エダマメの早期直播栽培技術の確立



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Reprinted from BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER No.16 (March, 2011) Establishing a Cultivation Technology for Green Soybeans Using Early-Direct Sowing Katsuyuki Katayama, Tatsuo Hosono and Hisashi Hosokawa NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH ORGANIZATION Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan

16 1 15 2011 Bull.Natl.Agric.Res.Cent 1 目 1 2 4 9 次 11 12 Summary 15 Ⅰ.はじめに 1580ha 1 6640t 3 15 5 8 14 9 2 7 2 8 2 14 5 14 15 5 14 4 1 4 4 6 5, 8 22 9 14 23 2 14

2 16 2011.03 7 8 8 2006 2008 14 2008 2009 18015 18 20 18 21 Ⅱ. 材 料 と 方 法 1. 栽 培 条 件 1) 播 種 日 がエダマメの 生 育 および 収 量 特 性 に 及 ぼす 影 響 7 9 2006, 5 2007 2008 2006 4 28 5 12 5 26 6 9 4 2007 5 10 5 24 6 7 3 2008 5 8 5 16 5 27 6 5 6 17 6 30 6 2008 6 5 5 16 5 5 27 13 2,000g/m 2 2 120g/m 2 80g/m 2 N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O-MgO 8-15-15-1 80g/m 2 5 N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O-MgO 5-15-15-2 40g/m 2 E989 N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O 18-0-18 20g/ m 2 7 5g/m 2 m 2 N P 2 O 5 K 2 O 11.9g 7.6g 10.4g PU1705H 75cm 20cm 3cm 2 6 7 /m 2 5 5.6 /m 2 2006 4 28 2007 5 10 90 MKV 3 1 15m 2 2)ポリマルチ 資 材 と 直 播 移 植 の 差 異 がエダ マメの 生 育 および 収 量 特 性 に 及 ぼす 影 響 3 4 150cm 20cm 40cm 6cm 2 0.02mm 150 MKV 150cm 200m 2008 2009 2008

3 4 23 2009 4 21 13 1, Hara 3 LP S40 9g/m 2 LP S60 5.8g/m 2 7.2g/m 2, PU1705H PHM-A-14 150cm 20cm 3 3cm 2 2 3 1 13.3 /m 2 6.7 /m 2 128 1 1 3 1 22.5m 2 3 3) 黒 色 ポリマルチと 耕 うん 同 時 畝 立 てマ ルチ 展 張 播 種 作 業 機 を 用 いた 早 期 直 播 栽 培 技 術 の 実 証 試 験 (1) 場 内 試 験 10 11 2008 2009 2 1 2 2008 5 3 2009 5 8 AMS-201RWH 150cm 20cm 40cm 6cm 2 0.02mm 3cm 1 2 6.7 /m 2 13.3 /m 2 1 75m 2 3 (2) 現 地 試 験 2008 5 3 2 1 2 2 1 150cm 25cm 40cm 6cm 2 0.02mm 3cm 1 5.3 /m 2 285m 2 15m 2 2. 調 査 項 目 5 5 8mm

4 16 2011.03 5 9mm 13 21 6 36 44 71 82 36 47 72 90 80 3 1 1 1m 1.5m 2 Ⅲ 1. 旬 別 平 均 気 温 1 2006 2009 4 4 9 2006 2009 4 2 5 4 1.5 2.4 15 14 2. 播 種 日 がエダマメの 生 育 および 収 量 特 性 に 及 ぼす 影 響 2 4 2007 4 28 5 10 31 8 16 8 6 16 8 9 30 5 8 21 9 11 5 2 3 80 3 結 果 5 2 3 8 6 5 5 16 5 8 3 4 4 6 6 5 6 4 28 5 10 5 表 1 2006 年 ~ 2009 年 の 旬 別 平 均 気 温 4 5 6 7 8 9 2006 12.0 11.3 16.5 16.7 18.7 18.9 21.2 22.3 22.6 23.6 23.6 26.9 28.4 26.0 24.0 21.7 2007 10.5 13.0 16.6 15.5 17.9 19.7 21.4 21.7 21.9 23.1 23.0 27.9 28.2 24.6 25.4 25.2 2008 12.0 13.5 17.4 15.8 18.9 18.8 19.9 21.4 24.6 25.5 26.6 26.8 25.5 24.1 24.3 23.8 2009 12.7 11.9 17.0 16.3 18.5 19.9 19.8 24.6 22.9 24.7 23.8 24.5 25.5 23.6 22.5 19.7 11.1 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.5 19.2 20.5 21.5 22.8 23.7 26.2 26.0 26.0 25.5 23.6 21.8 1973 2000

5 表 2 供 試 したエダマメ 4 品 種 の 播 種 日 が, 出 芽 日, 出 芽 日 数, 開 花 日, 出 芽 ~ 開 花 迄 日 数, 収 穫 日, 開 花 ~ 収 穫 迄 日 数 およ び 生 育 日 数 に 及 ぼす 影 響. 2007 5/10 5/20 10 6/24 35 7/30 36 81 5/24 6/ 5 12 7/ 6 31 8/ 9 33 77 6/ 7 6/13 6 7/14 31 8/16 33 70 2008 5/ 8 5/24 16 6/27 34 7/31 34 84 5/16 5/27 11 7/ 2 36 8/ 5 34 81 5/27 6/ 6 10 7/ 9 33 8/10 32 75 6/ 5 6/12 7 7/12 30 8/10 29 66 2006 4/28 5/10 12 6/17 38 7/31 44 94 5/12 5/24 12 6/29 36 8/ 6 38 86 5/26 6/ 7 12 7/10 33 8/11 32 77 6/ 9 6/16 7 7/13 27 8/14 32 66 2007 5/10 5/16 6 6/28 43 8/ 5 38 87 5/24 6/ 6 13 7/ 6 30 8/10 35 78 6/ 7 6/14 7 7/13 29 8/16 34 70 2008 5/ 8 5/23 15 6/27 35 8/ 8 42 92 5/16 5/27 11 7/ 2 36 8/10 39 86 2006 4/28 5/11 13 6/25 45 7/31 36 94 5/12 5/27 15 7/ 4 38 8/11 38 91 5/26 6/ 7 12 7/ 3 26 8/13 41 79 6/ 9 6/16 7 7/17 31 8/17 31 69 2007 5/10 5/23 13 7/ 1 39 8/ 2 32 85 5/24 6/ 6 13 7/10 34 8/13 34 81 6/ 7 6/14 7 7/17 33 8/19 33 73 2008 5/ 8 5/24 16 7/ 6 43 8/ 9 34 93 5/16 5/27 11 7/ 8 42 8/11 34 87 5/27 6/ 7 11 7/13 36 8/13 31 78 6/ 5 6/13 8 7/16 33 8/16 31 72 6/17 6/23 6 7/24 31 8/23 30 67 6/30 7/ 5 5 7/29 24 8/30 32 61 5 2006 4/28 5/11 13 7/ 5 55 8/18 44 112 5/12 5/27 15 7/12 46 8/21 40 101 5/26 6/ 7 12 7/22 45 8/25 34 91 6/ 9 6/16 7 7/26 40 8/31 36 83 2007 5/10 5/21 11 7/10 50 8/22 43 104 5/24 6/ 7 14 7/16 39 8/26 41 94 6/ 7 6/14 7 7/24 40 8/30 37 84 2008 5/27 6/ 8 12 7/19 41 8/28 40 93 6/ 5 6/12 7 7/22 40 8/31 40 87 6/17 6/24 7 7/30 32 9/ 6 38 81 6/30 7/ 6 6 8/ 4 29 9/11 38 73

6 16 2011.03 表 3 供 試 したエダマメ 4 品 種 の 播 種 日 が 主 茎 長, 地 上 部 乾 物 重, 莢 乾 物 重, 莢 数 および 莢 収 量 に 及 ぼす 影 響. cm g/m 2 g/m 2 /m 2 g/m 2 2007 5/10 31.1 298 176 363 691 5/24 28.9 258 155 334 609 6/ 7 23.6 249 152 320 598 2008 5/ 8 30.9 295 171 371 673 5/16 30.9 310 180 364 707 5/27 25.5 290 174 365 684 6/ 5 25.2 277 169 355 664 2006 4/28 40.1 340 202 346 789 5/12 36.6 320 189 310 737 5/26 35.6 260 159 261 619 6/ 9 31.7 258 158 260 617 2007 5/10 39.0 340 200 292 720 5/24 34.4 270 165 280 642 6/ 7 30.9 275 168 276 657 2008 5/ 8 37.9 345 201 330 784 5/16 37.3 340 204 351 794 2006 4/28 49.0 358 188 419 713 5/12 39.1 428 211 470 800 5/26 36.4 347 183 408 694 6/ 9 35.2 352 183 408 694 2007 5/10 51.0 394 195 413 739 5/24 39.8 392 193 416 733 6/ 7 36.3 399 203 414 730 2008 5/ 8 50.0 487 228 497 864 5/16 41.3 449 220 503 834 5/27 38.0 428 216 469 818 6/ 5 36.7 415 211 439 800 6/17 34.4 347 183 408 694 6/30 33.6 329 175 409 663 5 2006 4/28 67.3 530 224 439 801 5/12 63.8 492 232 441 843 5/26 48.8 458 218 400 780 6/ 9 45.5 450 213 426 762 2007 5/10 59.6 560 240 430 858 5/24 48.8 480 225 449 805 6/ 7 45.1 454 215 416 769 2008 5/27 48.9 500 232 444 830 6/ 5 45.9 490 229 454 820 6/17 45.8 420 199 382 712 6/30 41.6 405 192 346 687

7 3.ポリマルチ 資 材 と 直 播 移 植 の 差 異 がエダマメの 生 育 および 収 量 特 性 に 及 ぼす 影 響 4 3 2 2 5 4 3 3 7 3 1 3 1 0 3 7 5 2 3 2 2 4 7 1 2 5 5 表 4 マルチ 資 材 と 直 播 移 植 の 差 異 が 滝 姫 と 湯 あがり 娘 の 出 芽 日, 出 芽 率, 開 花 日 および 収 穫 日 に 及 ぼす 影 響. 2008 4/24 5/ 2 91.5 c 6/ 7 7/11 4/24 5/ 3 89.2 b 6/ 8 7/13 4/24 5/ 3 88.2 b 6/ 9 7/14 4/24 5/ 5 84.6 a 6/12 7/16 4/24 5/ 2 6/ 9 7/14 2009 4/21 5/ 3 87.6 b 6/11 7/19 4/21 5/ 5 82.3 a 6/15 7/21 4/21 4/29 6/ 8 7/17 2008 4/24 5/ 2 93.4 b 6/10 7/19 4/24 5/ 3 96.3 c 6/12 7/18 4/24 5/ 3 89.7 a 6/12 7/19 4/24 5/ 5 89.8 a 6/13 7/19 4/24 5/ 2 6/13 7/17 2009 4/21 5/ 3 95.7 b 6/12 7/22 4/21 5/ 5 89.3 a 6/15 7/23 4/21 4/29 6/12 7/21 5Tukey

8 16 2011.03 表 5 マルチ 資 材 と 直 播 移 植 の 差 異 が 滝 姫 と 湯 あがり 娘 の 収 穫 期 における 地 上 部 乾 物 重, 莢 乾 物 重, 莢 数, 莢 収 量, 商 品 収 量 および 雑 草 乾 物 重 に 及 ぼす 影 響. cm g/m 2 g/m 2 /m 2 g/m 2 g/m 2 g/m 2 2008 32.1 c 435 c 217 b 419 c 852 c 648 c 305 d 28.5 b 359 b 214 b 407 c 837 c 641 c 3 a 27.4 b 305 a 182 a 355 b 726 b 535 b 35 c 27.4 b 295 a 177 a 340 b 670 a 483 a 20 b 20.0 a 284 a 174 a 328 a 672 a 552 b 4 a 2009 29.5 b 367 b 195 b 399 b 767 b 591 c 1 a 27.1 b 294 a 169 a 338 a 665 a 511 a 17 b 18.1 a 304 a 177 a 345 a 672 a 537 b 5 a 2008 47.9 d 615 d 246 c 406 c 937 d 695 c 157 d 39.0 c 524 c 244 c 397 c 942 d 684 c 5 a 34.1 b 420 b 211 a 332 a 825 b 622 b 32 c 33.7 b 401 b 210 a 323 a 760 a 569 a 18 b 25.6 a 376 a 227 b 356 b 915 c 688 c 5 a 2009 41.9 c 472 b 231 c 385 c 946 c 714 c 8 a 35.0 b 407 a 211 a 327 a 780 a 552 a 24 b 26.8 a 384 a 221 b 356 b 912 b 673 b 5 a 5Tukey 表 6 耕 うん 同 時 畝 立 てマルチ 展 張 直 播 作 業 機 で 播 種 を 行 ったエダマメの 生 育 および 収 量 に 対 するポリマルチ 資 材 の 効 果. g/m 2 cm /m 2 g/m 2 g/m 2 g/m 2 5/16 86.4 8/ 5 465 47.9 360 944 771 2.6 2008 5/21 64.9 8/ 7 359 25.2 291 695 568 47.9 5/21 92.2 7/29 375 26.7 436 860 487 1.1 2009 5/23 73.6 7/31 268 25.2 338 655 388 53.3 1 nst ns 0.968 0.895 1 2 3 4. 黒 色 ポリマルチと 耕 うん 同 時 畝 立 てマルチ 展 張 播 種 作 業 機 を 用 いた 早 期 直 播 栽 培 技 術 の 実 証 試 験 6 8, 7 2

9 表 7 現 地 実 証 圃 における 耕 うん 同 時 畝 立 てマルチ 展 張 直 播 作 業 機 で 播 種 を 行 ったエダマメの 生 育 および 収 量. g/m 2 cm /m 2 g/m 2 g/m 2 g/m 2 5/11 90.4 8/5 457 44.6 445 871 678 23 2008 5/14 86.4 8/7 315 39.4 334 610 488 425 7 Ⅳ 4 8 6 5 5 16 5 8 2 5 8 15 5 14 4 6 17 6 10 4 5 0 1 9 2 8 3 2 考 察 4 6 4 5 19,4 5 6 5 18 6

10 16 2011.03 10 8 5 15 27 5 11 11 5 7 144 77 12 12, 5 5 150 170cm 6 7 4 5 1 4 1 4 2 2008 5

11 10a 3 1/6 16 1 7 8 1 7 4 5 5 2 8 5 1 8 8 5 4 6 1 8 5 5 3 5 3 800g/m 2 1 作 型 マルチ 直 播 無 マルチ 直 播 早 生 中 早 生 中 生 : 播 種, : 収 穫 4 月 5 月 6 月 7 月 8 月 品 種 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 滝 姫 おつな 姫 湯 あがり 娘 新 潟 茶 豆 中 晩 生 庄 内 茶 豆 5 号 図 1 図 黒 1 色 黒 色 ポリマルチ 直 播 栽 培 技 術 (5 (5 月 第 第 2 半 2 旬 旬 迄 )を 迄 )を 導 入 導 した 入 直 した 播 栽 直 培 播 の 継 栽 続 培 的 の な 継 出 荷 続 体 的 系 な 出 荷 体 系. Ⅴ 摘 要 7 8 5, 8 7 8 8 2006 2008 5 2008 2009,

12 16 2011.03 1 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 8 4 Ⅵ 引 用 文 献 1 2003 14 62 63 2 2006 1 11 3 Hara, Y. 2000 Estimation of nitrogen release from coated urea using the Richards function and investigation of the release parameters using simulation models. Soil Sci Plant Nutr., 46, 693 701 42004 2 52 53 52009 20 http:// www.naro.affrc.go.jp/top/seika/2008/01narc/ narc08-02.html 62010 144 17 31 7 1964 ph 50 79 102 82009 44 46 49 9 2003 " " 75 84 10 1988 Ideotype 77 77 142 11 1986 57 377 383 121968 43 1852 1854 13

13 2004 8p 142003 " ", 352 368 15 2010 " " 21 53 162009 99 51 56 171980 35 243 248 182008 79 1 7 19 1997 76 3 12

16 1 15 2011 Bull.Natl.Agric.Res.Cent 15 Establishing a Cultivation Technology for Green Soybeans Using Early-Direct Sowing Katsuyuki Katayama, Tatsuo Hosono and Hisashi Hosokawa Summar y In Niigata, green soybeans (Glycine max) can be har vested before early-august only when they are transplanted. We are aiming to establish a less laborious and stable production technology that enables rice producers to directly sow soybeans earlier than usual for continuous harvests from mid-july to early August. We tried several mulching materials during the 2008 to 2009 growing seasons including: transparent polyethylene film mulch (TPM), black color polyethylene film mulch (BPM) and plant blankets (PB). The cultivars we used were: Takihime and Otsunahime (early-season varieties), Yuagarimusume (a mid-early season variety) and Niigatachamame (a mid-season variety). The results are summarized as follows: 1. Significant increases in seedling emergence rate of green soybeans were observed in the directly sown plots using TPM and BPM compared with PB and plots without mulch. This increase resulted from maintaining the soil water content in the surface layers of the rows rather than from an increase in soil temperature. 2. Significant increases in total dry weight at harvest, total pod yield and high quality pod yield of green soybean were observed in the directly sown plots using TPM and BPM compared with the transplanted plots using BPM, directly sown plots using PB and plots without mulch. 3. Although the growth of green soybean in the plot using TPM was higher than that in the plot using BPM due to an increase in soil temperature, there was no significant difference in pod yield between these plots. We concluded that the green soybean cultivation system using early-direct sowing with BPM was the most suitable scheme because BPM can prevent rank growth, lodging and weeds. 4. We established a green soybean cultivation system by introducing early-direct sowing using BPM and select cultivars that could be harvested from mid-july to early August. National Agricultural Research Center, Japan