2 (1) 1990 (2) 90 (3) 80 90 (4) 90 3
) ) (1) (2) ( ) (3) ( ) 3 3 ) () ( ) ( ) ) ) ( ( ) / arm length relationship
( ) 1 3 1998 (1999 3 ) 98 5-1 1 3 2 59.7( 15.8) 26 6.0 2 ( 9.4) 3 3.0 3 4 1 8.6 19.0( 16.5) 0 72.1 ) 27.9 33.8( 121.1) 1 0 0 232 (44.6) ( ) ( ) 32 5-2 1 2 0.4 0.5 3
( 1) 1 3 1 1.58 ( 5.2) 2 1 ( ) 2.22( 7.2) 1.5 3 1 1 1 2.31( 7.5) ( ) 1
)
1990 ( ) () ( )( ) 3 5-2 24 1 3 () 0.07 0.14 ( ) 0.43 t 2 ( ) ( 30.63 ) 1
1.111.50 12.03 9.2 12.5 4 1.48 12.3% 5 2 1 1 2 4 ( ) 4 5.2 7.2 5 7.5
2 1990 1990 (2002a) (2002a) 2 1 (1991) 103, 7 6 162 162 8.4 7.9 1 80 6 (2003) 35364243
7
2003 (conjectures) 2002 2 (2002a) 8 17 9 10 ( ) 1 4 128 8 (2003) (2002a) 9 17 10 4 1 2 3 4 17 1 4
128 14 1.97 ( 0.39) 1 2.9
(3) (4) (5) 2 1
1 2 4 ( )