400

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1 1 (P2P) 2 1.1................................ 2 1.2 P2P......................................... 3 1.3 P2P..................................... 3 1.3.1 P2P.................................. 4 1.3.2 P2P..................................... 4 1.3.3 P2P........................ 5 1.4.................................... 6 1.4.1 IP.................................. 6 1.5 ALM.......................................... 8 1.5.1 ALM.................................... 9 1.5.2 ALM.................................. 10 1.5.3 ALM................................. 10 1.6............................ 11 1.6.1 join.................................. 12 1.6.2 leave................................. 12 1.6.3 failure................................. 13 2 14 2.1........................................ 14 2.2................................... 15 2.3................................... 15 2.4................................... 16 2.5................................... 18 2.5.1................................ 19 2.5.2................................ 19 2.5.3.................... 20 i

2.5.4................. 20 3 21 3.1................................... 21 3.2................................... 21 3.3................................... 22 3.4.................................. 22 3.5 Index..................... 23 4 25 4.1............................. 25 4.2........................................ 25 4.3........................................ 26 4.4........................................ 26 4.5.......................................... 30 31 32 33 ii

/ Peer-to-Peer(P2P) (Application Layer Multicast ALM) IP ALMIP ALM IP IP ALM ALM ALM ALM ALM ALM ALM push pull ALM 1 1 P2P 2 3 4 5 1

1 (P2P) P2P 2 1.1 P2P. 1 1 2

1.2 P2P P2P Peer-to-Peer Peer P2P P2P 2 2 P2P 1.3 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 3

1.3.1 P2P P2P P2P P2P 3 3 P2P 1.3.2 P2P P2P P2P P2P DHT(Distributed Hash Table ) ( ) 4

DHT ID IP 4 ID ID ID ID P2P 4 4 P2P P2P 1.3.3 P2P P2P P2P P2P 5 P2P P2P 5

- ------ 戸 ~. 5 P2P 1.4 join 2 IP OSI 2.1 1 ALM 2.2 1.4.1 IP IP OSI 6

IP IP ( D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255) IP 6 6 IP IP 1 7

1.5 ALM ALM IP ALM P2P ALM 7 7 ALM IP P2P IP 8

1.5.1 ALM ALM CoopNet[1] Narada[2] ALM 500kbps 500kbps 1 5Mbps 10 ALM 2 ALM Scribe[3] SplitStream[4] ALM 8 8 ALM 9

1.5.2 ALM flooding flooding flooding gossip [5] gossip ALM 9 9 ALM Bullet[6] 1.5.3 ALM ALM push pull 10

flooding gossip pull pull ALM 10 10 ALM 1.6 join leave failure 3 ALM PeerCast[7] 11

1.6.1 join join 11 (Tree-first ) 1 11 join 1.6.2 leave leave 12 join leave 12

12 leave 1.6.3 failure ALM leave 13

2 2.1 degree ALM degree degree degree 0 Index 14

Index (1) Index (1) C i Index n Index = min(c 0, C 1,, C n 1 ) + 1 Index 0 2.2 [8] [8] 2.3 1. 2. Index Index 0 Index Index Index 3. 13 12 1 1 15

2 2 4 4 12 12 4 13 2.4 1. ID 2. Index ID Index Index 3. Index 0 14 4 4 16

1 ID 1 ID 2 ID 3 3 Index 9 9 Index 0 4 4 9 14 degree degree 15 15 4 10 5 8, 9 6 6 degree 1 1 8, 9 6 6 17

15 [8] degree 1 2.5 18

2.5.1 degree 2.5.2 degree degree 0 16 2 4 9 9 4 9 9 4 9 degree 4 9 degree 0 9 10 10 4 10 11 19

16 2.5.3 2.5.4 20

3 2.4 [8] 3.4 [8] 3.5 [8] 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 3.1 [8] 3.2 2.4 1 degree degree degree 0 Index degree Index 17 4,5,6 3 degree 6 1 4 4 9 degree 9 degree 0 Index 5 degree Index 7,8,9 21

17 3.3 2.5.2 12 3.4 [8] degree 1 degree degree 0 Index 22

17 8 Index 6 6 degree degree 0 degree 0 Index 9 6 Index 1 6 9, 10 18 18 3.5 Index Index Index degree 23

degree 19 8, 9, 10 4 2 degree 1 Index 0 8, 9, 10 degree 8 2 2 degree 0 Index 2 9, 10 19 Index 24

4 [8] 4.1 1 1 100, 500, 1000 degree 3 degree 1 5 4.2 () = n 1 j=0 E(j) n n E(j) degree 25

4.3 1. 100, 500, 1000 2. 1 3. 1 4. 2, 3 500 5. 1, 2, 3, 4 1 100 4.4 20 21 22 23 20 24 25 26 27 28 29 26

21 100 22 500 23 1000 27

24 25 100 26 500 28

27 1000 28 29 29

4.5 [8] 3.4 3.5 degree 0 30

[8] Index degree degree [8] [8] ns2[9] PlanetLab[10] 31

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[1] V.Padmanabhan, H. Wang, P. Chou, and K. Sripanidkulchai, Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking, Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, pp.177-186acm New York, NY, USA, 2002. [2] Y. Chu, S. Rao, S. Sehan, and H. Zhang, A case for end system multicast, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.20, no.8, pp.1456-1471, 2002. [3] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A. Kermarrec, A. Rowstron, SCRIBE:A large-scale and decentralized applications Vol.20 No.8, Oct.2002. [4] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A. Kernarrec, A. Nandi, A. Rowstron, and A. Singh, SplitStream: High-bandwidth Content Distribution in a Cooperative Environment, Proceedings of ACM SOSP 03, New York, USA, Oct.2003. [5] A. J. Gancsh, A-M. Kermarrec, and L. Massoulie, Peer-to-Peer membership management for gossip-based protocols, IEEE Transactions on Computers, 52(2), Feb.2003. [6] D. kosti, A. Rodriguez, J. Albrecht, and A. Vahdat, Bullet;High Bandwidth Data Dissemination Using an Overlay Mesh, SOSP, Proceedings of ACM SOSP 03, New York, USA, Oct.2003. [7] H. Deshhpande, M. Bawa, H. Garcia-Molina, Streaming Live Media over Peers., Technical Report 2002-21, Stanford University, Mar.2002. [8] ALM NS2009-135, pp.85-88, 2009. [9] ns2 http://netlab.ce.nihon-u.ac.jp/ns manual/ [10] PlanetLab http://planet-lab.org/ 33