90 2013 5 CCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCC 1 * 1. 1 1. GDP Dept of Int l Politics, Economics, and Communication, Aoyama Gakuin University, tomohara@sipeb.aoyama.ac.jp 1 Aoyama Gakuin University, Society of International Politics, Economics and Communication, 2013
GDP 4 1 2. 2 GDP 60 GDP 2 1 1 1 2 2011 2 5 6 2
3 6 Conference Board Consumer Confidence Survey Consumer Expectations 1 1 3. 1980 1 2 GDP 1980 3
1 GDP 2. 1960 2000 Pettijohn II and Jungeberg, 2004 smaller bust-to-waist ratios larger waist-to-hip ratios 4
the General Hard Times Measure the Environmental Security Hypothesis 1980 social ecological theory evolutionary mate selection theory neotenous smaller waist-to-hip ratios larger bustto-waist ratios 5
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2011 1 96 03 5 12 3 1 2000 1 2002 1 2007 2008 1 100 95 90 85 80 75 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 7
1 0.73 2010 2011 AKB48 2012 2007 2008 1 0.29 0.72 0.71 0.7 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.64 0.63 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 8
168 166 164 162 160 158 156 154 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 0.08 0.33 1992 2002 10 1 9
0.47 2 0.50 2002 1 2001 2000 1 4. 3 GDP GDP 10 GDP: Gross Domestic Product GNI: Gross National Income GNI GDP GDP GNI 3 4 5 2013 10
GNI GNP GDP GNP GDP GDP GDI: Gross Domestic IncomeGNI GNI GNI GDP GNI 10 11
GNI GDP 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GNI US$ GDP US$ Data sources: GDP IMF World Economic Outlook Database GNI 2012 3 2010 2012 2009 GDP 4 2010 9 GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GNI GDP GNI 12
GNI GDP 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 % 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GNI US$ GDP US$ GDP Yen Data sources: GDP IMF World Economic Outlook Database GNI 2012 3 2010 2012 2 2 GNI GDP GNI GNI GDP GNI GDP 5. GNI GDP GNP GNI GNI GDP GNP 13
GDP GNI 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDP GNI 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 GDP 1.8 2.2 1.0 2.0 0.8 GNI 1.9 2.6 1.1 2.0 0.9 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 GDP 0.8 1.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 GNI 1.0 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 GDP 0.5 0.7 0.8 4.6 3.2 GNI 1.1 1.1 1.2 4.9 3.6 2010 GDP 1.13 GNI 1.14 Data source: 14
GNI GDP GNP GNP Gross National Product GNP GNP GDP GNP GDP GNP GDP GNP GNP GNP GNP GNP 15
1 GNI GNP GDP GNP GNI GNI GNP GNP GDP GNI GDI GDP GNP GDP GNI GDP GDI GDP 100 GDI GDI 16
2005 100 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data source: 17
2000 2005 GNI GDP GNI GDP GNI GDP GNI GDP GNI GDP 10 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Data source: 17 18
GDP GNI % 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDP GNI Data source: 17 GNI GDP GNI 2000 2001 2009 GDP GNI GNI GDP GNI GDP GNI 19
GNI GDP GNI GDP GNI GNI GDP GNI GDP GNP GNP, GDP, GNI 20
GNP GDP GNI GDI GDP GNP GDP GNI GDP GDI GDP 100 GDP GNI 1 4 4 1 2011 2 10 21
1 22
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2 5 GDI GDP GDI GDP GDP GDI T X M P X M P X P M T X M P X P M P X M P X P M X M P X P X M P M P X M X M P X 60 40 100 5 200 60 100 40 200 P M 5 2 2013 24
60 40 P 140 60 100 40 200 60 40 34 140 34 GDP Pettijohn II, Terry F. and Brian J. Jungeberg, 2004, Playboy Playmate Curves: Changes in Facial and Body Feature Preferences across Social and Economic Conditions, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30 9, 1186 1197. http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/2780.html 2006 5 16 http://www2.ttcn.ne.jp/honkawa/2740-1.html 2012 7 http://homepage2.nifty.com/idol/trend/index.html http://homepage2.nifty.com/idol/report/index.html 3 http://www21.atwiki.jp/3size/ 2012 6 2011 2013 25