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POEA AOTS 2 EPA 3 care giver 4 FTA 2005.7.28. ; http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/thailand/j_thai_kyotei. html 20051215 2004.12.13 No.184, 2005.2, pp.72-73. Vol.20, No.6, 2005.6, pp.6-7. 2006. 5
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18 18127700 22 2010 1389100 18131 4300 221406200 18 3600227100 8 9 65 1719.9 2539 2228.7 3473 65 15 2003 380 20 2008 500520 26 2014 600640 10 12 11 12 3000 2005.12.22. 2005, 2004.11, p.247. 190 http://www.jil.go.jp/kokunai/mm/hourei/kokuji/20050331n.htm 2004.10.13. EPA Vol.83, No.14, 2005.3.8, p.84. 2006. 7
12 48.3 42.8 69.5 58.0 38.3 13 18 41 27 77 20 91 57 26 14 15 16 UFJ 1211, pp.48-49., 2004.8, pp.31-47. http://www.kkc.or.jp/society/survey/enq_040906.pdf No.227, 2000.5, pp.48-49., pp.50-51. No.1186, 2005.10.7, pp.66-69. 56, 2005.7, pp.138-174. 8 2006.
17 18 19 1989 16117 11 1999 20 21 22, pp.51-52. 2006, 2005.11, pp.565-566. 2000.4.21. Vol.24, No.7, 2000.7, pp.52-54. Vol.28, No.4, 2005.7, pp.41-42. 17 2005.9, pp.10, 34. http://www.moj.go.jp/nyukan/nyukan45-2.pdf http://www.campus.ne.jp/~labor/wwwsiryou/messages/92.html 2006. 9
14 62114 23 1111 24 "" 25 26 12 27 28 Vol.28, No.2, 2005.6, pp.18-19. Vol.28, No.4, 2005.7, pp.45-48. FTA Nursing Today Vol.19, No.10, 2004.9, pp.66-68. 21 1999.11 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/asiakeizai/saisei/1-2.html#1-2-3 http://www.moj.go.jp/press/000300-2/000300-2-2.html#03-1 10 2006.
16 16 29 1610 30 31 1723 EPA 32 1725 2004 16 http://www.keizai-shimon.go.jp/cabinet/2004/0604kakugikettei.pdf 1610 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/annai/shingikai/koryu/pdfs/0410_00.pdf http://www.kisei-kaikaku.go.jp/publication/2004/0323/item040323_02.pdf 2006. 11
EPA EPA EPA EPA EPA EPA 33 1725 1725 34 17 FTA FTA 35 36 17 http://www.mhlw.go.jp/houdou/2005/03/dl/h0325-2a.pdf 1725 http://www.kisei-kaikaku.go.jp/publication/2004/0325/item040325_03-09.pdf 12 2006.
1729 37 EPA 38 1989 39 40 41 http://www.moj.go.jp/nyukan/nyukan35.html 2006. 13
42 43 16 44 45 46 47 1610 Vol.133, No.2, 2005.1.15, p.253., p.249. 200414 http://www.keidanren.or.jp/japanese/policy/2004/029/honbun.html#s1 2005, 2004.11, p.745.,, Vol.55, No.7, 2005.7, pp.20-21. 14 2006.
NPO 48 49 50 51 52 2004128083815 3187586 3599257 1296972 2723182 994377 353253 352650 215494 205967 2004 12 53 Vol.55, No.7, 2005.7, p.18., p.19. 200428 http://www.irouren.or.jp/seisaku/seisaku71.pdf 2006. 15
16 2006.
2004855037 GDP 50 2380 128613 123207 1833 4260 344 4400 2004 54 19922003 87,852 20007,683 200113,536 200211,911 20038,968 981 7,986 19922003 55 2003 5,740 1,544 326 242 226 207 196 52 51 19922003 56 2003 163,756 29,467 19,052 8,173 2,241 2003 57 PHILIPPINE CASE STUDY ON NURSING MIGRATION Oversea Employment Statistics, Philippine Oversea Employment Administration POEA http://www.poea.gov.ph/docs/stock%20estimate%202004.xls OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKER'S REMITTANCES BY COUNTRY AND BY TYPE OF WORKER http://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/spei/tab11.htm Fely Marilyn Elegado-Lorenzo, PHILIPPINE CASE STUDY ON NURSING MIGRATION, p.54. http://www.academyhealth.org/international/nursemigration/lorenzo.pdf Ibid., pp.24-25. 2006. 17
PHILIPPINE CASE STUDY ON NURSING MIGRATION 1970 13,480 10,410 197063 1998198 1970 40,000 1998306,000 1980 7,00070 30 PHILIPPINE CASE STUDY ON NURSING MIGRATION 30,000 58 200 22,000 400 Ibid., p.17. Dr. Stephen Bach, International migration of health workers : Labour and social issues, Geneva International Labour Office, July 2003, p.4. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/papers/health/wp209.pdf 18 2006.
4,000 440,000 2000295 2001 5,383 2003 10,000 1998 1982004370 59 WHO 15100 2004 100 20056,000 2004 60 1970 2002 1990 2004 Technical Education and Skills Development AuthorityTESDA 700 80 50,000 61 2001465 20025,383 200318,878 62 1970 22,000 150200 63 1998 42.6 25.5 7.6 48.6 26.0 2.9 2005.9.27. WHO 2005.9.22. FTA No.8, 2005.3.15, pp.79-80. Table2.Number of Selected Health Workers Who Left The Country And Worked Abroad 1998-2003, Elegado-Lorenzo, op.cit., p.14. Bach, op.cit., p.4. 2006. 19
36.3 18.4 64 2004 20,000 200835,000 65 2004 33,257 19,982 1,193 11,477 3,690 2,521 981 933 605 2004 66 1999 67 1998 52 19991,052 Statistical analysis of the register, 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005 Ibid., pp.4-5. James Buchan et al.,, International nurse mobility : Trends and policy implications, GenevaWorld Health Organization, 2003, pp.23-24. http://www.eldis.org/healthsystems/dossiers/hr/documents/int_nurse_mobility.pdf The Nursing and Midwifery Council, Statistical analysis of the register, 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005, August 2005, pp.8,10. http://www.nmc-uk.org/jdg23055dwmaqv34thxxixup/aframedisplay.asp x?documentid=856 No.42, 2004.3.31, p.171. 20 2006.
20003,396 20017,235 20025,593 20034,338 20042,521 199830 199996 2000289 2001994 20021,830 20033,073 2004 3,690 68 2001 69 70 200011 1000 2020 80 40 20002010 100 561000 443000 71 National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses/NCLE X-RN NCLEX-RN State Board of Nursing NCLE X-RN The Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools/CGFNS 72 The Nursing and Midwifery Council, op.cit., p.10., pp.147-148. No.253, 2005.9, pp.37-38. Buchan, et. al., op.cit., p.26. http://www.nurse.or.jp/kokusai/overseas/workinusa.html 2006. 21
H-1B J-1 73 19901218 EU 74 EU 75 EU 76 "OECD HEALTH DATA 2005" 2003 148 137 128 2001 17 17 21 91 79 2002 97 78 2002 77 Bach, op.cit., pp.13-14. 2003.3, p.14., 1993.10, pp.285-292., p.16. Vol.87, No.2, 2004.2, p.101., pp.280-285. Vol.87, No.3, 2004.3, p.104. Practising nurse, density per 1000 population, 1960 to 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/46/35529914.xls 22 2006.
OECD 275,000 2010 78,000 2011 53,000 2010 40,0002010 10,000 2008 78 OECD 23.11 2001 22.5 14.0 9.4 16.5 1997 46.0 13.8 11.6 8.342001 30.5 17.8 16.5 8.8 6.75 2001 29.0 13.4 11.6 8.1 3.9 2000 43.0 16.1 9.6 7.8 3.63200169.3 10.6 6.6 79 H-1C 80 81 EU EU 2004 10 EU 82 IOM 200427 http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/fta/pdfs/sympo_ido_04.pdf Table 5. Number of foreign -trained nurses in selected OECD countries, Steven Simoens, et. al., Tackling Nurse Shortages in OECD Countries, OECD HEALTH WORKING PAPERS, DELSA/ELSA/ WD/HEA 2005 1, Figure 3, Nurse density, 2000. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/11/10/34571365.pdf Ibid., 69. Ibid., 71. 2006. 23
EU 83 1989 84 FTA EPA Bach, op.cit., p.5., pp.137-138. 24 2006.