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9 : 1 3 (2004 ) A. ( ) 8,606 58,048 22,530 ( ) ( ) ( ) B. 7,742 53,112 20,104 ( ) ( ) ( ) C. 4,427 31,025 10,180 ( ) ( ) ( ) ,.,,.,,.,,,,.,,., (2005),,.,.. 11
10 ,,.,, 19).,,,,., (2005),. 3,, 20)., (2005),,.,,., (1992) 4 4,,.,.,,,. (1992),,., (2007) SNA, 5%,.,. 19),,,,,.,,. 20), (1992), (1990),. 12
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12 ,,.,,,.,,.,.,,,., (2009),.,,.,,.,,,,. (2009),, ( 2)., ,., 100%, 100%., %,., ( 3),,, 5.,,,,.,,.,.,, 14
13 : (1) 101, , , , , ,864 (2) 149, , , , , ,772 ((1)/(2)) 68% 68% 72% 70% 68% 70% (1 ), 94% 2. 6,,,.,.,,,.,.,.,,.,.,,.,,.,,,.,,.,.,.,,,, ( ). ( ) ( 19 p.481). 15
14 ( ) 73% 100% ( ) 92% ( ) ( ) 135% ( ) 46% 40% 49% ( ) 35% 41% 26% 51% 44% ( ) 39% ( ) 31% ( ) ( ) 51% ( ) 81% 29% 30% ( ) 74% ( ) 28% 41% 16
15 : ( ) 110% 55% 58% 59% 55% 39% 35% 63% ( PHS ) 53% ( ) 86% 44% 44% 63% 70% 52% 47% 17
16 ( ) (, ) 76% (, ) 80% 39% 54% 80% 72% 82% 51% 24% 40% 52% 115% 104% 69% 84%., (1996) (2007) 1 SNA, SNA 5%, SNA 23)., (1989)., SNA 1,. SNA , 1 97, 8.1, 23),., Atkinson et al (1995) Banks and Johnson (1998). 18
17 : ( ) 0.3., 2005, SNA 1 1.3, ,,, (1996), ( ) ( ),.,,,.,,,,,.,., SNA 24). ( 1) SNA, 20%., 1980,.,,, (,, 1993;, 1993;, ;, 1999).,, 25)., 2,. ( ), 70%., 30%., (2003) 1990,,., (2009),,., 24) Demery and Duck (2006),,,. 25) 1990 (1999). 19
18 % 35 1 SNA SNA( SNA) 5 SNA( SNA) 0 ( ) ,, 2.,,.,,,.,,,.,,,.,,,. 3.4,,.,., 20
19 : 26).,, 2, 27).,.., (1), (. ) (2) (3) 4 (4) (3 ) (5) (6) ( ),.,,,.,,.,, 2. 1,.,,.,,,. 1,.,,.,,,. 3.5,.,,,.,,,.,., ) p.7 ( ). 27) Banks and Johnson (1998),. 21
20 %, %.,,.,., , 2,,.,.,,.,.,,.,, 50,.,.,.,, 28).,,.,,, 1.,, (2005) (p.86).,,., 1.,, 5, 1.,, Deaton (1985) (Pseudo Panel).,, 3 5, ),, (2006). 22
21 :,,.,,.,.,,,.,, 29).,, 30).,,,.,,.,,,.,,,.,,,. 4.,.,, 31)., FES, 10,000, 10 1.,., FES 2, 1 6., CES, 1980, 1 7,000. CES 1, 1, 29) 30).,.. 31), (2007). 23
22 ,,,.,,.,,,.,,.,, Panel Study of Income Dynamics(PSID). PSID, 1968,,., British Household Panel Survey 1991,. 8 2 Encuesta Permanent de Consumo(ECP) 32)., 6,.,,.,, (, 2008).,,,. (1986),, ( ) (Kohara, Ohtake, and Saito, 2002;, 2005; Hori and Shimizutani, 2005a, 2005b, 2006 Shimizutani, 2006, 2006), (2008) ,,,.,,.,, 32), Health and Retirement Study (HRS), English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).,, HRS. 24
23 :.,,,.,, 2000.,, 1., 2.,.,,,.,.,,.,,.,,,., CES. (1992),,,,,., PDA.,.,,.,,,.,,,.,.,,.,,. 5.,,.., % 25
24 ,.,,,.,,.,.,,.,,,.,.,.,,,., 2002,.,.,,,.,,.,.,,.,,.,,,.,,.. (2000) Atkinson, A. B., L. Rainwater, and T. M. Smeeding (1995) Income Distribution in OECD Countries: Evidence 26
25 : from the Luxembourg Income Study, Paris, OECD. Banks, J. and P. Johnson (1998) How Reliable Is the Expenditure Survey?: Trends in Incomes and Expenditures over Time, Institute of Fiscal Studies: London. Deaton, Angus (1985). Panel Data from Time Series of Cross-Sections, Journal of Econometrics vol. 30(1-2), pp Demery, D. and N. W. Duck (2006) Demographic Change and the UK Savings Rate, Applied Economics, vol 38, pp (2001) 93SNA (2007) / 4 (1986) vol.101 pp Hori, M. and S. Shimizutani (2005a) Price Expectations and Consumption under Deflation: Evidence from Japanese Household Survey Data, International Economics and Economic Policy, vol.2, pp Hori, M. and S. Shimizutani (2005b) Consumer Response to the 1994 Tax Cut: Evaluating the Japanese First Tax Cut in the 1990s, Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, vol.46, pp Hori, M. and S. Shimizutani (2006) Did Japanese Consumers Become More Prudent During ? Evidence From Household Level Data, International Economic Journal, vol.20, pp (1995) (1) ( ) 35 (1996) (2) ( ) 37 (2000) GDP (2) GDP 6 24 Kohara, M., F. Ohtake, and M. Saito (2002) A Test of the Full Insurance Hypothesis: The Case of Japan, Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, vol.16 (2002) pp (1963) (2000) 2 (1992) (1993) SNA 99 pp (1999) SNA (2005) Ohtake, Fumio and Saito, Makoto, (1998) Population Aging and Consumption Inequality in Japan, Review of Income and Wealth vol. 44(3), pp (2007) / 3 Shimizutani S. (2006) Consumer Response to the 1998 Tax Cut: Is a Temporary Tax Cut Effective? Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, vol.20, pp (2005) 56, pp (2008) NIRA (1989) (1989) 116. (2005) (2006) (1993) ( ) (2003) 27
26 (2006) ( ) (2008) 10 (2009) SNA 10 ( ) (1990) ( ) 71 (1999). (2006)
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